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2020

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Antioxidant And Antiaging Assays Of Ageratum Conyzoides (L.) Ethanolic Extract, Afifah B. Sutjiatmo, Novi Edriayani, Tira Endang Mulyasari, Faizal Hermanto, M. Fahrauk, Elin Y. Sukandar, Hanna Sari Widya Kusuma, Rizal Rizal, Wahyu Widowati Dec 2020

Antioxidant And Antiaging Assays Of Ageratum Conyzoides (L.) Ethanolic Extract, Afifah B. Sutjiatmo, Novi Edriayani, Tira Endang Mulyasari, Faizal Hermanto, M. Fahrauk, Elin Y. Sukandar, Hanna Sari Widya Kusuma, Rizal Rizal, Wahyu Widowati

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

The declining ability of tissues to repair or replace themselves and maintain their structure and normal function is called aging. Aging is caused by free radical that can induce the activation of elastase and collagenase. Ageratum conyzoides (L.) or known as Babadotan is a medicinal plant that has been reported to be a good source of antioxidants that also inhibit aging process. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the antioxidant and antiaging properties of Babadotan Ethanolic Extract (BEE). Franswoth method was used to determine the phytochemical assay of BEE. Measurement of 2,2-diphenyl 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenger was used for …

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Removal Of Mimosine From Leucaena Leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit Seeds To Increase Their Benefits As Nutraceuticals, Sri Wardatun, Yahdiana Harahap, Abdul Mun'im, Fadlina Chany Saputri Dr., Noorwati Sutandyo Dec 2020

Removal Of Mimosine From Leucaena Leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit Seeds To Increase Their Benefits As Nutraceuticals, Sri Wardatun, Yahdiana Harahap, Abdul Mun'im, Fadlina Chany Saputri Dr., Noorwati Sutandyo

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

The Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit tree contains pharmacologically active compounds and can easily be found in abundant quantities. The utilization of this tree as a source of nutraceuticals would increase its value. The extraction yields show the number of compounds that have been extracted by solvent. However, Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit seeds also contain mimosine, which can cause hair loss. The present study investigated the process of removing mimosine from the seeds. Three treatments were applied to these seeds: treatment without soaking, soaking with distilled water for 24 hours, and splitting the seeds in half and then soaking …

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Peningkatan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Melalui Penggunaan Model Teams Games Tournaments, Ady Saputra, Sri Untari, Alif Mudiono Dec 2020

Peningkatan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Melalui Penggunaan Model Teams Games Tournaments, Ady Saputra, Sri Untari, Alif Mudiono

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

This study aimed to describe the application of cooperative learning Teams Games Tournament to enhance the critical thinking skills of students in class V SDN Tlekung 1 Batu. This research is a classroom action research are conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consists of two meetings. Data was collected through observation implementation learning and critical thinking skills of students. The results showed that an increase in the average percentage implementation Teams Games Tournaments learning model by teachers from the first cycle to the second cycle is from 77% to 88% and the average percentage implementation result of learning by students …

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Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Berbasis Pendidikan Matematika Realistik Indonesia (Pmri) Untuk Mendukung Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Operasi Hitung Pecahan, Ahyansyah Ahyansyah, Cholis Sa’Dijah, Abd. Qohar Dec 2020

Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Berbasis Pendidikan Matematika Realistik Indonesia (Pmri) Untuk Mendukung Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Operasi Hitung Pecahan, Ahyansyah Ahyansyah, Cholis Sa’Dijah, Abd. Qohar

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

This research and development was aimed to produce teacing materials supporting the process of learning mathematics based on Indonesian realistic mathematics education (PMRI) to support the mathematical problem solving skills of fraction counting operations that meet valid and practical criteria. This research and development uses Plomp Model which three steps namely (1) preliminary research, (2) prototype phase, (3) assessment. The results show that the validity test results of teaching materials have met the valid criteria with a percentage of 83.7%. Meanwhile, the practical test results of teaching materials meet very practical criteria with a percentage of 90.2%.

