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Soldiers To Scientists: Military Service, Gender, And Stem Degree Earning, Christina Steidl, Regina E. Werum, Sela R. Harcey, Jacob Absalon, Alice Millermacphee

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

The authors use 2014–2018 data from the American Community Survey to answer two questions: To what extent is military service associated with higher rates of earning a bachelor’s degree in a science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) field (vs. a non-STEM field)? To what extent is this relationship gendered? The findings suggest that military service is associated with higher odds of completing a STEM degree and that this association is particularly strong for female veterans. Comparison across multiple STEM definitions suggests that military service does not simply channel women into traditionally female-dominated STEM fields. Instead, the findings show the biggest …

Transitions From Telephone Surveys To Self-Administered And Mixed-Mode Surveys: Aapor Task Force Report, Kristen M. Olson, Jolene Smyth, Rachel Horwitz, Scott Keeter, Virginia Lesser, Stephanie Marken, Nancy A. Mathiowetz, Jaki S. Mccarthy, Eileen O'Brien, Jean D. Opsomer, Darby Steiger, David Sterrett, Jennifer Su, Z. Tuba Suzer-Gurtekin, Chintan Turakhia, James Wagner

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

Telephone surveys have been a ubiquitous method of collecting survey data, but the environment for telephone surveys is changing. Many surveys are transitioning from telephone to self-administration or combinations of modes for both recruitment and survey administration. Survey organizations are conducting these transitions from telephone to mixed modes with only limited guidance from existing empirical literature and best practices. This article summarizes findings by an AAPOR Task Force on how these transitions have occurred for surveys and research organizations in general. We find that transitions from a telephone to a selfadministered or mixed-mode survey are motivated by a desire to …

Competing Forces Of Withdrawal And Disease Avoidance In The Risk Networks Of People Who Inject Drugs, Elspeth Ready, Patrick Habecker, Roberto Abadie, Bilal Khan, K. Dombrowski

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

We analyze a network of needle-sharing ties among 117 people who inject drugs (PWID) in rural Puerto Rico, using exponential random graph modeling to examine whether network members engage in partner restriction to lower their risk of contracting HIV or hepatitis C (HCV), or in informed altruism to prevent others from contracting these infections. Although sharing of used syringes is a significant risk factor for transmission of these diseases among PWID, we find limited evidence for partner restriction or informed altruism in the network of reported needle-sharing ties. We find however that sharing of needles is strongly reciprocal, and individuals …

Prospects And Challenges Of Population Health With Online And Other Big Data In Africa; Understanding The Link To Improving Healthcare Service Delivery, Rowland Edet, Bolarinwa Afolabi

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

Big data analytics offers promises to many health care service challenges and can provide answers to many population health issues. Big data is having a positive impact in almost every sphere of life in more advanced world while developing countries are striving to meet up. Even though healthcare systems in the developed world are recording some breakthroughs due to the application of big data, it is important to research the impact of big data in developing regions of the world, such as Africa and identify its peculiar needs. The purpose of this review was to summarize the challenges faced by …

Are Biological Consequences Of Childhood Exposures Detectable In Telomere Length Decades Later?, Blakelee R. Kemp, Kenneth F. Ferraro

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

Negative early-life exposures have been linked to a host of poor adult health outcomes, but are such early exposures associated with cellular senescence decades later? This study uses data from the Health and Retirement Study to examine the association between six childhood exposure domains (e.g., socioeconomic disadvantage, risky parental behavior) and a biomarker of aging, telomere length, among 4,935 respondents. Telomere length is obtained from DNA of cells found in saliva and is measured as the telomere repeat copy number to single gene copy number ratio (T/S). Men who as children were exposed to risky parental …

A New Spin On Gender: How Parents Of Male Baton Twirlers (Un)Do Gender Essentialism, Trenton M. Haltom

