Digital Commons Network^™

Remedies For United States-Mexico Cross-Border Incidents, Sebastian A. Navarro

San Diego International Law Journal

Countries that share borders inevitably encounter issues with each other. The United States and Mexico, however, face a uniquely complicated issue: United States federal officers standing in United States territory have shot and killed individuals standing in Mexican territory, generating much tension between the United States and Mexico. Some believe that a remedy for cross-border incidents is best addressed through litigation in United States federal courts, particularly through common law causes of action that afford monetary compensation based on claims of constitutional violations. This issue was recently addressed in part by the United States Supreme Court.

Nonetheless, there are numerous …

A Method For Classifying Ecg Signals With Different Possible States On A Multilayer Perceptron, Sherzod Nematov, Y Talatov

Technical science and innovation

To automatically determine the state of the cardiovascular system based on the recorded ECG signals, an artificial neural network is trained to classify signals into various possible states. At the same time, the parameters of heart rate variability (HRV) were extracted from the ECG signals and used as input functions for the neural network. HRV is the fluctuation in the time intervals between adjacent heartbeats. For this, the architecture of a neural network based on a multilayer perceptron and a method for obtaining the necessary parameters in the learning process have been developed, and the classification efficiency has been checked …

Archives Annual Report, 2019-2020, Meg Miner

Administrative Reports

No abstract provided.

Local Electronic And Magnetic Properties Of The Doped Topological Insulators Bi₂Se₃:Ca And Bi₂Te₃:Mn Investigated Using Ion-Implanted ⁸Li Β-Nmr, Ryan M. L. Mcfadden, Aris Chatzichristos, David L. Cortie, Derek Fujimoto, Yew San Hor, Huiwen Ji, Victoria L. Karner, For Full List Of Authors, See Publisher's Website.

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We report β-NMR measurements in Bi₂Se₃:Ca and Bi₂Te₃:Mn single crystals using ⁸Li⁺ implanted to depths on the order of 100 nm. Above ∼200K, spin-lattice relaxation reveals diffusion of ⁸Li⁺, with activation energies of ∼0.4eV (∼0.2eV) in Bi₂Se₃:Ca (Bi₂Te₃:Mn). At lower temperatures, the NMR properties are those of a heavily doped semiconductor in the metallic limit, with Korringa relaxation and a small, negative, temperature-dependent Knight shift in Bi₂Se₃:Ca. From this, we make a detailed comparison with …

Novel Electrochemical Sensor Based On Integration Of Nanoporous Gold With Molecularly Imprinted Polymer For Detection Of Arsenic Ion(Iii), Wu-Wei Ma, Qi-Gang Chang, Xiong-Fang Shi, Yan-Bin Tong, Li Zhou, Bang-Ce Ye, Jian-Jiang Lu, Jin-Hu Zhao

Journal of Electrochemistry

Arsenic, a toxic chemical element, is detrimental to environment and human health in particular. Therefore, the development of simple, fast, and accurate arsenic ion (As³⁺) detection methods has attracted extensive attention. In this work, an electrochemical sensor based on molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) and nano-porous gold (NPG) modified indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode (MIP/NPG/ITO) was developed for determination of As³⁺ in water with different quality. NPG with high conductivity, large specific surface area and high biocompatibility was prepared in situ on ITO surface by a green electrodeposition method using simple and controllable steps. Then, a layer of …

Effect Of 18-Crown-6 Additive On Chromium Electrodeposition In Ionic Liquid, Yi-Jie Wang, Dong-Fang Niu, Xin-Sheng Zhang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Trivalent chromium ion (Cr³⁺) is used for electrodeposition due to its low toxicity. Electrodeposition in ionic liquids can greatly solve for hydrogen evolution problem. However,as a widely used Cr(III) precursor, chromium chloride hydrate (CrCl₃·6H₂O), still contains water. In the presence of water, Cr³⁺ will form a complex coordination structure with water molecules ([Cr(H₂O)₆]³⁺), which is a stable octahedral structure and is difficult to be directly reduced to chromium metal. Therefore, coordination agents should be added into the bath. In this work, the effect of 18-Crown-6 additive on …