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Penggunaan E-Wallet Dalam Membentuk Perilaku Konsumsi Mahasiswa, Andika Nikita Sari, Sri Umi Mintarti, Sugeng Hadi Utomo Dec 2020

Penggunaan E-Wallet Dalam Membentuk Perilaku Konsumsi Mahasiswa, Andika Nikita Sari, Sri Umi Mintarti, Sugeng Hadi Utomo

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

The reasearch is to analyze the consumption behavior of students of the Department Development Economics batch 2018 Universitas Negeri Malang who used e-wallet type linkaja and was conducted by using qualitative approach of phenomenology, since researcher analyzed deeply of the use e-wallet in shaping the consumption behavior of students. Research informants was active students majoring in Development Economics batch 2018. The results showed that, overall the use of e-wallet linkaja by students formed rational consumption behavior. The results of the study were reviewed from the intensity of e-wallet use, TAM acceptance, student consumption strategies in terms of financial management, consumption …

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Feedback’S Effect On Budgetary Slack And Self-Efficacy As Moderation Variable, Aryani Intan Endah Rahmawati, Supriyadi , Dec 2020

Feedback’S Effect On Budgetary Slack And Self-Efficacy As Moderation Variable, Aryani Intan Endah Rahmawati, Supriyadi ,

Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan Indonesia

This study aimed to examine the effect of positive and negative feedback on budgetary slack and the interaction between feedback and self-efficacy on budgetary slack under a condition of information asymmetry. Preliminary researches have tested various ways of mitigating budgetary slack practices, which did not separate the effects of positive and negative feedback. This study hypothesized that positive feedback minimizes the potential for budgetary slack under conditions of information asymmetry—and vice versa. Additionally, high self-efficacy reinforces positive feedback in reducing budgetary slack under conditions of information asymmetry—and vice versa. By employing experimental data, this study documented the results that positive …

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Incident Duration Time Prediction Using A Supervised Topic Modeling Method, Jihyun Park Dec 2020

Incident Duration Time Prediction Using A Supervised Topic Modeling Method, Jihyun Park

Theses

Precisely predicting the duration time of an incident is one of the most prominent components to implement proactive management strategies for traffic congestions caused by an incident. This thesis presents a novel method to predict incident duration time in a timely manner by using an emerging supervised topic modeling method. Based on Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques, this thesis performs semantic text analyses with text-based incident dataset to train the model. The model is trained with actual 1,466 incident records collected by Korea Expressway Corporation from 2016-2019 by applying a Labeled Latent Dirichlet Allocation(L-LDA) approach. For the training, this thesis …

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Essay: Forks In The Road, Michael P. Vandenbergh, Jonathan M. Gilligan Dec 2020

Essay: Forks In The Road, Michael P. Vandenbergh, Jonathan M. Gilligan

Duke Environmental Law & Policy Forum

This Essay outlines a simple heuristic that will enable public and private policymakers to focus on the most important climate change mitigation strategies. Policymakers face a dizzying array of information, pressure from advocacy groups, and policy options, and it is easy to lose sight of the forest for the trees. Many policy options are attractive on the surface but either fail to meaningfully address the problem or are unlikely to be adopted in the foreseeable future. If policymakers make the right decision when confronting three essential choices or forks in the road, though, the result will be 60% to 70% …

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The Hallmarks Of A Good Test: A Proposal For Applying The "Functional Equivalent" Rule From County Of Maui V. Hawaii Wildlife Fund, Damien M. Schiff, Glenn E. Roper Dec 2020

The Hallmarks Of A Good Test: A Proposal For Applying The "Functional Equivalent" Rule From County Of Maui V. Hawaii Wildlife Fund, Damien M. Schiff, Glenn E. Roper

Pace Environmental Law Review

The Clean Water Act generally requires a federal permit for the discharge of pollutants “from any point source” to navigable waters. It is undisputed that permits are required for discharges of pollutants from point sources that proceed “directly” to regulated waters. But there is much disagreement over the extent to which indirect point-source discharges are regulated. In an attempt to clarify, the United States Supreme Court in County of Maui v. Hawaii Wildlife Fund ruled that permits are required not just for direct point-source discharges, but also for any point-source discharge that is the “functional equivalent” of a direct point-source …

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Therapeutics Development For Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum And Related Ectopic Mineralization Disorders: Update 2020., Hongbin Luo, Qiaoli Li, Yi Cao, Jouni Uitto Dec 2020

Therapeutics Development For Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum And Related Ectopic Mineralization Disorders: Update 2020., Hongbin Luo, Qiaoli Li, Yi Cao, Jouni Uitto

Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Faculty Papers

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), the prototype of heritable ectopic mineralization disorders, manifests with deposition of calcium hydroxyapatite crystals in the skin, eyes and arterial blood vessels. This autosomal recessive disorder, due to mutations in ABCC6, is usually diagnosed around the second decade of life. In the spectrum of heritable ectopic mineralization disorders are also generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI), with extremely severe arterial calcification diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound or perinatally, and arterial calcification due to CD73 deficiency (ACDC) manifesting with arterial and juxta-articular mineralization in the elderly; the latter disorders are caused by mutations in ENPP1 and NT5E, respectively. The …

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Neural Networks On An Fpga And The Exploration Of Hardware Friendly Activation Functions, Jiong Si, Sarah L. Harris, Evangelos Yfantis Dec 2020

Neural Networks On An Fpga And The Exploration Of Hardware Friendly Activation Functions, Jiong Si, Sarah L. Harris, Evangelos Yfantis

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Research

This paper describes our implementation of several neural networks built on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) and used to recognize a handwritten digit dataset—the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) database. We also propose a novel hardware-friendly activation function called the dynamic Rectifid Linear Unit (ReLU)—D-ReLU function that achieves higher performance than traditional activation functions at no cost to accuracy. We built a 2-layer online training multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network on an FPGA with varying data width. Reducing the data width from 8 to 4 bits only reduces prediction accuracy by 11%, but the FPGA area …

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Red Scare Or Red Herring: How The “China Initiative” Strategy For Non-Traditional Collectors Is Stifling Innovation In The United States, Bianca Tillman Dec 2020

Red Scare Or Red Herring: How The “China Initiative” Strategy For Non-Traditional Collectors Is Stifling Innovation In The United States, Bianca Tillman

Seattle Journal of Technology, Environmental, & Innovation Law

In 2018, the U.S. Department of Justice launched the “China Initiative” in response to the growing economic and national security threat posed by China. The China Initiative is a sweeping federal plan designed, in part, to protect the United States’ status as a leader in global innovation and scientific discourse. The U.S. is justified in its concern over China’s unfair practices to achieve military, technological, and economic prominence. While U.S. and Chinese intelligence agencies have spied on each other for decades, China has increased both the scope and the sophistication of its efforts to steal secrets from the U.S. in …

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The “Green Patent Paradox” And Fair Use: The Intellectual Property Solution To Fight Climate Change, Samuel Cayton Dec 2020

The “Green Patent Paradox” And Fair Use: The Intellectual Property Solution To Fight Climate Change, Samuel Cayton

Seattle Journal of Technology, Environmental, & Innovation Law

As the climate crisis consistently worsens, the United States’ response to the crisis has proven inconsistent. Even with the United States likely to recommit to the Paris Climate Agreement, political tensions will likely further delay a climate response. The polarized characterization of the Green New Deal, the inaction of scientifically misguided conservatives, and the incessant proposal for middle ground approaches lacking the urgency needed to change course all contribute to this delay. While swift action from the federal government is needed, looking to the private sector to transition to sustainability is equally important. Specifically, patent protection is a strong intellectual …

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Analisis Profil Pemahaman Dan Ketertarikan Mahasiswa Biologi Pada Stem Education, Eka Kurniati, Hadi Suwono, Ibrohim Ibrohim Dec 2020

Analisis Profil Pemahaman Dan Ketertarikan Mahasiswa Biologi Pada Stem Education, Eka Kurniati, Hadi Suwono, Ibrohim Ibrohim

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

STEM Education is currently attracting the attention of many parties including biology students to apply in the classroom. Students' understanding and interest in STEM Education are two basic things to support the successful implementation of STEM Education. Nevertheless, studies on student profiles related to the understanding and interest of STEM Education especially in biology students are still difficult to find. The objectives of this article was to investigate the profile of understanding and interest in STEM, which was analyzed in a descriptive quantitative manner by conducting a survey of 42 masters in biology education. The findings indicate that biology students …

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Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Siswa Berbasis Problem Based Learning Berbantuan Papan Lipat Untuk Mendukung Pemahaman Konsep Pecahan Siswa Kelas Iv, Nita Retno Wahyuningati, Cholis Sa’Dijah, Sa’Dun Akbar Dec 2020

Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Siswa Berbasis Problem Based Learning Berbantuan Papan Lipat Untuk Mendukung Pemahaman Konsep Pecahan Siswa Kelas Iv, Nita Retno Wahyuningati, Cholis Sa’Dijah, Sa’Dun Akbar

