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Multi-Ancestry Genome-Wide Association Study Accounting For Gene-Psychosocial Factor Interactions Identifies Novel Loci For Blood Pressure Traits, Daokun Sun, Melissa A. Richard, Soloman K. Musani, Yun Ju Sung, Thomas W. Winkler, Karen Schwander, Jin Fang Chai, Xiuqing Guo, Tuomas O. Kilpeläinen, Dina Vojinovic, Hugues Aschard, Traci M. Bartz, Lawrence F. Bielak, Michael R. Brown, Kumaraswamy Chitrala, Fernando P. Hartwig, Andrea R. V. R. Horimoto, Yongmei Liu, Alisa K. Manning, Raymond Noordam, Donna K. Arnett

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Psychological and social factors are known to influence blood pressure (BP) and risk of hypertension and associated cardiovascular diseases. To identify novel BP loci, we carried out genome-wide association meta-analyses of systolic, diastolic, pulse, and mean arterial BP, taking into account the interaction effects of genetic variants with three psychosocial factors: depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and social support. Analyses were performed using a two-stage design in a sample of up to 128,894 adults from five ancestry groups. In the combined meta-analyses of stages 1 and 2, we identified 59 loci (p value < 5e−8), including nine novel BP loci. The novel associations were observed mostly with pulse pressure, with fewer observed with mean arterial pressure. Five novel loci were identified in African ancestry, and all but one showed patterns of interaction with at least one psychosocial factor. Functional annotation of the novel loci supports a major role for genes implicated in the immune response (PLCL2), synaptic function and neurotransmission (LIN7A …

Effectiveness Of Self-Regulated Learning Intervention Program In Forethought Phase Of A School Underachiever, Eunike Karina Nadine Matitaputty, Farida Kurniawati

Psychological Research on Urban Society

When someone fails to achieve their potential, it is called underachievement. This phenomenon is predominantly observed for adolescent, particularly during the transition to middle school. This finding is observed because they are obligated to adapt to many internal and external changes. Several studies have confirmed that underachievement is caused by poor self-regulated learning skills. In this study, researchers adapted the Self-Regulation Empowerment Program (SREP) to help middle school student improve their self-regulation skills in learning. This program focuses on increasing the knowledge (cognitive domain) on self-regulated learning at the forethought phase by the means of SREP. This research adopts a …

Molybdenum Induces Growth, Yield, And Defence System Mechanisms Of The Mung Bean (Vigna Radiata L.) Under Water Stress Conditions, Nahlaa Jamal Hussain Hayyawi, Mohammed H. Al-Issawi, Abdullah A. Alrajhi, Hanady Al-Shmgani, Hail Rihan

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Water stress has a negative impact on the yield and growth of crops worldwide and consequently has a global impact on food security. Many biochemical changes occur in plants as a response to water stress, such as activation of antioxidant systems. Molybdenum (Mo) plays an important part in activating the expression of many enzymes, such as CAT, POD, and SOD, as well as increasing the proline content. Mo therefore supports the defence system in plants and plays an important role in the defence system of mung bean plants growing under water stress conditions. Four concentrations of Mo (0, 15, 30, …

Prognostic Value Of Hla-I Homozygosity In Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Single Agent Immunotherapy, Afaf Abed, Leslie Calapre, Johnny Lo, Suzana Correia, Samantha Bowyer, Abha Chopra, Mark Watson, Muhammad A. Khattak, Michael Millward, Elin Solomonovna Gray

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background We aimed to assess the impact of genomic human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-I/II homozygosity on the survival benefit of patients with unresectable locally advanced, metastatic non-small lung cancer treated by single-agent programmed cell death protein-1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD1/PDL1) inhibitors.