Return-To-Play And Competitive Outcomes After Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction Among Baseball Players: A Systematic Review, Stephen J. Thomas, Ryan W. Paul, Adam B. Rosen, Sam J. Wilkins, Joseph Scheidt, John D. Kelly Iv, Ryan L. Crotin

Department of Exercise Science Faculty Papers

Background: Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction (UCLR) is very common in baseball. However, no review has compared the return-to-play (RTP) and in-game performance statistics of pitchers after primary and revision UCLR as well as of position players after UCLR.

Purpose: To review, synthesize, and evaluate the published literature on outcomes after UCLR in baseball players to determine RTP and competitive outcomes among various populations of baseball players.

Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods: A literature search including studies between 1980 and November 4, 2019, was conducted for articles that included the following terms: ulnar collateral ligament, elbow, …

Effect Of Reaction Conditions On Cu⁃Catalyzed Co2 Electroreduction, Chang Zhu, Wei Chen, Yan-Fang Song, Xiao Dong, Gui-Hua Li, Wei Wei, Yu-Han Sun

Journal of Electrochemistry

Electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide (CO₂) driven by renewable electricity that can meet both carbon emission reduction and renewable energy utilization has been rapidly developed in recent years. Copper (Cu) catalyst has long been a promising candidate for CO₂ electroreduction applications because of its natural abundance and specific capability of producing a substantial amount of C2 products. However, various metallic Cu electrodes reported have been significantly influenced by the adsorption of certain cation/anion ions, resulting in wide-span catalytic activities and selectivity for various products. In addition, a recent report demonstrated that by virtue of gas-diffusion flow cell …

Numerical Simulations Of Current And Temperature Distribution Of Symmetrical Double-Cathode Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stacks Based On The Theory Of Electric-Chemical-Thermal Coupling, Cheng-Rong Yu, Jian-Guo Zhu, Cong-Ying Jiang, Yu-Chen Gu, Ye-Xin Zhou, Zhuo-Bin Li, Rong-Min Wu, Zheng Zhong, Wan-Bing Guan

Journal of Electrochemistry

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is a high-efficient clean conversion device for future energy management. Because of the low antioxidant reduction ability and complex thermal stress, the structure of traditional asymmetrical thin anode-supported planar SOFC is easily to be broken under stack operating conditions. To overcome these defects, a new complete symmetrical SOFC based on double-sided cathodes was developed. To study the influences of gas flow direction and current collection mode on the cell performance inside stack, a numerical model was established by finite element method based on the theory of electro-thermo-chemo multiphysical coupling. By applying this model, the molar …

Pitting Behaviors Of Passivated And Trans-Passivated 304 Stainless Steel, Jing Shen, Zi-Ming Wang, Da-Jiang Zheng, Guang-Ling Song

Journal of Electrochemistry

In order to further understand the passivation and trans-passivation behaviors of 304 stainless steels, the samples were pretreated under different polarization potentials and their corrosion behaviors were investigated. It was found that the pitting potential of the untreated sample was the same as that of the sample treated with 1.1 V trans-passivation potential, while the pitting potential of the sample treated with 0.5 V passivation treatment was the highest. This observation was further verified by the SKP results. According to SEM observations, the surface of the untreated sample preserved a polishing morphology, while the surface of the 0.5 V passivation …