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

The purpose of the Research and Development is to Lembar Kerja Siswa a valid, practical, effective worksheet about fractions for elementary school students. Based on the assessment of the material experts, media experts, and users of both teachers and students can be obtained the following information. First, the development of PBL-based worksheet has fulfilled the valid criteria of 85%. Second, it fulfills practical criteria with an average overall response of teacher and student questionnaires of 87%. Third, it has fulfilled the effective criteria with an overall teacher and student response questionnaire of 87%. The results showed that the development of …

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Media Sistem Peredaran Darah Hewan Dan Manusia Dilengkapi Augmented Reality Kelas V Sekolah Dasar, Leny Suryaning Astutik, Markus Diantoro, Sentot Kusairi Dec 2020

Media Sistem Peredaran Darah Hewan Dan Manusia Dilengkapi Augmented Reality Kelas V Sekolah Dasar, Leny Suryaning Astutik, Markus Diantoro, Sentot Kusairi

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

The circulatory system and animals are important materials to learn in elementary school. The purpose of this study is to produce SIPERDA media equipped with augmented reality for the fifth grade of Malang Regency Primary School which is effective, valid, and practical. The development of SIPERDA uses the ADDIE model. The results showed the average for validity from media experts, material experts, and learning experts was 87.2% with the category "Very Valid". Practicality gained from small-scale student responses, small-scale teacher responses, large-scale student responses, large-scale teacher responses by 88% with the category "Very Practical". Whereas the effectiveness is obtained from …

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Are We Reversing The Trend In Waste Generation: Panel Data Analyses Of Municipal Waste Generation In Regard To The Socio-Economic Factors In European Countries, Predrag Korica, Andreja Cirman, Andreja Žgajnar Gotvajn Dec 2020

Are We Reversing The Trend In Waste Generation: Panel Data Analyses Of Municipal Waste Generation In Regard To The Socio-Economic Factors In European Countries, Predrag Korica, Andreja Cirman, Andreja Žgajnar Gotvajn

Economic and Business Review

The purpose of this research is to investigate whether there is a decline in the amounts of generated municipal waste that is influenced by the changes which cannot be attributed to the changes in the socio-economic variables and can therefore be ascribed to a changing behaviour and the effectiveness of the policies implemented with the aim of preventing generation of waste. The analyses in this paper cover the data of 30 European countries in the period 2002–2015. The method applied is the panel data analysis of the data on seven socio-economic variables by using both the fixed-effect and the random-effects …

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Deconvolution Of Mono-Energetic And Multi-Lines Gamma-Ray Spectra Obtained With Nai(Tl) Scintillation Detectors Using Direct Matrix Inversion Method, Mwingereza John Kumwenda Dr Dec 2020

Deconvolution Of Mono-Energetic And Multi-Lines Gamma-Ray Spectra Obtained With Nai(Tl) Scintillation Detectors Using Direct Matrix Inversion Method, Mwingereza John Kumwenda Dr

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Performance of a NaI(Tl) scintillation detector based on the gamma-ray spectroscopy system is not satisfactory in retaining its original peak (which is delta like function) of various gamma ray spectrum. The method of achieving precise peak for the various gamma ray was conducted by converting the observed pulse-height distribution of the NaI(Tl) detector to a true photon spectrum. This method is obtained experimentally with the help of an inverse matrix deconvolution method. The method is based on response matrix generated by the Monte Carlo simulation based on Geant4 package of mono-energy gamma-ray photon ranging from 0.050 to 2.04 MeV in …

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Comparative Analysis Of Multiplicative And Additive Noise Based Automated Regularizations In Non-Linear Diffusion Image Reconstruction, Chiza Christophe Dec 2020

Comparative Analysis Of Multiplicative And Additive Noise Based Automated Regularizations In Non-Linear Diffusion Image Reconstruction, Chiza Christophe

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Multiplicative and additive noises are often introduced in image signals during the image acquisition process and result into degradation of image features. The work done by Perona and Malik in 1990 and its modified versions revolutionized the way through which noises or speckles are removed. The Perona-Malik model requires tuning of the regularization parameter to control and prevent staircase artifacts in restored images. The current manual tuning is a challenging and time consuming practice when a long queue of images is registered for processing. Attempt to automate the regularization parameter appeared in Perona-Malik model with self-adjusting shape-defining constant. Although both …

