Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

2020

Discipline
Institution
Keyword
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 74221 - 74250 of 74621

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

Do Arthropods Respond To Noxious Stimuli Purely By Reflex?, Robert W. Elwood Jan 2020

Do Arthropods Respond To Noxious Stimuli Purely By Reflex?, Robert W. Elwood

Animal Sentience

Mikhalevich & Powell (2020) argue that it is wrong to dismiss the idea of sentience in invertebrates. Here, I expand on the evidence for crustaceans responding to noxious stimuli in ways that are not explained by mere reflexes, and that are consistent with pain. I consider the idea that male praying mantids must not feel pain because they may continue to mate whilst being consumed by the female. I finish with thoughts about the idea that because robots may be constructed to act as if they experience pain, the argument that animals might experience pain is diminished.

Go to article

Whether Invertebrates Are Sentient Matters To Bioethics And Science Policy, Michael L. Woodruff Jan 2020

Whether Invertebrates Are Sentient Matters To Bioethics And Science Policy, Michael L. Woodruff

Animal Sentience

Mikhalevich & Powell provide convincing empirical evidence that at least some invertebrates are sentient and hence should be granted moral status. I agree and argue that functional markers should be the primary indicators of sentience. Neuroanatomical homologies provide only secondary evidence. Consensus regarding the validity of these functional markers will be difficult to achieve. To be effective in practice, functional markers of sentience will have to be tested and accepted species by species to overcome the implicit biases against extending moral status to invertebrates.

Go to article

Lessons From Miniature Brains: Cognition Cheap, Memory Expensive (Sentience Linked To Active Movement?), Giorgio Vallortigara Jan 2020

Lessons From Miniature Brains: Cognition Cheap, Memory Expensive (Sentience Linked To Active Movement?), Giorgio Vallortigara

Animal Sentience

Studies on invertebrate minds suggest that the neural machinery for basic cognition is cheap, and that bigger brains are probably associated with greater memory storage rather than more advanced cognition. Sentience may be linked to feedforward mechanisms (Reafferenzprinzip) that allow organisms with active movement to distinguish active and passive sensing. Invertebrates may offer special opportunities for testing these hypotheses.

Go to article

Does Sentience Come In Degrees?, Andrew Y. Lee Jan 2020

Does Sentience Come In Degrees?, Andrew Y. Lee

Animal Sentience

This commentary is about whether sentience, or what philosophers call “phenomenal consciousness,” comes in degrees.

Go to article

Ethical Considerations For Invertebrates, Scarlett R. Howard, Matthew R.E. Symonds Jan 2020

Ethical Considerations For Invertebrates, Scarlett R. Howard, Matthew R.E. Symonds

Animal Sentience

Mikhalevich & Powell (2020) have built on the discussion about which species deserve inclusion in animal ethics and welfare considerations. Here, we raise questions concerning the assessment criteria. We ask how to assess different species for their ability to fulfill the criteria, which criteria are most important, how we quantify them (absolute or on a continuum), and how non-animals such as fungi and plants fit into this paradigm.

Go to article

Retracted: Effect Of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound On Injured Temporomandibular Joints With Or Without Articular Disc Removal In A Rabbit Model, Akinori Moroi, Yuki Saito, Takamitsu Tsutsui, Akihiro Takayama, Kunio Yoshizawa, Koichiro Ueki Jan 2020

Retracted: Effect Of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound On Injured Temporomandibular Joints With Or Without Articular Disc Removal In A Rabbit Model, Akinori Moroi, Yuki Saito, Takamitsu Tsutsui, Akihiro Takayama, Kunio Yoshizawa, Koichiro Ueki

Journal of Dental Sciences

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal ( https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal ). This article has been retracted at the request of the authors. The authors have informed the journal that statistical processing was performed by the Dunn-Bonferroni test, but the authors have concluded that this test may not be able to evaluate the data properly. Therefore the authors would like the article to be retracted.