Degradation And Thermal Characteristics Of Lini0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2/Graphite Lithium Ion Battery After Different State Of Charge Ranges Cycling, Cun Wang, Wei-Jiang Zhang, Teng-Fei He, Bo Lei, You-Jie Shi, Yao-Dong Zheng, Wei-Lin Luo, Fang-Ming Jiang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The LiNi_0.8Co_0.15Al_0.05O₂ (NCA) cathode exhibits high energy density and large reversible capacity, which plays an essential role in the field of electric vehicles (EVs). However, low capacity retention and poor thermal stability limit its application. Few literatures are found for the capacity degradation mechanism of NCA/graphite batteries at home and abroad. The different state of charge (SOC) ranges cycle degradation behaviors of 18650-type NCA/graphite (2.4 Ah) battery were studied in this paper. The SOC ranges considered were 0% ~ 20% (low), 20% ~ 70% (medium), 70% ~ 100% (high), and 0% ~ 100% …

Preparations And Sodium Storage Properties Of Ni3S2@Cnt Composite, Ming-Tao Duan, Yan-Shuang Meng, Hong-Shuai Zhang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Transition metal sulfides (TMSs)-based electrode materials with highly reversible sodium storage have attracted extensive attentions as one of the most prospective electrode materials for sodium ion batteries (SIBs). However, low cycling stability and rate property caused by large volume expansion and poor electronic conductivity during the electrochemical reaction still hamper their further practical application. In this work, in-situ encapsulated Ni₃S₂ nanoparticles in carbon nanotubes (Ni₃S₂@CNT) have been successfully fabricated as an anode material for high-performance SIBs by a one-step solid-phase calcination process. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), …

Effect Of Stereotaxically-Constructed Graphene On The Negative Electrode Performance Of Lead-Acid Batteries, Pin-Song Chen, Yi-Tao Hu, Xin-Yi Zhang, Pei-Kang Shen

Journal of Electrochemistry

With the advantages of high ratio surface area, excellent conductivity and high stability, the stereotaxically-constructed graphene (SCG) material was added to the negative active material (NAM) of lead-acid battery for improving battery performance. XRD, SEM and cyclic voltammetry tests were carried out to analyze the influence of SCG on negative active material. It is found that the conversion efficiency of lead sulfate to lead in the negative active material added with SCG material was higher than that of control group, and the particle size of the lead sulfate obtained after the discharge reaction was smaller, which are favorable factors for …

Core-Shell Structured Ru@Ptru Nanoflower Electrocatalysts Toward Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction, Xue-Liang Wang, Yuan-Yuan Cong, Chen-Xi Qiu, Sheng-Jie Wang, Jia-Qi Qin, Yu-Jiang Song

Journal of Electrochemistry

Water electrolysis for hydrogen production is beneficial for solving the problem of energy crisis and environmental issues. It is necessary to study highly active and cost-effective catalysts toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) to reduce the consumption of noble metals. Herein, we report the synthesis of core-shell structured Ru@Pt_0.24Ru nanoflowers electrocatalyst by stepwise reduction of Ru and Pt precursors in the mixture of oleylamine and benzyl alcohol at 160 ^oC. The average diameter of the resultant Ru@Pt_0.24Ru was 16.5±4.0 nm with a bulk atomic ratio between Pt and Ru of 0.24:1 and a surface ratio of …

Preparations And Photoelectrochemical Performances Of Rgo-Tio2 Nanotubes Arrays, Ze-Yang Zhang, Lan Sun, Chang-Jian Lin

Journal of Electrochemistry

Decorating TiO₂ nanotube arrays with RGO to improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ nanotube arrays has been reported. For the reported RGO-TiO₂ nanotube arrays, TiO₂ nanotube arrays were prepared by anodizing the high-purity Ti foil in an organic electrolyte for multiple-step treatments, while RGO were deposited on TiO₂ nanotube arrays by using cyclic voltammetry or other electrical reduction methods. To enhance the reduction degree and the coverage of RGO on the resultant RGO-TiO₂ nanotube arrays, in this work, the one-step electrochemical anodization in hydrofluoric acid was used to fabricate TiO₂ nanotube arrays with …

Preparation And Process Optimization Of Cathode Materials For Lithium-Sulfur Batteries, Kai Wu