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Assessment Of The Performance Of Grinding Circuit For Buzwagi Gold Mine, Alphonce Wikedzi Dec 2020

Assessment Of The Performance Of Grinding Circuit For Buzwagi Gold Mine, Alphonce Wikedzi

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

It had been reported by the management of Buzwagi Gold Mine (BGM) that grinding circuit was designed to produce final product size of 125 μm, which had not been achieved for a long period of time under both, low to normal (i.e. 450-600 t/h) and high (i.e. > 650 t/h) throughputs. Also, the performance behaviour of the circuit had not been reviewed after long time of operation. Hence, an evaluation study was conducted in order to recommend improvement in mine operations. The study was realized through three circuit survey campaigns and laboratory experimentations. From the surveys, size distributions and solids contents …

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Fermentability Of Concentrated Sulfuric Acid Hydrolyzates From Aspenwood And Pinewood, Kando Janga Dec 2020

Fermentability Of Concentrated Sulfuric Acid Hydrolyzates From Aspenwood And Pinewood, Kando Janga

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The fermentability of hydrolyzates derived from two-stage concentrated sulfuric acid hydrolysis of Trembling aspen (Populus tremula) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) were investigated. Three types of hydrolyzates were produced at mild, moderate and high decrystallization severity conditions. Portions of each of the original hydrolyzates were concentrated by vacuum evaporation to increase the sugar fraction to simulate industrial applications. Both sets of hydrolyzates were fermented anaerobically using Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 96581. After 23 hours of fermentation, complete glucose consumption was observed for all the original hydrolyzates, with no signs of inhibition. The ethanol yields from these hydrolyzates ranged from 68% to …

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Analysis Of Performance Characteristics Predicted From Several Experimental Data And Conversion Methods For Pumps As Turbine Application Using Statistical Techniques, Ombeni J. Mdee Dec 2020

Analysis Of Performance Characteristics Predicted From Several Experimental Data And Conversion Methods For Pumps As Turbine Application Using Statistical Techniques, Ombeni J. Mdee

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Different performance characteristics have been indicated when running centrifugal pumps in the reverse direction. The water flows from the discharge side of the pump to the suction side to run in the reverse direction and generate the mechanical rotational energy for the micro-hydropower plant. The current study evaluates the extent of variation of performance characteristics predicted by several experimental data from different pump-specific speeds and conversion methods. The performance characteristics discussed include the head, flow rate, efficiency and specific speed. The flow rate and head of a pump operating in pump mode divided with the characteristic of the pump operating …

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Potential For Increased Rural Electrification Rate In Sub-Saharan Africa Using Swer Power Distribution Networks, Aviti Thadei Mushi Dec 2020

Potential For Increased Rural Electrification Rate In Sub-Saharan Africa Using Swer Power Distribution Networks, Aviti Thadei Mushi

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Rural electrification rate (RER) in Africa is still low to date. Several countries in Sub-Saharan Africa have tried to address this problem using conventional single phase two-wire or three-phase three-wire systems, however at large costs due to the nature of dispersed rural load centres, low load demand, and low population density. Another solution of off-grid generation creates associated health problems. Therefore, this paper undertakes a review of a single wire earth return (SWER) network as a RER improvement solution. The paper undertakes intensive literature review to elucidate challenges and solutions to the implementation of SWER technology. Advantages of SWER technology …

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Wind Power Integration And Its Impact On Power Quality-A Didactic Approach, Santos Kihwele Dr Dec 2020

Wind Power Integration And Its Impact On Power Quality-A Didactic Approach, Santos Kihwele Dr

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

This paper presents a model of a wind power system integrated with realistic power system, with intention of using it in addressing power quality issues in relations to grid codes during steady-state operation transient-state operation i.e., presence of grid fault events. For that case, a didactic approach of the normal performance of power systems due to the connection of fixed-speed wind turbine with induction generators is used. A study of integrating wind farms will be presented, including the incidence of high inrush current due to switching capacitor banks, out-rush current and voltage sags due to nearby three phase faults. As …

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Blockchain Futures In Cryptocurrencies, Trade And Finance: A Preliminary Assessment, Ahmet Faruk Aysan, Behar Sadriu, Humeyra Topuz Dec 2020

Blockchain Futures In Cryptocurrencies, Trade And Finance: A Preliminary Assessment, Ahmet Faruk Aysan, Behar Sadriu, Humeyra Topuz

Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking

The study explores whether blockchain technology can change the paradigm of the current financial structure and the balance of power in the international financial system. Accordingly, this study reviews the development of blockchain technology by analyzing China and Venezuela, both of which struggle to harness their technological advancement and to enhance their power in the international realm. We found that Venezuela invests in blockchain technology to create an alternative payment structure for survivability, while China’s desire is to become a global leader in global blockchain technology.