Go to article

Incorporação De Resíduos De Construção E Demolição E Pó-De-Pedra Em Dosagens Experimentais De Argamassa Para Mitigação De Impactos Ambientais, Henrique Gomes Jan 2020

Incorporação De Resíduos De Construção E Demolição E Pó-De-Pedra Em Dosagens Experimentais De Argamassa Para Mitigação De Impactos Ambientais, Henrique Gomes

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Using Machine Learning And Text Mining Algorithms To Facilitate Research Discovery Of Plant Food Metabolomics And Its Application For Human Health Benefit Targets, Jithin Jose Mathew Jan 2020

Using Machine Learning And Text Mining Algorithms To Facilitate Research Discovery Of Plant Food Metabolomics And Its Application For Human Health Benefit Targets, Jithin Jose Mathew

Genomics and Bioinformatics

With the increase in scholarly articles published every day, the need for an automated systematic exploratory literature review tool is rising. With the advance in Text Mining and Machine Learning methods, such data exploratory tools are researched and developed in every scientific domain. This research aims at finding the best keyphrase extraction algorithm and topic modeling algorithm that is going to be the foundation and main component of a tool that will aid in Systematic Literature Review. Based on experimentation on a set of highly relevant scholarly articles published in the domain of food science, two graph-based keyphrase extraction algorithms, …

Go to article

The Evidence For Switching Dibenzazepines In People With Epilepsy, Lance Watkins, Marie O'Dwyer, Katy Oak, Charlotte Lawthom, Melissa Maguire, Rhys Thomas, Rohit Shankar Jan 2020

The Evidence For Switching Dibenzazepines In People With Epilepsy, Lance Watkins, Marie O'Dwyer, Katy Oak, Charlotte Lawthom, Melissa Maguire, Rhys Thomas, Rohit Shankar

Peninsula Medical School

The dibenzazepines particularly carbamazepine are associated with known adverse effects (AEs) and drug to drug interactions. Eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) is structurally distinct from other members of the dibenzazepine family and has the advantage of once daily dosing. Observational and trial data report successful switching from older dibenzazepines to ESL. The evidence base for doing so is unclear and not standardized. This is a literature review following the PRISMA scoping guidelines identifying the evidence of switching dibenzazepines. Transition methods, ratios, tolerance to change, adverse effects and retention post-change were evaluated. Study quality was assessed using the Oxford Centre for Evidence Based …

Go to article

Does Relative Energy In Sport Undermine Bone Health?, Regina Louise Schimek Jan 2020

Does Relative Energy In Sport Undermine Bone Health?, Regina Louise Schimek

Health Nutrition and Exercise Science

Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) is a term expanded from the female athlete triad the is inclusive to males and females and the negative physiological symptoms impacting athlete health and performance from low energy availability. Bone health is one of the ten health consequences of RED-S. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate RED-S in female and male collegiate athletes and determine if there is an association with bone health. Thirteen participants completed an electronic survey containing the LEAF-Q and EAT-26, a three-day food diary and exercise log, and a DXA scan. Energy intake and exercise expenditure …

Go to article

Incorporation Of Construction And Demolition Residues And Stone Powder In Experimental Mortar Dosages To Mitigate Environmental Impacts: Incorporação De Resíduos De Construção E Demolição E Pó-De-Pedra Em Dosagens Experimentais De Argamassa Para Mitigação De Impactos Ambientais, Henrique Gomes Jan 2020

Incorporation Of Construction And Demolition Residues And Stone Powder In Experimental Mortar Dosages To Mitigate Environmental Impacts: Incorporação De Resíduos De Construção E Demolição E Pó-De-Pedra Em Dosagens Experimentais De Argamassa Para Mitigação De Impactos Ambientais, Henrique Gomes

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Ecological Mechanisms Explaining Interactions Within Plant–Hummingbird Networks: Morphological Matching Increases Towards Lower Latitudes, J Sonne, J Vizentin-Bugoni, Pk Maruyama, Ac Araujo, E Chávez-González, Ag Coelho, Pa Cotton, Oh Marín-Gómez, C Lara, Lr Lasprilla, Cg Machado, Ma Maglianesi, Ts Malucelli, Amm González, Gm Oliveira, Pe Oliveira, R Ortiz-Pulido, Ma Rocca, Lc Rodrigues, I Sazima, Bi Simmons, B Tinoco, Ig Varassin, Mf Vasconcelos, B O'Hara, M Schleuning, C Rahbek, M Sazima, B Dalsgaard Jan 2020