Methods We collected blood from 170 patients with advanced lung cancer treated with immunotherapy at two major oncology centers in Western Australia. Genomic DNA was extracted from white blood cells and used for HLA-I/II high-resolution typing. HLA-I/II homozygosity was tested for association with survival outcomes. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression models were constructed to determine whether HLA homozygosity was an …

Assessment Of Genetic Diversity Of The Wild Rice (Oryza Longistaminata) Populations In Tanzania Using Microsatellite Markers, Hashim M. Mangosongo, Emerald E. Mneney, Jagger Harvey, Martina Kyallo

Tanzania Journal of Science

The genetic diversity of 132 samples of the perennial wild rice (Oryza longistaminata) populations from selected districts (Bagamoyo, Kibaha, Kilombero and Mbarali) in Tanzania was evaluated using twenty eight microsatellite markers. Genomic DNA was extracted using standard protocols. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was carried out in a total reaction volume of 10 µL, using Touchdown protocol. It was found that all 28 microsatellite markers generated polymorphic patterns, with average Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) value of 0.631. Moreover, a total of 243 alleles were detected by the 28 markers, with average of 8.68 alleles per marker. The percentages of genetic variations …

Visual-Spatial Working Memory Span Of Indonesian Children With Deafness Inoral, Total, And Sign Language Communication Methods, Johana Aprilia, Frieda Maryam Mangunsong

Psychological Research on Urban Society

Children with hearing impairment or deafness experience cognitive function delays but not limited visual-spatial working memory, which is commonly used to solve mathematical problems. Previous studies have discovered that visual or spatial working memory in such children is different because of the communication methods that rely on vision. This study explores the visual-spatial working memory in children with deafness by measuring the memory of 70 elementary school children with deafness and identifying their communication methods through questionnaires. The questionnaires were completed by the children’s parents. The visual-spatial working memory measurement utilized the Lion Game through Zoom meetings. Consequently, it was …

Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Melalui Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri Terbimbing Di Kelas Xi Ipa, Ana Rizka Falentina, Murni Saptasari, Sri Endah Indriwati

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

Education aims to prepare students to become independent generations who are able to face the challenges of the times by having 21st century life skills, one of which is critical thinking, in fact contrary to the low critical thinking skills that occur in SMAN 2 Probolinggo. The purpose of this study was to describe the application of guided inquiry learning in improving critical thinking skills. This type of research is Class Action Research (CAR). Data is analyzed by triangulation through the process of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Research Results guided inquiry learning model can change the way …

Penerapan Strategi Pembelajaran Motivasional Attention Relevance Confidence Satisfication (Arcs) Untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Dan Hasil Belajar, Nur Najama, Punaji Setyosari, Munzil Munzil

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

This action research was conducted to improve learning motivation and learning outcomes in the fourth-grade students. The study was conducted in two cycles. Based on research in the first cycle showed that: (1) In the observation of implementation the learning by teachers reached 76% (2) the result of the motivation questionnaire reached the number of 73%. (3) The students test at 64%. The data on the cycle I have not achieved the criteria for the successful action yet. So, it was necessary to carry out improvements to the next action, namely cycle II. In the cycle II, it showed that …

Ocean Law In Times Of Health Emergency: Deep Seabed Mining Contributions And Its Fear Of Overexploitation, Laisa Branco De Almeida

Indonesian Journal of International Law

The deep seabed has one of the most enriched biodiverse places on Earth. Scientists have found some essential biomedical breakthroughs derived from hydrothermal vents involved in treating disease outbreaks among seabed minerals. Futuristic as it may sound, new pharmaceutical discoveries pressure the International Seabed Authority (ISA) into strengthening its global rules on mining exploitation beyond areas of national jurisdiction (ABNJ). This paper presents a general evaluation of the existing legal system of deep seabed mining. It highlights that, increasingly, pharmaceutical companies are shifting to ABNJ seabed areas for exploitation, pressuring the international order for a more coherent and effective mining …

Comparative Law Enforcement Model At Sea: Lesson Learned For Indonesia, Yetty Komalasari Dewi, Arie Afriansyah, Aristyo Rizka Darmawan