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

Families and sports are spaces for “doing” and “undoing” gender. The author presents qualitative interviews with 30 American men who recall their parents’ involvement in the gender atypical sport of baton twirling. The author analyzes the data using “doing” and “undoing” gender as well as “hard” and “soft” essentialism frameworks. Mothers are often supportive of their sons’ twirling, contributing to “undoing” gender and relaxing “soft essentialism.” Fathers do not see baton twirling as a normative pathway to manhood or masculinity, thus reinforcing “hard essentialism.” Fathers often take on an absentee role in their sons’ twirling. In rare cases, fathers “do” …

Nativity And Country Of Origin Variations In Life Expectancy With Functional Limitations Among Older Hispanics In The United States, Marc A. Garcia, Adriana M. Reyes, Catherine García, Chi-Tsun Chiu, Grecia Macias

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

This study examined racial/ethnic, nativity, and country of origin differences in life expectancy with and without functional limitations among older adults in the United States. We used data from the National Health Interview Survey (1999–2015) to estimate Sullivan-based life tables of life expectancies with functional limitations and without functional limitations by sex for U.S.-born Mexicans, foreign-born Mexicans, U.S.-born Puerto Ricans, island-born Puerto Ricans, foreign-born Cubans, and U.S.-born Whites. We find that Latinos exhibit heterogeneous life expectancies with functional limitations. Among females, U.S.-born Mexicans, foreign-born Mexicans, and foreign-born Cubans spend significantly fewer years without functional limitations, whereas island-born Puerto Ricans spend …

Leadership Strategies For Reducing Regulatory Citations To Maintain Tax-Exempt Statuses In Nonprofit Organizations, Emmanuel Kamara

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Abstract

Leaders of nonprofit organizations have challenging responsibilities of satisfying the

demands of all their stakeholders by obeying state and federal regulations.

Noncompliance of regulations can quickly cause a nonprofit organization to lose its tax

exempt status and become nonexistent; thus, it appears that most nonprofits are choosing

to prioritize compliance, while struggling to maintain focus on their mission and services.

Using the conceptual framework of transformational leadership and general system

theories, this case study was to explore strategies leaders of nonprofits organizations in

Pennsylvania that cater to the needs of people with disabilities use for decreasing

regulatory citations to …

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Rates Among Children In Foster Versus Family Kinship Care, Rashanda Allen

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Children in foster care represent a highly traumatized population. However, trauma researchers studying this population have focused primarily on maltreatment rather than the full spectrum of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) attributes and symptoms for children living in nonkinship foster homes versus kinship foster homes. The purpose of this study was to address this gap in the literature, as well as examine the benefits and limitations of children placed in kinship and nonkinship foster homes. Attachment theory was the theoretical framework. The research questions centered on the prevalence of specific types of posttraumatic stress symptoms for a sample of children living …

Lifestyle Factors And Social Determinants As Predictors Of Weight/Body Mass Index, Uthman Alhaji Baba

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Obesity is a major public health concern that includes the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and premature death in adults. Previous studies have established the relationship between gender, educational level, household income and respondents’ weight but additional research is needed to factor the nature of education in relation to gender differences, diet, and other important behavioral mediators such as social determinants. The purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional study is to determine the extent to which frequency of physical activity, household income, social determinants of health (money for balanced meals, finances at the end of month, and poor mental health), respondent …

Identifying Intrinsic Needs And How They Effect Millennials’ Organizational Commitment, William Norman Jacobs

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

By 2025, 75% of the U.S. labor workforce will be composed of Millennials as Generation X managers leave the workforce. The influx of Millennials in the workforce has led to leaders of organizations encountering a serious challenge in terms of how to retain and motivate Millennials who on average change jobs every 2 years. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of Millennials in the workforce in relation to their intrinsic needs in the workplace and organizational commitment. The research question that guided the research was: What are the lived experiences of Millennials in …

Assessing Pain-Related Factors As Predictors Of Distress During Transitional Musculoskeletal Pain Experience, Gary Robert Ahlstrom

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

During people’s pain experience, certain difficulties may emerge within individuals’ psychological and social domains that can confound and exacerbate the frequency of their pain-related distress episodes. Previous research has consistently found psychosocial factors evident during the first months of unresolved pain are reliable predictors of pain chronicity and disability at 12 months. This exploratory descriptive quantitative multivariate study included 2 nationwide online surveys that examined the frequency of moderate-to-severe symptoms of distress within the anxiety-depression spectrum, and the extent that 8 pain-related factors influenced and predicted episodes of anxiety and depressed mood, which included 2 demographic risk factors (age range …

Loneliness, Prosocial Relationships, And Recidivism In Long-Term Incarcerated Juveniles, Amy Rhoads Jozan

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Prosocial bonds have been key in juvenile criminal desistance. Juvenile facility placement has resulted in deterioration of important prosocial supports and social isolation, increasing risk for recidivism. Loneliness has been increasingly prevalent in a facility setting, often leading to ongoing behavioral and health problems. Youth incarcerated longer than 1 year have experienced higher rates of physical and mental health challenges, lasting into adulthood. Lengthy juvenile incarceration impacts loneliness, postrelease prosocial relationships, and desistance implications have been underexplored. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore themes associated with reaffiliation motive, or lifelong problems resulting from loneliness, after experiencing youth …

Clinician Perspectives On Gender Bias In Diagnosis Of Borderline Personality Disorder, Carl N. Modeste

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Healthcare systems across the globe strive to provide equal treatment for all patients irrespective of their status; nevertheless, disparities occur. Gender-based prejudices are present in many cultures and often affect clinicians’ diagnostic and treatment practices. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) patients represent a category that is more prone to gender biases. With a focus on Canada, this study was designed to contribute to currently limited evidence on BPD gender biases by addressing the knowledge gaps in clinical gender-based studies. The study was an exploration of forensic psychologists’ and psychiatrists’ methodology leading to making a diagnosis of BPD and the factors that …

Expressions Of Sexual Deviance In Black Serial Killers, Lucia J. Weatherall

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The number of Black serial killers (BSKs) has increased, but empirical studies have not focused on this unique population, including their expressions of sexual deviance. The purpose of this case study was to understand the common socialization experiences and the expressions of sexual deviance in BSKs. Two conceptual frameworks were used to identify the concepts to explore: Bandura’s social learning theory of aggression and Agnew’s general strain theory. Data collected came from archival court and police records in Texas. A content-analysis approach was used to analyze the archival data, organized by criminal background, sexual deviance, familial data, and social development. …

Relationship Between Parent Asthma Knowledge, Parental Control Of Child's Asthma, And Parent Qol, Glori Sommerer

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The long-term responsibility of caring for a child with asthma can result in parents

experiencing a lower quality of life (QoL), especially if the child's asthma is not well

controlled. Asthma knowledge can enhance asthma control practices among parents.

However, research has not explored these variables together to determine whether

parental control of child's asthma mediates the relationship between parent asthma

knowledge and parent QoL. This quantitative research study explored whether parental

control of child's asthma mediated the relationship between parent asthma knowledge

and parent QoL. The theoretical foundation was asthma self-regulation theory, focused

on the importance of asthma knowledge …

Potentiality Of Saccharomyces Boulardii In Fermentation Of Bio-Ethanol Derived From Fruit Wastes, Anand Pai, Priyodip Paul, Srividya Nayak, Kuldeep K. Singh

Open Access archive

An astronomical increase in vehicular usage has led to the depletion of existing fossil fuels and forced researchers to find alternative sources of fuels. Extensive studies are utilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae for bioethanol production. Therefore, in the present study, the potential application of Saccharomyces boulardii derived bioethanol from fruit wastes was explored. The orange, sweet lime, and banana peels were subjected to various pre-treatment procedures and used as substrates for yeast mediated fermentation. The cellulosic de-linearization of fruit peels induced by alkaline and steam pre-treatments was analysed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic analysis. The chemical nature of fruit waste-derived bioethanol was …

Transition Of A Solitary To A Biofilm Community Life Style In Bacteria: A Survival Strategy With Division Of Labour, Subhadeep Chatterjee, Biswajit Samal, Prashantee Singh, Binod B. Pradhan