Journal of Electrochemistry

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries represent promising candidates for next-generation energy storage system due to their high energy density and low material cost. However, the industrial application of Li-S batteries remains challenges because of the shuttle effect from lithium polysulfides and the lack of facial routes for Li-S battery preparation. To solve these problems, a cathode consisting of different commercial carbon materials, namely, acetylene black (SP), Ketjen Black (KB) and carbon nanotube (CNT), with sulfur (S) is prepared separately for Li-S battery. After the process of 8-h ball milling for KB/S composite, together with the polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) binder, the cathode could …

Synergistic Effect Of Dissolving O2 And Wavelength On The Photo-Assisted Anodic Deposition Of Ceo2 Thin Films, Tong-Zheng Jin, Yu-Meng Yang, Sheng-Hui Fan, Guo-Ying Wei, Zhao Zhang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Cerium dioxide (CeO₂) thin films have been applied as new material in many technical fields such as solid oxide fuel cells, catalysts, UV absorbents, pharmacology, and coatings for corrosion protection of many metals and alloys. Electrodeposition is widely considered to be one of the best preparation methods for CeO₂ film. In this work, the CeO₂ films were prepared by photo-assisted anodic deposition in the bath solutions containing 0.05 mol·L^-1 cerium (III) nitrate, 0.1 mol·L^-1 ammonia acetate and 70% (V/V) ethanol onto 316L stainless steel (SS) surface. The synergistic effects of …

Electrochemical Determination Of Dopamine Based On Metal-Substituted Polyoxometalates Composites, Yi-Fei Xing, Na Li, Xiao-Fang Wen, Hong-Yan Han, Min Cui, Cong Zhang, Ju-Jie Ren, Xue-Ping Ji

Journal of Electrochemistry

In this report, a dopamine electrochemical sensor based on metal-substituted polyoxometalates and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) composite was successfully constructed. The K₂H₂SiW₁₁NiO₃₉·xH₂O (SiW₁₁Ni) was synthesized by hydrothermal method, while the RGO was prepared by Hummers' method and chemical reduction method. The above-mentioned materials were characterized by SEM, FTIR and XRD. The as-synthesized SiW₁₁Ni and RGO composites were modified on the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by drop coating method, and the sensing interface (SiW₁₁Ni-RGO/GCE) was successfully constructed. The electrochemical properties of …

Preparations And Properties Of Low Cost Sulfide Solid Electrolytes Li6-XPs5-XClX, Na-Chuan Yang, Yu Wang, Yi Shuai, Kang-Hua Chen

Journal of Electrochemistry

With the shortage of energy and environmental pollution, the storage of electric energy is getting more attention all over the world. In order to improve the energy density and safety performance of batteries, uses of solid electrolyte become more and more popular. However, because the conductivity of solid electrolyte is not comparable to that of liquid electrolyte, the solid electrolyte application has certain limitations. With the efforts of researchers from various countries, there are several different solid electrolytes having better conductivity, for instance, sulfide solid electrolyte and oxide solid electrolyte. Sulfide solid electrolyte is a highly promising solid electrolyte material …

Step-By-Step Modification Of Graphite Felt Electrode For Vanadium Redox Flow Battery, Jing-Yuan Lou, Dong-Jiang You, Xue-Jing Li

Journal of Electrochemistry

As a well-known electrode material of the vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB),graphite felt electrode is the frequently-used electrode material in VRFB, and its low electrochemical activity is one of the key factors for the low power density of VRFB. In this work, we proposed a step-by-step modification method, which used KMnO₄ to oxidize graphite felt first and then placed in an activation solution to excite its reactivity, to improve the electrochemical performance of the graphite felt electrode. According to the results from cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterizations …

Beyond Wildlife Crime: Towards The Concept Of ‘Mundane Fauna Crime’, Orlando Goodall