Indonesian Journal of International Law

Illegal, Unregulated, and Unreported Fishing (IUU Fishing) has grown significantly in the last few decades. This practice certainly has and will undermine global fisheries resources even further. As a result, the international community needs to establish measures to prevent the IUUF through international agreements. Presently, the international communities have formed various organizations, both regional and international (regional fisheries management organizations or RFMO), which shows its attention to the need for sustainable fisheries resources management and to prevent any illegal IUU fishing activity. Therefore, every country is currently seeking the law enforcement model to secure its maritime jurisdictions from any IUUF …

Global Research Output On ‘Coronavirus Disease-2019’ (Covid-19), Seema Parmar, Suman Ghalawat, Ashwani Kumar

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Purpose: The present study reflects the trend and growth of publications on COVID-19 viral disease spreading around the world. With the emergence of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China in December 2019, scholars started publishing their researches in form of different kind of publications.

Methodology: The data has been extracted from the Scopus database using key TERMS Covid-19 and corona virus 2019.

Findings: During six month period around ten thousand publications are contributed by scientists around the globe. The literature produced in different fields but highest output is made in the field of Medicine. BMJ and Journal of Medical Virology journals …

Penerapan Pembelajaran Sains Berbasis Inquiry Based Learning Terintegrasi Nature Of Science Terhadap Literasi Sains, Utaria Mutasam, Ibrohim Ibrohim, Herawati Susilo

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

The aim of research was to describe the effect of the application of Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) integrated the Nature of Science (NOS) on student scientific literacy. The implementation design used was nonrandomized control group pretest-posttest design with research subjects using two classes namely VII C (control class) and VII D (experimental class) of SMP Laboratorium UM. Data was collected using a scientific literacy test and then analyzed descriptively and statistically and the results are that the application IBL integrated NOS influences students' scientific literacy with level of scientific literacy of students is included in the nominal and functional categories.

One Out Of Ten: Low Sampling Efficiency Of Cloth Dragging Challenges Abundance Estimates Of Questing Ticks, Siiri Nyrhilä, Jani J. Sormunen, Satu Mäkelä, Ella Sippola, Eero J. Vesterinen, Tero Klemola

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) act as important vectors of zoonotic pathogens. For instance, Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. spirochetes pose a severe health risk as aetiological agents of Lyme borreliosis. Commonly, to study the abundance of questing (host-seeking) ticks, a 1 m2 piece of cloth is dragged over vegetation for a determined distance. Here, we designed a tick-sampling study to estimate the sampling efficiency of this standard method. We established 10 m dragging transects in a hemiboreal mixed forest patch in SW Finland for a 5-day monitoring period. Five of the transects were cloth-dragged 3× a day, whereas another five transects were …

Synthesis And Ftir Characterization Of Mg-Hydroxylapatite Derived From Dolostone With High Dolomite Mineral Content, Wilson L. Mahene, Charles Gervas, Askwar H. Hilonga, Revocatus L. Machunda

Tanzania Journal of Science

We present the synthesis of magnesium-substituted hydroxylapatite starting from locally available dolostone. The apatite was prepared by a reaction between heat pre-treated dolostone powder with phosphoric acid, maintained at the pH of 12.5 using sodium hydroxide. The resultant material was then calcined at 500 °C, 600 °C, 700 °C, 800 °C and 900 °C. The precursor dolostone was characterized by organic elemental analyser (CHNS-O analyser), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), while the synthesized material was characterized by using FTIR. Results indicated that the dominant mineral in the carbonate rock materials was near-stoichiometric dolomite, while the synthesized …

Cashew Plant-Mediated Biosynthesis Of Silver Nanoparticles And Evaluation Of Their Applications As Antimicrobial Additive For Consumer Care Products, Isiaka A. Adelere, David O. Aboyeji, Felicia O. Akindurodoye, Nasiru U. Adabara, Hausatu Babayi