Ecological Mechanisms Explaining Interactions Within Plant–Hummingbird Networks: Morphological Matching Increases Towards Lower Latitudes, J Sonne, J Vizentin-Bugoni, Pk Maruyama, Ac Araujo, E Chávez-González, Ag Coelho, Pa Cotton, Oh Marín-Gómez, C Lara, Lr Lasprilla, Cg Machado, Ma Maglianesi, Ts Malucelli, Amm González, Gm Oliveira, Pe Oliveira, R Ortiz-Pulido, Ma Rocca, Lc Rodrigues, I Sazima, Bi Simmons, B Tinoco, Ig Varassin, Mf Vasconcelos, B O'Hara, M Schleuning, C Rahbek, M Sazima, B Dalsgaard

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Interactions between species are influenced by different ecological mechanisms, such as morphological matching, phenological overlap and species abundances. How these mechanisms explain interaction frequencies across environmental gradients remains poorly understood. Consequently, we also know little about the mechanisms that drive the geographical patterns in network structure, such as complementary specialization and modularity. Here, we use data on morphologies, phenologies and abundances to explain interaction frequencies between hummingbirds and plants at a large geographical scale. For 24 quantitative networks sampled throughout the Americas, we found that the tendency of species to interact with morphologically matching partners contributed to specialized and modular …

Go to article

Trusted, Decentralized And Blockchain-Based M2m Application Service Provision, B Shala, U Trick, A Lehmann, B Ghita, S Shiaeles Jan 2020

Trusted, Decentralized And Blockchain-Based M2m Application Service Provision, B Shala, U Trick, A Lehmann, B Ghita, S Shiaeles

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

No abstract provided.

Go to article

A Novel Lung Health Programme Addressing Awareness And Behaviour-Change Aiming To Prevent Chronic Respiratory Diseases In Rural Uganda: A Two-Year Train-The-Trainer Programme, R Jones, B Kirenga, S Buteme, S Williams, Gemert F Van Jan 2020

A Novel Lung Health Programme Addressing Awareness And Behaviour-Change Aiming To Prevent Chronic Respiratory Diseases In Rural Uganda: A Two-Year Train-The-Trainer Programme, R Jones, B Kirenga, S Buteme, S Williams, Gemert F Van

Peninsula Medical School

Chronic lung disease is a huge, growing, but under reported problem in Africa. Following a survey in rural Uganda, which found 16% of the adult population had COPD, we developed a lung health programme aiming to raise awareness in the community of the risk factors for developing chronic lung disease and how to reduce the risks. A two-year train-the-trainer programme was conducted by healthcare workers (HCWs) in Masindi District, Uganda. Strategy and preliminary education materials were co-developed in a series of meetings with stakeholders including clinicians and community members. An initial group of HCWs were trained and further refned the …

Go to article

Use Of The Patient Health Questionnaire (Phq-9) In Practice: Interactions Between Patients And Physicians, Joseph Ford, Felicity Thomas, Richard Byng, Rose Mccabe Jan 2020

Use Of The Patient Health Questionnaire (Phq-9) In Practice: Interactions Between Patients And Physicians, Joseph Ford, Felicity Thomas, Richard Byng, Rose Mccabe

Peninsula Medical School

We analyze the use of nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), an instrument that is widely used in diagnosing and determining the severity of depression. Using conversation analysis, we show how the doctor deploys the PHQ-9 in response to the patient’s doubts about whether she is depressed. Rather than relaying the PHQ-9 verbatim, the doctor deviates from the wording so that the response options are selectively offered to upgrade the severity of the patient’s symptoms. This works in favor of a positive diagnosis and is used to justify a treatment recommendation that the patient previously resisted. This contrasted with the rest …