School of Law, Humanities and Social Sciences

Research and theorisation on crimes against non-human species in rural regions have been conducted with less conceptual refinement than crimes against anthropocentric victims. The dominant conception of ‘wildlife crime’ predominantly advanced by the rational choice school of criminology is a nebulous ‘chaotic concept’. This article disaggregates crimes against common and relatively abundant species from that capacious categorisation and offers the original concept of ‘mundane fauna crime’ as a more precise alternative. The original concept aims to supersede the wildlife crime terminology using realist social relations theory and to offer researchers a rational abstraction to advance aetiological explanations. The additional category …

Evaluating Alternative Livestock Production Systems Sustainability And Farmer Income In Taipusi Banner, Inner Mongolia, Q. Tian, R. Jones, David L. Michalk, Geoff D. Millar, David R. Kemp, Z. Xu, J. Xie, Y. Zheng

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Feed Restriction On Compensatory Growth And Body Dimensions In Ujumuqin Lambs, Jiayin Song, Daowei Zhou, Ping Wang

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

The Weight Variations Of Grazing Goats And Sheep In The Desert Steppe In Winter And Spring, Y. M. Shan, Mingjiu Wang, H. J. Chen, Zh. Y. Wu, Zh. Q. Li, X. L. Sun, Zh. Yang

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Pasture Management Reshaping Dairy Cows Grazing Behavior And Performance, A. Schmitt, W. Murphy

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Right To Health In Gats: Can The Public Health Exception Pave The Way For Complementarity?, Swati Gola

Pace International Law Review

This paper demonstrates how a right to health approach in the interpretation of the public health exception outlined in GATS Article XIV(b) can bring about a harmonious application of international human rights and international trade law regimes. Focusing on the interpretive value of the right to health for the public health exception in GATS, it examines whether a WTO Member, who has committed itself under GATS to fully liberalize all service sectors that have implications for health (e.g., hospital and other healthcare services), still retains the regulatory space to undertake measures to fulfill their right to health obligations and can …

An Australian Conundrum: Genomic Technology, Data, And The Covidsafe App, David Morrison, Patrick T. Quirk

Pace International Law Review

This paper examines the difficulties that have arisen in Australia in the use of its contact-tracing app. We examine the privacy implications around the use of the app, the wider economic imperative, and the balancing of those concerns against the health threat of the COVID-19 pandemic. We posit that default options are superior in times of emergency and rather than begging for the adoption of lifesaving technology, we suggest that the evidence gathered by behavioral economists provides an apposite and powerful alternative worthy of consideration.

A Study On The Relationship Between Self-Esteem And Emotional Intelligence Among Librarians In Nigerian Universities, Emmanuel Chidiadi Onwubiko

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Librarianship requires personnel who most times should be confident, competent, social and good team players. These good interpersonal behaviors are paramount for effective and productive library services. This study was undertaken to assess the relationship between self-esteem and emotional intelligence among librarians in Nigerian universities. 140 librarians consented to and participated in the study. Roosenberg Self-Esteem scale and Schutte Emotional Intelligence Test were used to assess self-esteem and emotional intelligence respectively. Results showed significant and positive correlation between self-esteem and global emotional intelligence (r = 0.237, p = 0.001), perception of emotion (r= 0.220, p = 0.001), management of own …

A Survey On The Correlation Between Student Librarians’ Empathic Behavior And Academic Achievement, Emmanuel Chidiadi Onwubiko

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

It is a survey that investigated the correlation between student librarians’ empathic behaviour and their academic achievement. The study employed correlation design with area of study covering ten universities’ library schools in Nigeria. The sampled population for this study was 200 student librarians with each library school providing 20 male and female students who were randomly selected. The data for the study were collected through the administration of two instructions empathy assessment which are Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) develop by Davis in 1980 and Empathy Assessment Instrument by Eisenberg and Lennon (1983) as well as Academic Test Reports of the …

Rolling My Third Eye: The Third Eye And Pineal Gland Connection, Shannon B. Jackson

D.U.Quark

No abstract provided.