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study reports the biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous extract obtained from Anacardium occidentale stem bark and evaluation of their antibacterial activities as well as their potential applications as antimicrobial additives for detergent and toothpaste. The biosynthesized AgNPs were analyzed using UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The particles were dark brown in colour with maximum absorbance at wavelength 419 nm. They were mainly spherical in shape with size ranges from 20 to 60 nm. The peaks of FTIR spectrum revealed that their formation was facilitated by protein molecules present in the …

Effects Of Β-Carotene Intake On The Risk Of Fracture: A Bayesian Meta-Analysis, Tesfaye Getachew Charkos, Yawen Liu, Kemal Sherefa Oumer, Ann M. Vuong, Shuman Yang

School of Public Health Faculty Research

Background: Epidemiological studies examining the association between β-carotene intake and risk of fracture have reported inconsistent findings. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the association between β-carotene intake and risk of fracture. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane library databases for relevant articles that were published until December 2019. We also identified studies from reference lists of articles identified from the clinical databases. The frequentist and Bayesian random-effects model was used to synthesize data. Results: Nine studies with a total of 190,545 men and women, with an average age of 59.8 years, were included in this meta-analysis. For …

Socio-Demographic Evaluation Of Ownership Levels And Utilization Rates Of Llins Against Malaria Vectors Within Urban Settlements Of Osogbo District, Osun State, Nigeria, Kamilu A. Fasasi, Akinlabi M. Rufai, Damilola H. Familoni, Monsuru A. Adeleke

Tanzania Journal of Science

Globally, malaria is one of the major endemic diseases of public health importance caused by Plasmodium spp. and transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes. Efforts to eradicate malaria disease are on the decline despite appreciable progress recorded in the past. This warranted holistic review of malaria interventions which include among others, the assessment of Long Lasting Insecticidal Treated Nets (LLINs). Adopted questionnaires from Roll Back Malaria (RBM), World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) were administered to evaluate ownership levels and utilization rates of LLINs against malaria vectors in urban settlements of Osogbo district, Osun state, Nigeria. Out of …

Selected Under-Exploited Plant Oils In Nigeria: A Correlative Study Of Their Properties, Ikhazuagbe H. Ifijen, Adachukwu N. Nkwor

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study examined the physicochemical properties of seven under-exploited plant oils in Nigeria, namely; Hevea brasiliensis seed oil (HBSO), Prunus dulcis seed oil (PDSO), Afzelia africana aril cap oil (AAACO), Jatropha curcas seed oil (JCSO), Sesamum indicum seed oil (SISO), Canarium schweinfurthii seed oil (CSSO) and Hura crepitans seed oil (HCSO). Characteristics such as colour, percentage yield, specific gravity, freezing/melting point, acid value, free fatty acid, iodine value, and saponification value were investigated. The results showed that they have different colours and are liquid at room temperature. The percentage yield of the extracted oils varied from 34 to 55.39%. The …

Anti-Diabetic Activity Of Chrysophyllum Albidum (G. Don) Stem Bark In Alloxan-Induced Type 1 Diabetic Female Wistar Rats, Babalola Ola Yusuf, Musa Toyin Yakubu, Musbau Adewumi Akanji

Tanzania Journal of Science

Anti-diabetic activity of aqueous extract of Chrysophyllum albidum stem bark (AECASB) in female Wistar rats was investigated to confirm or refute the purported use and the underlying mechanism of action of C. albidum stem bark in the management of type 1 diabetes in Nigeria traditional medicine. Seventy female rats (180.60 ± 8.50 g) were assigned into seven groups. Rats in Group 1 (non-diabetic) were orally administered 1 mL of distilled water, while animals in Groups 2-7 were made diabetic and orally administered 1 mL of distilled water, 2.5 mg/kg body weight (bwt) of glibenclamide, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg …

Sebuah Kajian Kolaborasi Dan Graf Komunikasi Penulsi Pada Jurnal Ijeis (Indonesian Journal Of Electronic And Instrumentation System), Universitas Gadjah Mada, Y. Rudi Kriswanto, Ella Erliyana, I Ketut Gunadi Adiguna, Indah Rachma Cahyani