Go to article

Analysis Of Direct And Indirect Genetic Effects In Fighting Sea Anemones, Sarah M. Lane, Alastair J. Wilson, Mark Briffa Jan 2020

Analysis Of Direct And Indirect Genetic Effects In Fighting Sea Anemones, Sarah M. Lane, Alastair J. Wilson, Mark Briffa

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Abstract Theoretical models of animal contests such as the Hawk-Dove game predict that variation in fighting behavior will persist due to mixed evolutionarily stable strategies (ESS) under certain conditions. However, the genetic basis for this variation is poorly understood and a mixed ESS for fighting can be interpreted in more than one way. Specifically, we do not know whether variation in aggression within a population arises from among-individual differences in fixed strategy (determined by an individual’s genotype—direct genetic effects [DGEs]), or from within-individual variation in strategy across contests. Furthermore, as suggested by developments of the original Hawk-Dove model, within-individual variation …

Go to article

Chytrid Fungi Shape Bacterial Communities On Model Particulate Organic Matter, Cordelia Roberts, Ro Allen, Kimberley E. Bird, Michael Cunliffe Jan 2020

Chytrid Fungi Shape Bacterial Communities On Model Particulate Organic Matter, Cordelia Roberts, Ro Allen, Kimberley E. Bird, Michael Cunliffe

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Microbial colonization and degradation of particulate organic matter (POM) are important processes that influence the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems. Although POM is readily used by aquatic fungi and bacteria, there is a limited understanding of POM-associated interactions between these taxa, particularly for early-diverging fungal lineages. Using a model ecological system with the chitin-degrading freshwater chytrid fungus Rhizoclosmatium globosum and chitin microbeads, we assessed the impacts of chytrid fungi on POM-associated bacteria. We show that the presence of chytrids on POM alters concomitant bacterial community diversity and structure, including differing responses between chytrid life stages. We propose that chytrids …

Go to article

No Evidence That Footedness In Pheasants Influences Cognitive Performance In Tasks Assessing Colour Discrimination And Spatial Ability, Mark A. Whiteside, Mackenzie M. Bess, Elisa Frasnelli, Christine E. Beardsworth, Ellis J.G. Langley, Horik Jo Van, Joah R. Madden Jan 2020

No Evidence That Footedness In Pheasants Influences Cognitive Performance In Tasks Assessing Colour Discrimination And Spatial Ability, Mark A. Whiteside, Mackenzie M. Bess, Elisa Frasnelli, Christine E. Beardsworth, Ellis J.G. Langley, Horik Jo Van, Joah R. Madden

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

ABSTRACTThe differential specialization of each side of the brain facilitates the parallel processing of information and has been documented in a wide range of animals. Animals that are more lateralized as indicated by consistent preferential limb use are commonly reported to exhibit superior cognitive ability as well as other behavioural advantages. We assayed the lateralization of 135 young pheasants (Phasianus colchicus), indicated by their footedness in a spontaneous stepping task, and related this measure to individual performance in either 3 assays of visual or spatial learning and memory. We found no evidence that pronounced footedness enhances cognitive ability in any …

Go to article

Microplastic Exposure Increases Predictability Of Predator Avoidance Strategies In Hermit Crabs, Gerrit B. Nanninga, Cat Horswill, Sarah M. Lane, Andrea Manica, Mark Briffa Jan 2020

Microplastic Exposure Increases Predictability Of Predator Avoidance Strategies In Hermit Crabs, Gerrit B. Nanninga, Cat Horswill, Sarah M. Lane, Andrea Manica, Mark Briffa

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

The contamination of natural systems with plastic debris has become one of the most pressing global environmental issues. Microplastics (MPs) are of particular concern because their ubiquity and small size make them available for ingestion by a range of aquatic biota. MP exposure studies are hence proliferating rapidly but are typically limited to the analyses of population-level responses in toxicity endpoints across treatments. Potential contaminant-induced alterations in behavioural patterns, however, could manifest on numerous levels of variation: at the population level, between individuals and within individuals. Here, we used repeated measures on startle response durations – a risk-avoidance mechanism – …

