Digital Commons Network^™

An Updated Genetic Marker For Detection Of Lake Sinai Virus And Metagenetic Applications, Deborah D. Iwanowicz, Judy Wu-Smart, Tugce Olgun, Autumn H. Smart, Clint R.V. Otto, Dawn Lopez, Jay D. Evans, Robert Cornman

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Background. Lake Sinai Viruses (LSV) are common RNA viruses of honey bees (Apis mellifera) that frequently reach high abundance but are not linked to overt disease. LSVs are genetically heterogeneous and collectively widespread, but despite frequent detection in surveys, the ecological and geographic factors structuring their distribution in A. mellifera are not understood. Even less is known about their distribution in other species. Better understanding of LSV prevalence and ecology have been hampered by high sequence diversity within the LSV clade.

Methods. Here we report a new polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay that is compatible with currently known lineages with …

Enhanced Metabolism And Selection Of Pyrethroid-Resistant Western Corn Rootworms (Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera Leconte), Dariane Souza, Arnubio V. Jiménez, Gautam Sarath, Lance J. Meinke, Nicholas J. Miller, Blair D. Siegfried

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Western corn rootworm (WCR) pyrethroid resistance has been previously reported in the United States (US) western Corn Belt, and cross-resistance and synergism studies suggested that both target site insensitivity and enhanced metabolism may be conferring WCR resistance to pyrethroids. The present study aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms of WCR pyrethroid resistance and to estimate the heritability of the resistance trait. Biochemical assays using model substrates and spectrophotometry revealed 2–4-fold higher activity of P450s and esterases in pyrethroid-resistant WCR populations, whereas the biological activity of glutathione S-trans- ferase was similar between populations tested. No mutation in the voltage-gated sodium channel …

Differential Defense Responses Of Upland And Lowland Switchgrass Cultivars To A Cereal Aphid Pest, Lise Pingault, Nathan A. Palmer, Kyle G. Koch, Tiffany Heng-Moss, Jeff Bradshaw, Javier Seravalli, Paul G. Twigg, Joe Louis, Gautam Sarath

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Yellow sugarcane aphid (YSA) (Sipha flava, Forbes) is a damaging pest on many grasses. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a perennial C4 grass, has been selected as a bioenergy feedstock because of its perceived resilience to abiotic and biotic stresses. Aphid infestation on switchgrass has the potential to reduce the yields and biomass quantity. Here, the global defense response of switchgrass cultivars Summer and Kanlow to YSA feeding was analyzed by RNA-seq and metabolite analysis at 5, 10, and 15 days after infestation. Genes upregulated by infestation were more common in both cultivars compared to downregulated genes. In total, a higher …

Molecular Gut-Content Analysis Of Adult Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Provides No Evidence Of Predation Of Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) In A Nebraska Corn Agroecosystem, Camila Oliveira-Hofman, Vinícius S. Victor, Lance Meinke, Julie A. Peterson

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

This study was conducted to characterize the ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) community in Nebraska continuous cornfields and investigate the potential for predation of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, a key rootfeeding insect pest that is an annual management challenge in this system. Seven collection dates were conducted at five commercial cornfields in west central Nebraska during the growing season of 2014. In each field, carabids were sampled using five 24-h pitfall traps. Carabid specimens were placed in 95% ethanol in the field and stored at –20 °C to preserve DNA. After identification to the species level, DNA …

Polyanhydride Nanoparticles Induce Low Inflammatory Dendritic Cell Activation Resulting In Cd8+ T Cell Memory And Delayed Tumor Progression, Ross Darling, Sujata Senapati, John Christiansen, Luman Liu, Amanda E. Ramer-Tati, Balaji Narasimhan, Michael Wannemuehler

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Introduction: Adjuvants and immunotherapies designed to activate adaptive immunity to eliminate infectious disease and tumors have become an area of interest aimed at providing a safe and effective strategy to prevent or eliminate disease. Existing approaches would benefit from the development of immunization regimens capable of inducing efficacious cell- mediated immunity directed toward CD8+ T cell-specific antigens. This goal is critically dependent upon appropriate activation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) most notably dendritic cells (DCs). In this regard, polyanhydride particles have been shown to be effectively internalized by APCs and induce activation.