Jurnal Ilmu Informasi, Perpustakaan, dan Kearsipan

This study aims among others; to know the level of author collaboration; the most prolific writer; the amount of information on the communication graph; the synthesis point; to know the relationship between productive authors with a synthesis point. Data collection is done by taking the author of the article in the journal IJEIS UGM in the 2015-2017 edition year. To find out the level of collaboration authors required the theory written Subramanyam. Then to map the relationship of collaboration between authors required communication graph. By applying Brillouin formulation, the communication graph can be determined synthesis point the calculation results show …

Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Melalui Model Stem Pjbl Disertai Penilaian Otentik Pada Materi Fluida Statis, Nur Diana Rosyidah, Sentot Kusairi, Ahmad Taufiq

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

The purpose of this study is to analyze students' critical thinking especially on static fluid material through STEM PjBL accompanied by authentic assessment. The research design used mixed methods type embedded experimental design and the sample used in the study amounted to 32 students. Through the results of the analysis note that the learning process used is moderately influential on increasing students' critical thinking skills. In general, students experience an increase in all indicators of critical thinking.

Finding Meaning In Translation; A.L. Becker’S “Text Coherence”, Thomas M. Hunter

Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia

In this article I look at two closely related examples of A.L. Becker’s work on textual coherence and how they can be used as tools for finding meaning in translation. In the first example I draw on Becker and Oka’s work on deixis in Old Javanese (1974) to elucidate the subtle shifts of spatial and temporal reference in “Sītā’s Letter”, an innovative episode in the Old Javanese Rāmāyaṇa (OJR 11.18- 34). In the second example, I look at Becker’s analysis of the role of Indonesian verbal markers in his essay “The figure a sentence makes; An interpretation of a Classical …

Under The Shadow Of Philology; Some Notes On Translating Hikayat Seri Rama For A Modern Non-Academic Audience, Harry Aveling

Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia

This article describes some of the issues that arose during the author’s experience of translating the Malay Hikayat Seri Rama into English, as a literary rather than a philological text. These include the choice of a source text, the nature of the language used in the translation, and the treatment of the most distinctive features of the text, including its focus on Rawana, its setting in a Muslim narrative frame, and its use of the worldview of a medieval Malay court. Linguistic issues are discussed through reference to the concept of “units of translation”. This practice can also be utilized …

Comparison Of Centrifugation And Solid Phase Extraction (Spe) Methods Of Sample Preparations In Determination Of Residues Of Drugs Of Abuse In Urine, John Mahugija, Anastazia Wandwi, Kessy Kilulya

Tanzania Journal of Science

Detection of drugs of abuse in urine samples depends on their composition, absorption, distribution, physical and chemical properties, concentrations, elimination properties, and the techniques employed. This study compared the performance of centrifugation and solid phase extraction (SPE) methods in the determination of levels of drugs of abuse and their metabolites in urine samples collected from drug abusers. Analysis was performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). Calibration was done using both internal and external standards. The recovery values were generally greater in centrifugation method than in SPE method, but the recoveries in both methods were within an acceptable range. Linearity …

Detection Of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Escherichia Coli From Urinary Tract Infection In General Hospital, Minna, Nasiru U. Adabara, Naimat D. Bakinde, Sherifat O. Enejiyon, Tijani Salami, Doosuur Iorzua

Tanzania Journal of Science

Possession of virulence factors such as extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) by pathogens generally exacerbates morbidity as well as increases healthcare costs. This study determined the production of ESBL among Escherichia coli isolated from the urinary tracts of subjects attending General Hospital, Minna, Nigeria. One hundred and fifty (150) urine samples were collected from subjects and cultured on CLED agar for the isolation of E. coli. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method, while the phenotypic identification of ESBL-producing strains was carried out using double disk synergy test. All results were interpreted based on Clinical and …

In Vitro Antioxidant Activities Of Ethanol, Ethyl Acetate And N-Hexane Extracts Of Mangifera Indica Leaves, Yunusa O. Ibrahim, Musa B. Busari, Ruqayyah S. Yusuf, Rabiat U. Hamzah