Go to article

A Robust Blood-Based Signature Of Cerebrospinal Fluid Aβ42 Status, Chima S. Eke, Fatemah Sakr, E. Jammeh, Peng Zhao, E. Ifeachor Jan 2020

A Robust Blood-Based Signature Of Cerebrospinal Fluid Aβ42 Status, Chima S. Eke, Fatemah Sakr, E. Jammeh, Peng Zhao, E. Ifeachor

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Farming Democracy: American Agricultural Policy From The Great War To The Great Society, Amanda Belle Biles Jan 2020

Farming Democracy: American Agricultural Policy From The Great War To The Great Society, Amanda Belle Biles

History, Philosophy, and Religious Studies

In the days of the early republic, agriculture provided more than just an economic foundation; it shaped the country socially, and politically, too. Thomas Jefferson and others wrote at length of the role farming played in the American moral and political order, but by the turn of the twentieth century, agriculture’s share of the overall economy had declined, even as it became enmeshed in the emerging class question that was convulsing US politics. Farm policy followed that shift. While many historians of agricultural policy in the twentieth century limited their studies to the so-called farm bills and thus saw only …

Go to article

An Unintended Activist: Judge Ronald N. Davies And The Influence Of The Northern Plains On Twentieth-Century Civil Rights And Judicial Progressivism, Stacy Michelle Reikowsky Jan 2020

An Unintended Activist: Judge Ronald N. Davies And The Influence Of The Northern Plains On Twentieth-Century Civil Rights And Judicial Progressivism, Stacy Michelle Reikowsky

History, Philosophy, and Religious Studies

A devotion to an open and progressive interpretation of human rights and the law secured Judge Ronald N. Davies’ legacy as an unintended, yet influential activist for advancing civil rights and of the twentieth century. His views helped change the definition and meaning of judicial activism in the modern vernacular and transform it into a new notion of judicial progressivism. A biography of Davies crystallizes the meaning of the racial and civil relations across an evolving American landscape. A study of his life alters the way in which scholars and the public perceive and understand the role of the Northern …

Go to article

'They Ain't Afraid Of No Ghosts': Dark Tourism At Historic Sites, Kaci Lynn Johnson Jan 2020

'They Ain't Afraid Of No Ghosts': Dark Tourism At Historic Sites, Kaci Lynn Johnson

History, Philosophy, and Religious Studies

Dark tourism, a subsection of heritage tourism, is growing in popularity and center around historic sites and museums. Those sites are put in the position to take advantage of the surging popularity of dark tourism by offering programming that complements it. Ghost tours, paranormal investigations, and haunted houses have all been utilized by museums and historic sites to boost revenue and attendance numbers. The implementation of dark programming raises difficult discussions on the role of museums in society and the ethics of profiting off of ghosts, spirits, and the paranormal. The decision to produce dark programming as a complement to …

Go to article

Snowfall Impact Study For Spokane, Washington, Brian G. Henning, Levi Keesecker, David Camp, Erik Budsberg Jan 2020

Snowfall Impact Study For Spokane, Washington, Brian G. Henning, Levi Keesecker, David Camp, Erik Budsberg

Philosophy Faculty Scholarship

Examines historical trends in snowfall for the Spokane region, future climate projections and mountain snow forecasts, and determines what these data suggests about the future of winter recreation at Spokane’s five-area ski resorts (Mt. Spokane Ski & Snowboard Park, 49 Degrees North Mountain Resort, Silver Mountain Resort, Schweitzer Mountain Resort, and Lookout Pass Ski Area).

Go to article

Reply To Joshua Mugg’S ‘How Not To Reply To The Tragic Dilemma', Charles Lassiter Jan 2020

Reply To Joshua Mugg’S ‘How Not To Reply To The Tragic Dilemma', Charles Lassiter

Philosophy Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Social Justice And Liturgical Practice: Engaging The Earth/ Cultivating Solidarity, Daniel O'Dea Bradley Jan 2020

Social Justice And Liturgical Practice: Engaging The Earth/ Cultivating Solidarity, Daniel O'Dea Bradley

Philosophy Faculty Scholarship

In North America, across the political spectrum, we have a strong tendency to reduce religion to nothing more than a tool to promote our own socio-political views. Tis is a natural consequence of our hyper-polarized culture and our impoverished view of “religion.” It is also, however, a problem—particularly for those inspired by the call to renewal through an integration of the quest for social justice and the pursuit of the spiritual life. By focusing on the value of participating in religious liturgy, I show how a renewed respect for religion can help the proponents of social justice fulfill some of …

Go to article

Evolution Of Intraspecific Genetic Differences Across Heterogeneous Environments And The Potential Impacts On Environmental Restoration, Zebadiah Gaze Yoko Jan 2020

Evolution Of Intraspecific Genetic Differences Across Heterogeneous Environments And The Potential Impacts On Environmental Restoration, Zebadiah Gaze Yoko

Biological Sciences

Genetic differences evolve between seed sources of widely distributed species that can impact restoration success. Using the herbaceous perennial Geum triflorum (Pursh) as a model species, we examine genetic differences that evolve across a species’ range in both physiology and fitness. G. triflorum occurs across highly differentiated environments consisting of prairie and alvar habitats. Seeds were collected from 22 populations across three eco-geographic regions. Through a common garden experiment in the prairie environment, I first examined differences in physiological traits between source regions and populations. Significant regional differentiation was observed for a majority of traits assessed, with equal or greater …

Go to article

Phase Behavior Of Concentrated Pea Protein Isolate-Pectin Mixture And Their Application, Yang Lan Jan 2020

Phase Behavior Of Concentrated Pea Protein Isolate-Pectin Mixture And Their Application, Yang Lan

Cereal Science

Proteins and polysaccharides are the two major ingredients and often used together in processed food. In aqueous solution, protein–polysaccharide complexation leads to form either in one- or two- phase systems. In recent years, pea protein has received increased attention because of its nutritional value and low price. However, the complexation between pea protein and polysaccharide at concentrated levels and their application have not yet been reported. As such, the overall objectives of this project were: i) to study the phase behaviors of concentrated solutions of pea protein isolate (PPI)–pectin mixtures; ii) to illustrate the microstructure and quantify physicochemical properties of …

Go to article

An Investigation Of The Mechanical Properties Of Swelling Clays And Clay-Kerogen Interactions In Oil Shale: A Molecular Modeling And Experimental Study, Keshab Bahadur Thapa Jan 2020

An Investigation Of The Mechanical Properties Of Swelling Clays And Clay-Kerogen Interactions In Oil Shale: A Molecular Modeling And Experimental Study, Keshab Bahadur Thapa

Civil and Environmental Engineering

This work provides an insight into how the molecular interactions influence macroscale properties of two materials: swelling clay and oil shale. Swelling clays cause enormous damage to infrastructure: buildings, roads, and bridges. Understanding the mechanisms are essential to prevent the detrimental effects and use of these clays for engineering applications. Our group studied the effect of fluid polarity on sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT) swelling clay mineral using molecular modeling and experiments for bridging the molecular level behavior with the microstructure, swelling pressure, permeability, and compressibility. Various polar fluids (Dielectric Constant 110 to 20) found in landfill leachates are used. Our molecular …

Go to article

Comparison Of The Effects Of Pulmonary And Extra-Pulmonary Symptoms On Health-Related Quality Of Life In Patients With Severe Asthma, Joseph W. Lanario, Michael E. Hyland, Yinghui Wei, Rupert C. Jones, Matthew Masoli Jan 2020

Comparison Of The Effects Of Pulmonary And Extra-Pulmonary Symptoms On Health-Related Quality Of Life In Patients With Severe Asthma, Joseph W. Lanario, Michael E. Hyland, Yinghui Wei, Rupert C. Jones, Matthew Masoli

More Faculty of Health Research

No abstract provided.

Go to article

First Prev Next Last