Methods: Here, a prophylactic vaccine regimen designed as a …

The Trait Repertoire Enabling Cyanobacteria To Bloom Assessed Through Comparative Genomic Complexity And Metatranscriptomics, Huansheng Cao, Yohei Shimura, Morgan M. Steffen, Zhou Yang, Jingrang Lu, Allen Joel, Landon Jenkins, Masanobu Kawachi, Yabin Yin, Ferran Garcia-Pichel

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Water bloom development due to eutrophication constitutes a case of niche specialization among planktonic cyanobacteria, but the genomic repertoire allowing bloom formation in only some species has not been fully characterized. We posited that the habitat relevance of a trait begets its underlying genomic complexity, so that traits within the repertoire would be differentially more complex in species successfully thriving in that habitat than in close species that cannot. To test this for the case of bloom-forming cyanobacteria, we curated 17 potentially relevant query metabolic pathways and five core pathways selected according to existing ecophysiological literature. The available 113 genomes …

Desiccation Tolerance In Streptophyte Algae And The Algae To Land Plant Transition: Evolution Of Lea And Mip Protein Families Within The Viridiplantae, Burkhard Becker, Xuehuan Feng, Yanbin Yin, Andreas Holzinger

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

The present review summarizes the effects of desiccation in streptophyte green algae, as numerous experimental studies have been performed over the past decade particularly in the early branching streptophyte Klebsormidium sp. and the late branching Zygnema circumcarinatum. The latter genus gives its name to the Zygenmatophyceae, the sister group to land plants. For both organisms, transcriptomic investigations of desiccation stress are available, and illustrate a high variability in the stress response depending on the conditions and the strains used. However, overall, the responses of both organisms to desiccation stress are very similar to that of land plants. We highlight the …

Tdt Sandwich: An Open Source Dry Heat System For Characterizing The Thermal Resistance Of Microorganisms, Soon Kiat Lau, Jeyamkondan Subbiah

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

The determination of the thermal death kinetics of microorganisms has traditionally been performed with liquid baths which have some disadvantages such as liquid spillage and liquid infiltration into samples. The TDT Sandwich was developed as a free, open source alternative that utilizes dry heat. The system is capable of heating samples up to 140C and maintaining it within 0.2C of the target temperature. Other features of the TDT Sandwich include adjustable heating rates up to approximately 100C/min, real-time display and recording of temperature readings at a nominal rate of 5 Hz, an optional thermocouple for acquiring temperature of samples, built-in …

Humidosh: A Self-Contained Environmental Chamber With Controls For Relative Humidity And Fan Speed, Soon Kiat Lau, Jeyamkondan Subbiah

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Relative humidity can affect physical, biological, and chemical changes in biological samples through modification of water activity and is also known to be important in the fabrication of sensitive electronic devices. The HumidOSH is a free, open source, and self-contained system for creating a controlled relative humidity environment within the range of 3 to 97% with a 0.2% tolerance. Each HumidOSH unit also comes with a fan with adjustable fan rotational speed to improve moisture uniformity inside the chamber. The system includes many additional features such as glove ports for manipulating samples, a sample door for transferring objects in and …

A High-Throughput Lc-Ms/Ms Method For The Measurement Of The Bile Acid/Salt Content In Microbiome-Derived Sample Sets, Thomas D. Horvath, Sigmund J. Haidacher, Kathleen M. Hoch, Jennifer M. Auchtung, Anthony M. Haag

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Due to the physicochemical properties of bile acids/salts (i.e., hydrophobic and ionizable), the application of reverse-phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based methods are ideally suited for the measurement of these compounds in a host of microbiologically-relevant matrices. Here, we provide a detailed bioanalytical protocol that contains several modifications of a method previously described by Wegner et al. [1]. Briefly, this modified method exhibits the following advantages for the measurement of cholic acid (CA), taurocholic acid (TCA), and deoxycholic acid (DCA) in microbiome-relevant sample matrices: i) fecal sample processing has been streamlined by the elimination of lyophilization and manual homogenization steps; …

Phytochemical Characterization Of Ultrasound-Processed Sorghum Sprouts For The Use In Functional Foods, Sadia Hassan, Muhammad Imran, Muhammad Haseeb Ahmad, Muhammad Imran Khan, Changmou Xu, Muhammad Kamran Khan, Niaz Muhammad

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

In the recent years, application of ultrasound has been taken into considera- tion to enhance the nutritive value of processed food products, either by retaining or modulating their phytochemical components. Profile of phyto- chemicals in sorghum seeds was amended by optimizing ultrasound appli- cation for their use as sprouts. In this study, overall impact on various phytochemical constituents (alkaloids, phytates, saponins, and sterols), radi- cal scavenging activity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power assay, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay assay), phenolic profile (total phenolics content, total flavonoids content, ferulic acid, gallic acid, catechin, quercetin, and tannin) along with in …

Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acid Concentrations Increase In Newly Paired Male Marmosets (Callithrix Jacchus), Lifeng Zhu, Mallory J. Suhr Van Haute, Haley R. Hassenstab, Caroline Smith, Devin J. Rose, Aaryn C. Must, Andrew K. Benson, Jeffrey A. French

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

The role by which the gut microbiome influences host health (e.g., energy equilibrium and immune system) may be partly mediated by short-chain fatty acids, which are bacterial fermentation products from the dietary fibers. However, little is known about longitudinal changes in gut microbiome metabolites during cohabitation alongside social contact. In common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), the gut microbiome community is influenced by social contact, as newly paired males and females develop convergent microbial profiles. Here, we monitored the dynamics of short-chain fatty acid concentrations in common marmoset feces from the prepairing (PRE) to postpairing (POST) stages. In males, we observed that …

Wild Primate Microbiomes Prevent Weight Gain In Germ-Free Mice, Dimitrios N. Sidiropoulos, Gabriel A. Al-Ghalith, Robin R. Shields-Cutler, Tonya L. Ward, Abigail J. Johnson, Pajau Vangay, Dan Knights, Purna C. Kashyap, Yibo Xian, Amanda E. Ramer-Tait, Jonathan B. Clayton

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Background: The gut microbiome harbors trillions of bacteria that play a major role in dietary nutrient extraction and host metabolism. Metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes are associated with shifts in microbiome composition and have been on the rise in Westernized or highly industrialized countries. At the same time, Westernized diets low in dietary fiber have been shown to cause loss of gut microbial diversity. However, the link between microbiome composition, loss of dietary fiber, and obesity has not been well defined.

Results: To study the interactions between gut microbiota, dietary fiber, and weight gain, we transplanted captive and …

Mucosa-Associated Microbiota In Barrett’S Esophagus, Dysplasia, And Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Differ Similarly Compared With Healthy Controls, Shajan Peter, Amanda Pendergraft,, William Vanderpol, Mel Wilcox, Kondal R. Kyanam Kabir Baig, Casey Morrow, Jacques Izard, Peter J. Mannon

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Introduction: Alterations in the composition of the human gut microbiome and its metabolites have been linked to gut epithelial neoplasia. We hypothesized that differences in mucosa-adherent Barrett’s microbiota could link to risk factors, providing risk of progression to neoplasia.

Methods: Paired biopsies from both diseased and nonaffected esophagus (as well as gastric cardia and gastric juice for comparison) from patients with intestinal metaplasia (n = 10), low grade dysplasia (n = 10), high grade dysplasia (n = 10), esophageal adenocarcinoma (n = 12), and controls (n = 10) were processed for mucosa-associated bacteria …

Expression Profiling Of Human Milk Derived Exosomal Micrornas And Their Targets In Hiv‐1 Infected Mothers, Muhammad Atif Zahoor, Mcmaster University, Hamilton, Bethany M. Henrick, Chris P. Verschoor, Alash’Le Abimiku, Sophia Osawe, Kenneth L. Rosenthal

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Despite the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV‐1 infected mothers approximately 5% of new HIV‐1 infections still occur in breastfed infants annually, which warrants for the development of novel strategies to prevent new HIV‐1 infections in infants. Human milk (HM) exosomes are highly enriched in microRNAs (miRNAs), which play an important role in neonatal immunity. Furthermore, HM exosomes from healthy donors are known to inhibit HIV‐1 infection and transmission; however, the effect of HIV‐1 on HM exosomal miRNA signatures remains unknown. In this study, we used nCounter NanoString technology and investigated miRNAs expression profiles in first week postpartum HM …

The International Scientific Association For Probiotics And Prebiotics (Isapp) Consensus Statement On The Definition And Scope Of Synbiotics, Kelly S. Swanson, Glenn R. Gibson, Robert W. Hutkins, Raylene A. Reimer, Gregor Reid, Kristin Verbeke, Karen P. Scott, Hannah D. Holscher, Meghan B. Azad, Nathalie M. Delzenne, Mary Ellen Sanders

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

In May 2019, the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) convened a panel of nutritionists, physiologists and microbiologists to review the definition and scope of synbiotics. The panel updated the definition of a synbiotic to “a mixture comprising live microorganisms and substrate(s) selectively utilized by host microorganisms that confers a health benefit on the host”. The panel concluded that defining synbiotics as simply a mixture of probiotics and prebiotics could suppress the innovation of synbiotics that are designed to function cooperatively. Requiring that each component must meet the evidence and dose requirements for probiotics and prebiotics individually could …

Effect Of Ph And Heat Treatment On The Antioxidant Activity Of Egg White Protein-Derived Peptides After Simulated In-Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion, Priyanka Singh Rao, Emerson Nolasco, Akihiro Handa, Michael J. Naldrett, Sophie Alvarez, Kaustav Majumder

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

The study aimed to analyze pH and heat treatment’s effect in modulating the release of peptides with antioxidant activity after simulated gastrointestinal (GI) digestion of Egg white powder (EWP). EWP samples with neutral (EWPN) and alkaline (EWPA) pH were heat-treated at 20, 60, and 90 ◦C and analyzed for protein aggregation, solubility, and GI digestibility. Heat treatment decreased solubility and induced protein aggregation, which was higher for EWPN as compared to EWPA. The unfolding of EWPA proteins at 60 ◦C exhibited a higher GI digestibility and antioxidant activity via Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) assay as compared to EWPN. Interestingly, …

Comprehensive Identification And Analyses Of The Hsf Gene Family In The Whole-Genome Of Three Apiaceae Species, Qiaoying Pei, North China University Of Science And Technology, Tong Wu, Qihang Yang, Ke Gong, Rong Zhou, Chunlin Cui, Ying Yu, Wei Zhao, Xi Kang, Rui Cao, Xiaoming Song

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Apiaceae is a major family from Apiales and includes many important vegetable and medicinal crops. Heat shock transcription factors ( Hsf ) play important roles in heat tolerance during plant development. Here, we conducted systematic analyses of the Hsf gene family in three Apiaceae species, including 17 Apium graveolens (celery), 32 Coriandrum sativum (coriander), and 14 Daucus carota (carrot). A total of 73 Hsf genes were identified in three representative species, including Arabidopsis thaliana , Vitis vinifera , and Lactuca sativa . Whole-genome duplication played important roles in the Hsf gene family’s expansion within Apiaceae. Interestingly, we found that coriander …

Polyphenolic Fractions Isolated From Red Raspberry Whole Fruit, Pulp, And Seed Differentially Alter The Gut Microbiota Of Mice With Diet-Induced Obesity, Yibo Xian, Rong Fan, Jing Shao, Ashley Mulcahy Toney, Soonkyu Chung, Amanda E. Ramer-Tait

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Polyphenol extracts from red raspberry (RR) whole fruit or pulp, but not seed, attenuate high-fat (HF) dietinduced obesity in mice. Because host metabolism is linked to the microbiota, we investigated the effects of polyphenols from RR fruit, pulp, and seed on the microbiome. RR polyphenols significantly decreased the abundance of specific taxa that were increased during HF feeding relative to a low-fat diet, including Ruminococcus and an unclassified genus from Clostridiales. Compared to a HF diet, pulp and seed polyphenols increased Roseburia abundance and decreased levels of an unclassified genus from Mogibacteriaceae. RR seed polyphenols uniquely increased Bifidobacterium compared …

Targeting Homologous Recombination Addicted Tumors: Challenges And Opportunities, Talia Golan, Jonathan Brody, Md

Kimmel Cancer Center Faculty Papers

Recent advances in next generation sequencing (NGS) and molecular subtyping of tumors have opened the door to clinically available targeted therapies. Although the treatment of many solid tumors still rely on a steady regimen of non-targeted chemotherapeutic agents, it is becoming increasingly more apparent that certain tumors with defects in DNA damage repair (DDR) genes may be exquisitely sensitive to DNA damaging agents or therapies targeting key elements of this pathway such PARP1, ATR, or ATM. Still, for tumors with DDR defects the challenges are multi-fold including: (I) identifying these tumors in patients in time for a window of opportunity …

Mothers’ And Fathers’ Self-Regulation Capacity, Dysfunctional Attributions And Hostile Parenting During Early Adolescence: A Process-Oriented Approach, Melissa L. Sturge-Apple, Zhi Li, Meredith Martin, Hannah R. Jones-Gordils, Patrick T. Davies

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

The parent-child relationship undergoes substantial reorganization over the transition to adolescence. Navigating this change is a challenge for parents because teens desire more behavioral autonomy as well as input in decision-making processes. Although it has been demonstrated that changes in parental socialization approaches facilitates adolescent adjustment, very little work has been devoted to understanding the underlying mechanisms supporting parents’ abilities to adjust caregiving during this period. Guided by self-regulation models of parenting, the present study examined how parental physiological and cognitive regulatory capacities were associated with hostile and insensitive parent conflict behavior over time. From a process-oriented perspective, we tested …

Mothers’ And Fathers’ Self-Regulation Capacity, Dysfunctional Attributions And Hostile Parenting During Early Adolescence: A Process-Oriented Approach, Melissa L. Sturge-Apple, Zhi Li, Meredith J. Martin, Hannah R. Jones-Gordils, Patrick T. Davies

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

The parent-child relationship undergoes substantial reorganization over the transition to adolescence. Navigating this change is a challenge for parents because teens desire more behavioral autonomy as well as input in decision-making processes. Although it has been demon- strated that changes in parental socialization approaches facilitates adolescent adjustment, very little work has been devoted to understand- ing the underlying mechanisms supporting parents’ abilities to adjust caregiving during this period. Guided by self-regulation models of parenting, the present study examined how parental physiological and cognitive regulatory capacities were associated with hostile and insen- sitive parent conflict behavior over time. From a process-oriented …

“Isn’T Atheism A White Thing?”: Centering The Voices Of Atheists Of Color, Dena M. Abbott, Debra Mollen, Caitlin Mercier, Elyxcus J. Anaya, Victoria A. Rukus

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

Despite a general shift toward secularity, very few people of color in the United States identify as atheist. Further, atheists of color are underrepresented in studies of atheists, and the experiences of atheists of color specifically have, to date, not been captured in the extant scholarship. Addressing this gap in the literature, we interviewed 17 self-identified adult atheists of color, predominantly from Christian backgrounds, residing in the United States, using a critical feminist phenomenological approach. Six broad themes emerged from the data: (a) atheist identity development, (b) experiences of discrimination, (c) isolation, (d) violations of cultural expectations, (e) strategic outness, …

Scientometric Study Of The Research Performance On Oceanography: The World Perspective, Jiaur Rahaman, Saddam Hosaain, Sadik Batcha M

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Scientometric methods and resulting citations have been applied to investigate the scientific performance of country. The study examines performance on the basis of output published in the Oceanographic Research output during the study period 2015 to 2019 at the world perspective. A total of 3212 articles were retrieved according to the selection criteria from Web of Science database. The study focuses on various aspect of the Oceanography Research such as growth of publications, prolific authors, document types and institutions involved. The highest number of publication is in the year 2016 with 1179 records, whereas the minimum records published in 2019 …

Challenges 1to Building Synergy Between Indigenous Knowledge And Academic Libraries In Ghana, Florence Dedzoe-Dzokotoe Plockey Mrs., Charlotte Yembil, Banleman Konlan

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Literature on libraries in Africa have tended to focus on changing from oral culture to a written one. This article focus on the indigenous knowledge traditions and academic libraries to unveil emerging forms that forge complementarities as a basis for building synergy. The paper support the argument that academic libraries are critical contributors to knowledge generation/production. However, researchers further accords a similar role for Indigenous Knowledge (IK) and its producers. Thus, the IK community becomes a critical player rather than mere beneficiaries of knowledge production. They are essential collaborators in the production of a decolonized, inclusive and functional knowledge system. …

Examining The Scientific Productivity Of Authors In Dyslexia Research: A Study Using Lotka’S Law, Muneer Ahmad, Dr. M.Sadik Batcha

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Dyslexia, or a reading disability, occurs when an individual has significant difficulty with speed and accuracy of word decoding. Comprehension of text and spelling are also affected. The diagnosis of dyslexia involves the use of reading tests, but the continuum of reading performance means that any cut off point is arbitrary. The IQ score does not play a role in the diagnosis of dyslexia. The cognitive difficulties of dyslexics include problems with speech perception, recognizing and manipulating the basic sounds in a language, language memory, and learning the sounds of letters. Dyslexia is a neurological condition with a genetic basis. …

An Assessment Of Open Educational Resources By Students In Selected Academic Institutions In Southwest, Nigeria, Njeze Miracle

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This paper examined assessment of Open Educational Resources (OER) by students in selected Academic Institutions in Southwest Nigeria. A descriptive research design was used for this study and the instrument used for data collection was the questionnaire. The population of this study comprised two hundred and fifty two respondents from selected academic institutions and a stratified sampling technique was used to select respondents from each of the nine institutions investigated. This study assessed the use of Open Educational Resources by students in nine academic institutions in Nigeria which comprised (Federal, State and Private Universities; Polytechnics; and Colleges of Education) in …

Users’ Perception Of Print Media Retention In A Digital Era., Obia Inyang, Margaret Umoh Dr

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Print media usage presented some important qualities overtime, which have made it an advantageous medium of study regardless of the technological advancements of the contemporary times popularly described as the information age. The value, as perceived by scholars in training (users of academic libraries especially), were sort by this research to analyze why prints are still glamour for, in a digital era with all the improvements made by digital adoptions. This study revealed that 378 respondents returned their questionnaire copies out of the 500 sent out and constituted 75.6% returns. Results for objective 1, revealed among others that, clients’ have …

Electrospun Thymosin Beta-4 Loaded Plga/Pla Nanofiber/ Microfiber Hybrid Yarns For Tendon Tissue Engineering Application, Shaohua Wu, Rong Zhou, Fang Zhou, Philipp N. Streubel, Shaojuan Chen, Bin Duan

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Microfiber yarns (MY) have been widely employed to construct tendon tissue grafts. However, suboptimal ultrastructure and inappropriate environments for cell interactions limit their clinical application. Herein, we designed a modified electrospinning device to coat poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) PLGA nanofibers onto polylactic acid (PLA) MY to generate PLGA/PLA hybrid yarns (HY), which had a well-aligned nanofibrous structure, resembling the ultrastructure of native tendon tissues and showed enhanced failure load compared to PLA MY. PLGA/PLA HY significantly improved the growth, proliferation, and tendon-specific gene expressions of human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (HADMSC) compared to PLA MY. Moreover, thymosin beta-4 (Tβ4) loaded PLGA/PLA …

Additive Manufacturing Of Magnesium Alloys, Rakeshkumar Karunakaran, Sam Ortgies, Ali Tamayol, Florin Bobaru, Michael P. Sealy

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Magnesium alloys are a promising new class of degradable biomaterials that have a similar stiffness to bone, which minimizes the harmful effects of stress shielding. Use of biodegradable magnesium implants eliminates the need for a second surgery for repair or removal. There is a growing interest to capitalize on additive manufacturing's unique design capabilities to advance the frontiers of medicine. However, magnesium alloys are difficult to 3D print due to the high chemical reactivity that poses a combustion risk. Furthermore, the low vaporization temperature of magnesium and common biocompatible alloying elements further increases the difficulty to print fully dense structures …