Tanzania Journal of Science

Mangifera indica leaves have been in use in folk medicine since ancient time, for the treatment and/or management of numerous health complications. In this study, total phenols and flavonoids contents, as well as in vitro antioxidant activities of ethanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts of M. indica leaves were determined and compared. The in vitro antioxidant activities were determined using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation assays, respectively. The total phenols were found to be present in the descending order of; ethanol extract > ethyl acetate extract > n-hexane extract, while flavonoids were observed …

Dengue Vector Distribution And Their Infection Status In Selected Regions In Tanzania, Anitha Philbert, Amina Msonga

Tanzania Journal of Science

Dengue fever is an important arboviral infection globally. Tanzania has experienced multiple dengue outbreaks since 2010 leading to mortalities and public distress. Dengue is caused by viruses which are transmitted to humans by vector mosquitoes. Nevertheless, the abundance, distribution and extent of viral infections of these vectors are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to characterize dengue vectors and determine their virus infection rates. Adult mosquitoes were collected from selected regions in Tanzania including Dar es Salaam, Tanga, Coast, and Arusha regions using CO2 baited mosquito magnet traps between December 2018 to February 2019, additional samples were collected …

Improved Image Quality In Digital Mammography Using Anti-Scatter Grids, Samson O. Omondi, Peter K. Msaki, Ramadhan R. Kazema, Innocent J. Lugendo

Tanzania Journal of Science

Curability and effective management of breast cancer are dependent on its early detection. Early diagnosis strategies focus on providing timely access to breast cancer treatments by reducing barriers and improving access to effective early diagnosis. Mammography is the screening method of choice but suffers from degrading effects of scatter photons obstructing visualization of ductal carcinoma in situ and micro-calcifications in the breast. Quantitative evaluation of scatter suppression by anti-scatter grid using the beam stopper method has been investigated. Breast tissue equivalent phantom, polymethyl methacrylate was evaluated at X-ray mammographic nominal energy ranges. The anti-scatter grid used had aluminium interspace material …

Microbiological, Physicochemical And Heavy Metals Assessments Of Soils And Selected Vegetables Grown On Rumde-Doubeli Irrigated Farmland In Yola Nigeria, Mohammed Inuwa Ja’Afaru, Joel Uyi Ewansiha, Abdulwahab Dahiru, Konjerimam Ishaku Chimbekujwo

Tanzania Journal of Science

Leaf parts of vegetable plants grown on irrigated farmlands and are easily accessed by contaminants; pose greater risks of being contaminated with heavy metals. Soil, irrigation water and edible vegetable plants were collected and evaluated for concentrations of heavy metals using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) and standard laboratory methods. Physicochemical parameters of irrigation water, compared with WHO limits for chloride (326.14 + 7.03 mg/L, 250 mg/L), total hardness (196.0 + 8.72 mg/L, 150 mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (286.4 ±1.35 mg/L; 150 mg/L) and alkalinity (171.0 + 4.36 mg/L, 120 mg/L) were significantly (p ˂ 0.05) higher than the control sites …

Antibacterial And Anti-Hiv-1 Reverse Transcriptase Activities Of Selected Medicinal Plants And Their Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles, Rose J. Masalu, Sai Ngassa, Grace A. Kinunda, Cyprian B. Mpinda

Tanzania Journal of Science

Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and associated opportunistic infections are still global health concerns. Traditional medicines have been used for managing these infections, with little about their biological activities being known. This study evaluated antimicrobial and anti-HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase (RT) activities of medicinal plants; Harungana madagascariensis, Sapium ellipticum, Pseudospondias microcarpa, Capparis erythrocarpos, and Plectranthus barbatus; and activities of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized from aqueous extracts of H.  madagascariensis. Results revealed that aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts of H. madagascariensis, S. ellipticum, P. microcarpa; and ethyl acetate extracts from P. barbatus exhibited minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging …