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2020

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Understanding Escherichia Coli And Water Quality In Stormwater Retention Ponds And Detention Basins In Fargo As Part Of The Red River Watershed, Erika Leigh Olson Jan 2020

Understanding Escherichia Coli And Water Quality In Stormwater Retention Ponds And Detention Basins In Fargo As Part Of The Red River Watershed, Erika Leigh Olson

Natural Resources Management

Little is known about the spatial and temporal changes in water quality and E. coli throughout stormwater systems. The objectives of this study are to: 1) assess surface water within detention basins and retention ponds and adjacent groundwater to determine E. coli movement within the system; 2) determine how precipitation events impact water quality and E. coli; and 3) genetically source track E. coli and pathogens to better understand the impact on humans. Methods of this study include sampling surface water during major storm events, followed by sampling of groundwater and surface water one week later. Additional samples were taken …

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Invasions In The Prairie Pothole Region: Addressing The Effects Of Exotic Plants On Wetland And Grassland Ecosystems And Restoration Efforts, Cheyenne Elizabeth Durant Jan 2020

Invasions In The Prairie Pothole Region: Addressing The Effects Of Exotic Plants On Wetland And Grassland Ecosystems And Restoration Efforts, Cheyenne Elizabeth Durant

Natural Resources Management

Three wetland restoration methods: seeding, seeding + hay mulch, and seeding + hay mulch + vegetation plugs were compared via the plant community within a formerly cropped wetland in southeastern North Dakota. Arrangement of plugs were also compared to assess the success of native species establishment. Mean relative cover for native species and introduced species were recorded and analyzed to compare the restoration methods and plug arrangement. Three herbicide treatments were studied on upland prairie sites with and without prescribed burning to test effects on leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) control and seeded native establishment. There is no difference native species …

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The Role Of Eutrophication And Sediment Phosphorus Saturation In The Formation Of Harmful Cyanobacterial Blooms, Taylor Young Jan 2020

The Role Of Eutrophication And Sediment Phosphorus Saturation In The Formation Of Harmful Cyanobacterial Blooms, Taylor Young

Natural Resources Management

Harmful cyanobacterial blooms have been a growing concern as global climate change and eutrophication of lakes, rivers, and oceans continually push conditions to favor cyanobacteria over other phytoplankton. Two studies were conducted assessing the impacts of hyper-eutrophication on phytoplankton communities, and phosphorous saturation in the sediments. Excess nutrients available to phytoplankton resulted in dominant cyanobacteria, and predictability of growth, by nutrient limitation, becoming drastically diminished. Sediments were observed to be fully phosphorus saturated, preventing the sequestration of excess phosphorus, and providing a consistent source of phosphorus throughout each season. Extreme saturation of nutrients reduces the predictability of systems and perpetuates …

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Special Issue On The Third Workshop On Biological Mentality, Kenneth A. Augustyn Jan 2020

Special Issue On The Third Workshop On Biological Mentality, Kenneth A. Augustyn

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

The Third Workshop on Biological Mentality was held from September 23, 2019 to March 2, 2020 as a series of twenty-one Monday online conferencing sessions, each consisting of a talk followed by a Q&A discussion. Like the two previous workshops [1, 2], the objective of this workshop was to seek a deeper level of understanding the physical foundations of biological mentality (whether conscious or nonconscious).

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Consciousness As A Factor In Evolution, Kenneth A. Augustyn Jan 2020

Consciousness As A Factor In Evolution, Kenneth A. Augustyn

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

What I call the mind began as a non-conscious robotic biochemical process control system in the very earliest forms of life. As life evolved, problems in control became more difficult and exceeded the computational capabilities of the organisms. Nature discovered a means of transcending computable physical processes resulting in non-computational subjective mental capabilities that, while still not conscious, had a degree of genuine autonomy from the physical world. These autonomous subjective wants and goals now affected the course of (but not the mechanism of) evolution. The integrated amalgam of robotic and transrobotic unconscious capabilities eventually gave rise to consciousness, which …

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Fast Preprocessing For Optimal Orthogonal Range Reporting And Range Successor With Applications To Text Indexing, Younan Gao, Meng He, Yakov Nekrich Jan 2020

Fast Preprocessing For Optimal Orthogonal Range Reporting And Range Successor With Applications To Text Indexing, Younan Gao, Meng He, Yakov Nekrich

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

Under the word RAM model, we design three data structures that can be constructed in O(n√lg n) time over n points in an n×n grid. The first data structure is an O(n lg n)-word structure supporting orthogonal range reporting in O(lg lg n + k) time, where k denotes output size and is an arbitrarily small constant. The second is an O(n lg lg n)-word structure supporting orthogonal range successor in O(lg lg n) time, while the third is an O(n lg n)-word structure supporting sorted range reporting in O(lg lg n + k) time. The query times of these …

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How To Achieve Efficiency And Accuracy In Discrete Element Simulation Of Asphalt Mixture: A Drf-Based Equivalent Model For Asphalt Sand Mortar, Yu Liu, Peifeng Su, Miaomiao Li, Hui Yao, Junfu Liu, Mei Xu, Xiaodong Zhou, Zhanping You Jan 2020

How To Achieve Efficiency And Accuracy In Discrete Element Simulation Of Asphalt Mixture: A Drf-Based Equivalent Model For Asphalt Sand Mortar, Yu Liu, Peifeng Su, Miaomiao Li, Hui Yao, Junfu Liu, Mei Xu, Xiaodong Zhou, Zhanping You

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

The clump-based discrete element model is one of the asphalt mixture simulation methods, which has the potential to not only predict mixture performance but also simulate particle movement during compaction, transporting, and other situations. However, modelling of asphalt sand mortar in this method remains to be a problem due to computing capacity. Larger-sized balls (generally 2.0-2.36 mm) were usually used to model the smaller particles and asphalt binder, but this replacement may result in the mixture's unrealistic volumetric features. More specifically, replacing original elements with equal volume but larger size particles will increase in buck volume and then different particle …

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Influence Of Droplet Velocity, Spacing, And Inter-Arrival Time On Line Formation And Saturation In Binder Jet Additive Manufacturing, Trenton Colton, Nathan B. Crane Jan 2020

Influence Of Droplet Velocity, Spacing, And Inter-Arrival Time On Line Formation And Saturation In Binder Jet Additive Manufacturing, Trenton Colton, Nathan B. Crane

Faculty Publications

Binder Jetting (BJ) is a low-cost Additive Manufacturing (AM) process that uses inkjet technology to selectively bind particles in a powder bed. BJ relies on the ability to control, not only the placement of binder on the surface but also its imbibition into the powder bed. This is a complex process in which picoliter-sized droplets impact powder beds at velocities of 1-10 m/s. However, the effects of printing parameters such as droplet velocity, size, spacing, and inter-arrival time on saturation level (fraction of pore space filled with binder) and line formation (merging of droplets to form a line) are unknown. …

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Homoeologous Recombination-Based Chromosome Engineering For Physical Mapping And Introgression In Wheat And Its Relatives Aegilops Speltoides And Thinopyrum Elongatum, Mingyi Zhang Jan 2020

Homoeologous Recombination-Based Chromosome Engineering For Physical Mapping And Introgression In Wheat And Its Relatives Aegilops Speltoides And Thinopyrum Elongatum, Mingyi Zhang

Plant Sciences

Wheat (genome AABBDD) is one of the essential crops, offering approximate 20% of human calorie consumption worldwide. Allopolyploidization of three diploid ancestors led to hexaploid wheat with narrowed genetic variation. Chromosome engineering is an applicable approach to restore the evolutionarily-omitted genetic diversity by homoeologous chromosomes recombination between wheat and its relatives. Two diploid relatives of wheat, Thinopyrum elongatum (genome EE) and Aegilops speltoides (genome SS), containing favorable genes, are used as gene resources for alien introgression and genome diversification in wheat. An advanced and effective experiment procedure was developed and applied for the production, recovery, detection, and characterization of homoeologous …

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Reinventing High School: Understanding The Challenges And Successes Of Transforming Education To Meet Student, Society, And Industry Needs, Scott R. Bartholomew, Greg J. Strimel, Anne M. Lucietto, Mesut Akdere Jan 2020

Reinventing High School: Understanding The Challenges And Successes Of Transforming Education To Meet Student, Society, And Industry Needs, Scott R. Bartholomew, Greg J. Strimel, Anne M. Lucietto, Mesut Akdere

Faculty Publications

Efforts to revamp existing educational systems and approaches result in various new models in STEM education. Accordingly, a new urban public charter school, located in a Midwest state in the United States, was established in partnership with the state’s land-grant university to create a transformed integrated STEM educational environment characterized by industry-focused and design-based learning to help prepare students for the future of work and learning. This article presents findings from an exploratory study that examined the experiences of teachers and administrative staff of this innovative high school (IHS) during the first year of school operation. A purposive sample of …

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Butterfly Community And Behavioral Responses To Restored Disturbance Regimes, Brooke Karasch Jan 2020

Butterfly Community And Behavioral Responses To Restored Disturbance Regimes, Brooke Karasch

Range Science

Grassland organisms evolved alongside the interaction of fire and grazing, but modern management often decouples these disturbances. In order to analyze the effects of reintroducing this interaction, we implemented four treatments. Two of these treatments were variations of patch-burn grazing, one was modified rest-rotation grazing, and one was season-long grazing. We chose to monitor the butterfly response to these treatments because butterflies have short generations, require a wide variety of resources, and are easily identifiable as adults. We quantified both the butterfly community and the behavioral time budgets of two species. We found that the butterfly community is more species-rich …

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Inspection Of Excited State Properties In Defected Carbon Nanotubes From Multiple Exciton Generation To Defect-Defect Interactions, Braden Michael Weight Jan 2020

Inspection Of Excited State Properties In Defected Carbon Nanotubes From Multiple Exciton Generation To Defect-Defect Interactions, Braden Michael Weight

Physics

Covalent SP3-hybridization defects in single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been prevalent in recent experimental and theoretical studies for their interesting photophysical properties. These systems are able to act as excellent sources of single, infrared photons, even at room temperature, making them marketable for applications to sensing, telecommunications, and quantum information. This work was motivated by recent experimental studies on controllable defect placement and concentration as well as investigating carrier multiplication (CM) using DFT-based many-body perturbation theory (MBPT) methods to describe excitonic relaxation processes. We find that pristine CNTs do not yield appreciable MEG at the minimum threshold of twice the …

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Study Of Organizational Transformation From Socio-Technical Perspective, Md Mahabubur Rahaman Jan 2020

Study Of Organizational Transformation From Socio-Technical Perspective, Md Mahabubur Rahaman

Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering

Organizations are constantly striving for effective and flexible means for managing challenges due to globalization and increasing customer expectations. Many in business community attempted to implement the Toyota Production System, or lean in their organizations to address the challenges. While the intent in many cases were to create a more flexible, effective and efficient organizations that meets the challenges of survival under external and internal pressures. However, the existing body of knowledge on lean is disperse and diverse in nature with respect to the application and implementation of lean tools and practices, making it difficult for researchers and practitioners to …

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Experimental Study Of The Temperature Profile Of A Gaussian Type Heat Distribution, Sunny Prashant Mare Jan 2020

Experimental Study Of The Temperature Profile Of A Gaussian Type Heat Distribution, Sunny Prashant Mare

Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering

In research aimed at studying the laser microwelding of thermoplastic materials, two theoretical heat flow models were studied by Dr. Grewell. In the surface temperature profile based on the Gaussian type distributed heat source model, two peak temperatures were predicted. The purpose of the current project was to develop a controlled test environment to study the surface temperature profile of a thermoplastic material using a Gaussian type heat source and to validate the prediction of the inflection point in the plastic sample. One of the key results of the initial experimentation was the lack of a Gaussian distribution of the …

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Optimization Of Regional Empty Container Supply Chains To Support Future Investment Decisions For Developing Inland Container Terminals, Satpal Singh Wadhwa Jan 2020

Optimization Of Regional Empty Container Supply Chains To Support Future Investment Decisions For Developing Inland Container Terminals, Satpal Singh Wadhwa

Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering

Containerized grain shipping has been increasingly used as a shipment option by U.S. exporters. Continued evolution and investment decisions in optimizing multimodal operations is a key in continued growth for the container transportation alternative. Agriculture is a leading sector in the Midwest economy. Grain production is particularly important to the natural resource-based economy of the upper Midwest. These increasing volumes of grain are being shipped in containers because containers offer opportunities to lower logistics costs and to broaden marketing options. Exporters are put at a competitive disadvantage when they are unable to obtain containers at a reasonable cost. Consequently exporters …

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Using Poetic Language To Restore The American Metropolis By Examining The Difference Between What Is Real And Imaginary, Bradley Nelson Jan 2020

Using Poetic Language To Restore The American Metropolis By Examining The Difference Between What Is Real And Imaginary, Bradley Nelson

Architecture Theses

Public interaction over the years has changed in many ways. Dating back to ancient roman civilization, the public life had been important to the typical man. Spreading and sharing of ideas, exchange of goods, questioning the world, were all topics that had been shared in public space with neighbors and even strangers. Today it would be accurate to state the attributes of a public man/woman have depleted. How can a urbanity encourage a positive public interaction?

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Transfer Of Fhb Resistance Genes Into Hard Red Winter Wheat, Venkata Rao Ganaparthi Jan 2020

Transfer Of Fhb Resistance Genes Into Hard Red Winter Wheat, Venkata Rao Ganaparthi

Plant Sciences

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a serious foliar disease of hard red winter wheat (HRWW) in North Dakota. Disease resistance was identified as major component in disease management. First objective of this study is to transfer resistance QTL, Qfhb.rwg.5A.2 into HRWW germplasm. Second part of this study aims is to confirm FHB resistance of two-triticale-Th. distichum addition lines (W1450 and W1451) and attempt to bring acrocentric addition chromosome in W1450 into common wheat, and characterization of W1423X-3 progeny in search of true breed resistance genotype. Qfhb.rwg-5A.2 is transferred into three different populations, and haplotype consisting of three SNP close to …

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Combining Cover Crops, Strip Tillage, And Novel Mulches To Manage Weeds In Vegetable Cropping Systems, Jesse Jor-El Puka-Beals Jan 2020

Combining Cover Crops, Strip Tillage, And Novel Mulches To Manage Weeds In Vegetable Cropping Systems, Jesse Jor-El Puka-Beals

Plant Sciences

Vegetable producers may benefit from integrating living mulches into their operations to manage weeds and improve soil quality. Living mulches, however, can reduce vegetable yield through competition. Here we investigate strip tilling into living mulches and then direct seeding a vegetable crop in the strip till zone as a production practice to limit competition. We further investigate the use of two surface-applied mulches, a newsprint hydromulch and a compost blanket, for weed control within the strip till zone. In field conditions, living mulches reduced vegetable yield by 49-84% and the use of the newsprint hydromulch and compost blanket reduced weed …

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Comparison Of Pyrolysis Of Live Wildland Fuels Heated By Radiation Vs. Convection, Mohammad-Saeed Safdari, Elham Amini, David R. Weise, Thomas H. Fletcher Jan 2020

Comparison Of Pyrolysis Of Live Wildland Fuels Heated By Radiation Vs. Convection, Mohammad-Saeed Safdari, Elham Amini, David R. Weise, Thomas H. Fletcher

Faculty Publications

During wildland fires, which include both planned (prescribed fire) and unplanned (wildfire) fires, live and dead plants may be subject to both radiative and convective heat transfer mechanisms. In this study, the pyrolysis of 14 live plant species native to the forests of the southern United States was investigated using a flat-flame burner (FFB) apparatus under three heating modes in order to mimic pyrolysis of plants during wildland fires. The heating modes were: (1) radiation-only, where the plants were pyrolyzed under a moderate heating rate of 4 °C s−1 (radiative flux of 50 kW m−2); (2) convection-only, where the FFB …

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Understanding Diversity – Perspectives From University Departments Hosting Large Percentages Of International Students, K. James Hartshorn, Maureen Snow Andrade, Norman W. Evans, Gwyneth Gates Jan 2020

Understanding Diversity – Perspectives From University Departments Hosting Large Percentages Of International Students, K. James Hartshorn, Maureen Snow Andrade, Norman W. Evans, Gwyneth Gates

Faculty Publications

The international student enrollment in some university departments has grown to the point that these students are the majority. This study sought to determine the extent to which departments hosting large numbers of international English as a second language (ESL) students demonstrate awareness and planning to address these learners’ needs. Analyses were conducted in reference to a framework designed to aid institutions in meeting international ESL students’ needs. Findings indicate some awareness of students’ needs and related strategies for linguistic and cultural development. They also demonstrate that the proposed framework could foster more intentional strategies to ensure international student success.

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Empirical Comparison Of Statistical Tests Of Dense Subgraph In Network Data, Caleb Joseph Fornshell Jan 2020

Empirical Comparison Of Statistical Tests Of Dense Subgraph In Network Data, Caleb Joseph Fornshell

Statistics

Network analysis is useful in modeling the structures of different phenomena. A fundamental question in the analysis of network data is whether a network contains community structure. One type of community structure of interest is a dense subgraph. Statistically deciding whether a network contains a dense subgraph can be formulated as a hypothesis test where under the null hypothesis, there is no community structure, and under the alternative hypothesis, the network contains a dense subgraph. One method in performing this hypothesis test is by counting the frequency of shapes created by all three-node subgraphs. In this study, three different test …

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Survival Analysis Of Treatment Effect For Brain Cancer Based On The Surveillance, Epidemiology, And End Results Database, Madison Jane Mathiason Jan 2020

Survival Analysis Of Treatment Effect For Brain Cancer Based On The Surveillance, Epidemiology, And End Results Database, Madison Jane Mathiason

Statistics

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data from the National Cancer Institute is a population based cancer registry, which geographically covers 34.6% of the US population. The SEER database was used to model surivial time for 21,524 patients with primary malignant brain tumors. The Kaplan-Meier surivial curves and the logrank test were used to compare the effect of treatment in each grade. The Cox Proportional Hazard Model was used to show the simultaneous effect of treatment, sex, and age on the risk of death for patients …

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Use Agreements And Economic Performance Of U.S. Airports, Fecri Karanki Jan 2020

Use Agreements And Economic Performance Of U.S. Airports, Fecri Karanki

Transportation Logistics and Finance

In the U.S., airport use agreements are developed based on three common rate-setting approaches: the residual, compensatory, and hybrid methods. Under a residual agreement, the financial risk of the host airport is borne by the signatory airlines, and in return, the signatory airlines pay reduced user fees. Under a compensatory agreement, however, the airport bears its own financial risks and offers no reduced user fees to airlines. A hybrid agreement combines the features of residual and compensatory agreements. Under a hybrid agreement, the airport usually bears its own financial risks in terminal operations while the signatory airlines take over the …

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A Market Incentives Analysis Of Sustainable Biomass Bioethanol Supply Chains With Carbon Policies, Seyed Ali Haji Esmaeili Jan 2020

A Market Incentives Analysis Of Sustainable Biomass Bioethanol Supply Chains With Carbon Policies, Seyed Ali Haji Esmaeili

Transportation Logistics and Finance

Given the increasing demand for energy, climate change, and environmental concern of fossil fuels, it is becoming increasingly significant to find alternative renewable energy sources. Bioethanol as one sort of cellulosic biofuel produced from lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks has shown great potential as a renewable resource. Delivering a competitive, sustainable biofuel product requires comprehensive supply chain planning and design. Developing economically and environmentally optimal supply chain models is necessary in this context. Also, designing biomass bioethanol supply chain (BBSC) models addressing social issues requires using second-generation biomass which is not a source of food for humans. Currently, corn as a first-generation …

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Impact Of Public Transit And Walkability On Quality Of Life And Equity Analysis In Terms Of Access To Non-Work Amenities In The United States, Muhammad Asif Khan Jan 2020

Impact Of Public Transit And Walkability On Quality Of Life And Equity Analysis In Terms Of Access To Non-Work Amenities In The United States, Muhammad Asif Khan

Transportation Logistics and Finance

The past literature suggest that transportation can impact quality of life (QOL) both directly and indirectly. The first part of this dissertation attempted to comprehensively evaluate the impact of transportation (specifically public transit, and walkability) along with physical built environment, and sociodemographic indicators on community QOL, and overall life satisfaction (OLS) of an individual living in his community. The study used an advanced technique of structural equation modeling (SEM) to evaluate the impact of these factors on community QOL and individual’s OLS. The study results revealed that physical built environment, public transit need for a community, perceived public transit importance …

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Orem [Utah]: Pioneering On The Provo Bench, Jay H. Buckley Jan 2020

Orem [Utah]: Pioneering On The Provo Bench, Jay H. Buckley

Faculty Publications

The Timpanogos Indians--the original inhabitants of Utah Valley--lived in villages along the Timpanogos (Provo) River and the shores of Timpanogos (Utah) Lake. But they regularly climbed the nearby bench--a large delta shaped by ancient wave action as Lake Bonneville began to drain. Although the rocky sagebrush-covered bench was not suitable for cultivation since it had no natural streams, the Timpanogos went there to find crickets and rodents or to hunt the antelope, deer, elk, and bison that grazed freely throughout the foothills, benches, and floors of the valley.

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Automated Phonetic Transcription Grading Tool (Aptgt), Marisha Speights Atkins, Dallin J. Bailey, Cheryl D. Seals, Guorui Li, Robertson Bassy, Yang Cao, Sicheng Li, Bennett Abigail Jan 2020

Automated Phonetic Transcription Grading Tool (Aptgt), Marisha Speights Atkins, Dallin J. Bailey, Cheryl D. Seals, Guorui Li, Robertson Bassy, Yang Cao, Sicheng Li, Bennett Abigail

Faculty Publications

The Automated Phonetic Transcription Grading Tool (APTgt) is an online Learning Management System (LMS) that facilitates the comparison of phonetic transcriptions for instruction and clinical training purposes. It uses an embedded IPA graphical keyboard for transcription input. A custom edit distance algorithm aligns transcriptions in an intuitive way and then calculates differences quantitatively. This allows for objective scoring of transcriptions of even severely impaired productions, which may be difficult to score via traditional comparison methods. APTgt also includes support for comparing narrow phonetic transcriptions with diacritics. Contact the Technologies for Speech Language Pathology Research Lab at [email protected] for registration information.

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Opioids: Implementation Of Opioid Prescribing Education And Policy In A Primary Care Center, Jaclin Dee Seeberg Jan 2020

Opioids: Implementation Of Opioid Prescribing Education And Policy In A Primary Care Center, Jaclin Dee Seeberg

Nursing

Many healthcare providers report not feeling confident when prescribing opioids, which represents an educational gap in the clinical setting that must be addressed to improve patient care and outcomes (Dowell, Haegerich, & Chou, 2016b). Healthcare providers attribute this lack of confidence in opioid prescribing to insufficient training on the tools provided to them to ensure safe prescribing habits. Thus, healthcare providers do not feel confident in managing patients’ chronic pain. A healthcare provider’s time spent with their patient is limited and therefore, needs to be utilized efficiently. In order to achieve effective time management, healthcare providers need to be experts …

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The Effect Of Relationship-Building Programs On The Resilience Of Women In Agriculture, Robert Bertsch Jan 2020

The Effect Of Relationship-Building Programs On The Resilience Of Women In Agriculture, Robert Bertsch

Education

The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between participation in relationship-building programs and online social groups, and the individual resilience of women in agriculture in the United States. Women have demonstrated a unique ability to connect farms and ranches with social resources, drive change and adaptation in agriculture, facilitate farm and ranch succession, and build community after a disaster. The capacity of agriculture and rural communities to adapt in the face of significant adversity depends on those unique abilities. Improving the resilience in women in agriculture is critical to the overall resilience of rural America. Unfortunately, most …

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Perspectives On Adoption Of Research And Education Network Technologies: A Q Methodological Study, Kim Owen Jan 2020

Perspectives On Adoption Of Research And Education Network Technologies: A Q Methodological Study, Kim Owen

Education

The critical need for access to network technology resources supporting advanced tools of academics and research is evident across disciplines and locations around the world. As research conducted by and in partnership with higher education institutions continues to increase in demand, it is incumbent on institutions to ensure the resources for this work are available as standard features for their faculty and students. The purpose of this study was to identify opinions of end users on the challenges to adoption of research and education (R&E) network resources at their local higher education institutions. The intent is to inform the R&E …

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