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Commodity Price And Inflation Dynamics: Evidence From Brics, Syed Aun R. Rizvi, Sahminan Sahminan Dec 2020

Commodity Price And Inflation Dynamics: Evidence From Brics, Syed Aun R. Rizvi, Sahminan Sahminan

Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking

In this study, we use a commodity augmented Phillips curve to investigate the impact of global commodity prices on domestic inflation in Brazil, Russia, India, Indonesia, China, and South Africa. Oil and energy prices cause inflationary pressures in all countries, except Russia, where they cause deflationary pressures. In Indiaand Indonesia, global food prices are highly significant and positively related to inflation, while in South Africa precious metal prices impact inflation negatively. For policymakers, this study provides insights on the domestic adjustments required for inflation targeting in response to global commodity price volatility.

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The Nexus Among Employment, Productivity And Trade Openness: Evidence From Brics And Indonesia, Badri Narayan Rath, Masagus M. Ridhwan Dec 2020

The Nexus Among Employment, Productivity And Trade Openness: Evidence From Brics And Indonesia, Badri Narayan Rath, Masagus M. Ridhwan

Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking

This paper investigates the nexus among employment, labor productivity and trade openness in Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa (BRICS), and Indonesia using annual data (1991–2018). The results suggest a long-run relationship among the variables but only in the agricultural sector of these economies. We also find a unidirectional causality running from employment to productivity in only the agricultural sector. Similarly, trade openness also Granger causes employment. Our final result indicates that trade openness positively influences labor productivity in the long-run. From a policy perspective, it is imperative for BRICS and Indonesia to target employment generation by promoting trade openness.

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Effects Of Leaching On The Reclamation Of Saline Soils As Affected By Different Organic And Inorganic Amendments, Sajal Roy, Nasrin Chowdhury Dec 2020

Effects Of Leaching On The Reclamation Of Saline Soils As Affected By Different Organic And Inorganic Amendments, Sajal Roy, Nasrin Chowdhury

Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development

Soil salinity, which poses one of the greatest threats to sustainable crop production worldwide, can be ameliorated through various approaches, such as leaching, mulching, and amendment application. The effects of leaching and amendments on saline soil reclamation have been studied separately, but their interaction is poorly elucidated. Therefore, a column experiment was designed with soils that were subjected to leaching with 2 and 4 pore volume (PV) of water and compared with non-leached soils (NLS) to observe the effects of leaching on saline soil and leachate characteristics under different organic (vermicompost [VC] and wood ash [WA]) and inorganic (zeolite) amendments …

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A Step Closer: Economic Integration And The African Continental Free Trade Area, Nsongurua J. Udombana Dec 2020

A Step Closer: Economic Integration And The African Continental Free Trade Area, Nsongurua J. Udombana

Duke Journal of Comparative & International Law

Post-colonial Africa views economic integration as an endogenous means for attaining self-reliant, sustainable development. Working under various regional and sub-regional economic institutions, states elaborated several norms in search of legitimacy in economic competence. However, several political and economic pathogens, including weak institutions, have blighted those efforts. This paper interrogates the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA or CFTA), which is the latest attempt to reboot the integration drive and achieve sustainable development. The CFTA seeks to create a geographic zone where goods and services will move freely among member states by removing trade distortions and boosting factor mobility, competition, and …

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Data Governance And The Elasticity Of Sovereignty, Roxana Vatanparast Dec 2020

Data Governance And The Elasticity Of Sovereignty, Roxana Vatanparast

Brooklyn Journal of International Law

Traditionally, the world map and territorially bounded spaces have dominated the ways in which we imagine how states govern, make laws, and exercise their authority. Under this conception, reflected in traditional international law principles of territorial sovereignty, each state would have exclusive authority to govern and make laws over everything concerning the land within its borders. Yet developments like the proliferation of data flows, which are based on divisible, mobile, and interconnected components of data, are not territorially bounded. This presents a challenge to the traditional bases for territorial sovereignty and jurisdiction under international law, which some scholars claim is …

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