Open Access archive

Multicellularity is associated with higher eukaryotes having an organized division of labour and a coordinated action of different organs composed of multiple cell types. This division of different cell types and organizations to form a multicellular structure by developmental programming is a key to the multitasking of complex traits that enable higher eukaryotes to cope with fluctuating environmental conditions. Microbes such as bacteria, on the other hand, are unicellular and have flourished in diverse environmental conditions for a much longer time than eukaryotes in evolutionary history. In this review, we will focus on different strategies and functions exhibited by microbes …

Odontogenic Keratocyst: Analysis Of Recurrence By Agnor, P53 And Mdm2 Profiling, Chetana Chandrashekar, Pratik Patel, Aatish Thennavan, Raghu Radhakrishnan

Open Access archive

Background: Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a clinical entity with characteristic microscopic features, high growth potential and propensity to recur. Aggressive behavior and higher tendency for recurrence have been attributed to greater proliferative activity of epithelial lining. The incidence of recurrence in various reported series ranges from 2.5% to 62%. Objectives: The objective of the study was to investigate the clinical behavior of OKC by evaluating p53, MDM2 expression, AgNOR staining and to ascertain if the expression of these markers correlate with the clinical outcome and tendency for recurrence. Materials and Methods: All recurrent and nonrecurrent OKCs from the archives were …

Association Of Clinical Parameters, Oral Hygiene, And Dietary Practices With Active Caries Lesions Among Children With Early Childhood Caries, Shailaja Datta, Baranya S. Suprabha, Ramya Shenoy, Arathi Rao

Open Access archive

Aim: To find whether there is an association of clinical parameters, dental attendance pattern, oral hygiene, and dietary practices with the presence of active caries lesions among children with early childhood caries (ECC). Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 171 children of 3–5 years of age with at least one decayed/filled tooth surface were examined. The presence or absence of visible plaque and decayed, missing, or filled-surface (dmfs) score were recorded. Each tooth surface was scored as per International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) II criteria followed by supplemental lesion activity assessment (LAA) criteria, which was used to …

Fracture Resistance Of Endodontically Treated Maxillary Premolars With A Longer Single Post And Shorter Double Posts Of Different Sizes: An In Vitro Study, Arun Mayya, Rajaram Naik, Shreemathi S. Mayya, Maria P. Paul

Open Access archive

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine if there is any difference in fracture resistance between different post sizes and lengths when more than one post is involved. Materials and Methods: Thirty extracted maxillary first premolars were endodontically treated and divided into three groups: In Group 1 (control group), no post space preparation was conducted and access cavities were restored with composite; in Group 2 (single post), post space preparation of 10 mm was carried out only in one of the canals; and in Group 3 (double post), post space preparation of 5 mm was conducted in both …

Analysis Of Dedifferentiated Liposarcomas Emphasizing The Diagnostic Dilemmas, Bhagat Lali, Hema Kini, Shrijeet Chakraborti, Jyoti Kini

Open Access archive

Introduction: Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is defined as a progression of well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS) to another nonlipogenic sarcoma. Since a variety of heterologous sarcomas can be encountered in dedifferentiation, clinical dilemmas arise. The present study analyzed the role of clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical (IHC) features in the diagnosis of DDLPS and its differentiation from mimics. Materials and Methods: A retrospective and prospective study was conducted wherein all cases of liposarcoma from 2012 to 2017 were reviewed. DDLPS cases were identified among pleomorphic lesions. Clinical and histopathological details for these cases were retrieved from medical records section and department archives. Histomorphology and immunohistochemistry …

A Case Of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Encircling The Arteria Maxillaris, Unnathi Nayak, Rajanigandha Vadgaonkar, Mangala M. Pai, B. V. Murlimanju

Open Access archive

Here we report a case of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN), which had variability in its formation. IAN was formed by dual roots, which were branching out from the posterior division of mandibular nerve. The observed roots were forming a loop around the pterygoid part of arteria maxillaris (MA). One of the roots was superficial to the MA and the other was deep to it. It is believed that this type of morphological variation in the formation of IAN can have clinial implications, which include compression by adjacent structures and nerve entrapment. The knowledge of this variation is important to anaesthesiologists …

Effect Of Fascial Manipulation On Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit In Overhead Athletes-A Randomized Controlled Trial, Nelson P. Mathew, G. Prabu Raja, F. Davis

Open Access archive

Background. Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit (GIRD) is common among overhead athletes and is considered as one of the risk factors for upper extremity injuries. GIRD is usually managed by stretching and soft tissue release of the posterior shoulder capsule. Fascial manipulation is a manual therapy technique used in the management of musculoskeletal disorders. This study compared the efficacy of fascial manipulation (FM) with posterior capsular ball release and stretching on GIRD. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of Fascial Manipulation (FM) on the Internal Rotation Range of Motion (IRROM) in athletes with GIRD. Since studies …

Morphological And Topographic Anatomy Of Sesamoid Bones Of Human Thumb, R. Abisshek Balaji, Apoorva, V. V. Katti, M. M. Pai

Open Access archive

Background. The objective of the present study was to study the morphology and topography of the sesamoid bones of the thumb in a sample south Indian population. Methods. The present study included 25 formalin fixed human cadaveric thumbs, the metacarpo-phalangeal and inter-phalangeal joints of the thumb were dissected. The number of sesamoid bones and the intrinsic muscles containing them were identified. The mean length, breadth and thickness of the sesamoid bones were measured before their removal from thumb by using the digital Vernier caliper. Results. In 92% of cases, there were two sesamoid bones, observed at the metacar-po-phalangeal joint. The …

Descriptive Study On Distalmost Perforating Peroneal Artery Emphasizing Its Role In Flap Surgeries, R. Rai, Mamatha Tonse, A. R. Rai, P. M. Dass

Open Access archive

Aims. Peroneal flap with vascular pedicles is considered as a good substitute for limb reconstructions or any other soft tissue defects because of the number of perforating branches given from the PA. Purpose of this study is to evaluate the branching and communicating pattern of distal most perforating peroneal artery (PP). Methods. Dissected lower limbs of 48 cadavers were studied for the course and communications of PP. Results. The study encountered usual as well as variant communications of PP. In about 12% of the study sample PP continued as DPA and in about 6% of the cases it was communicated …

Comparative Evaluation Of The Depth Of Cure And Surface Roughness Of Bulk-Fill Composites: An In Vitro Study, Anusha Parasher, Kishore Ginjupalli, Krishnaraj Somayaji, Pradeep Kabbinale

Open Access archive

Background. Composites are in great demand due to the esthetic needs of the patients, which explains a wide variation in the types of available composites. However, the mechanical strength of the materials is questionable. Therefore, the mechanical properties of the newly available bulk-fill composites have been tested. Objectives. The main objective of the study was to compare the depth of cure (DOC) and surface roughness of 3 different bulk-fill composites: X-tra fil® (XTF), Tetric EvoCeram® Bulk Fill (TEC) and Beautifil® Bulk Restorative (BBR). Material and methods. Fifty-seven (n = 19 in each group) samples were made using brass molds. All …

Post-Approval Change Submission: Ich Q12 Impact Analysis On India And Japan, S. Moorkoth, T. Haldar

Open Access archive

The present research provides a discussion on post approval change management of pharmaceuticals, biologics and drug device combinations, which is an important part of life cycle management. The present study focuses on understanding the existing post approval change management system in India and Japan. Comparison is then made with the elements and principles provided in draft ICH Q12 guideline. In November 2017 the draft guidance ICH Q12 entitled “Technical and Regulatory Considerations for Pharmaceutical Product Lifecycle Management” has been published for comment. The discussion of this study would bring to light the key requirements, challenges and impact of future implementation …

The Burden Of Unintentional Drowning: Global, Regional And National Estimates Of Mortality From The Global Burden Of Disease 2017 Study, Richard Charles Franklin, Amy E. Peden, Erin B. Hamilton, Catherine Bisignano

Open Access archive

Background: Drowning is a leading cause of injury-related mortality globally. Unintentional drowning (International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10 codes W65-74 and ICD9 E910) is one of the 30 mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive causes of injury-related mortality in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. This study's objective is to describe unintentional drowning using GBD estimates from 1990 to 2017. Methods: Unintentional drowning from GBD 2017 was estimated for cause-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs), age, sex, country, region, Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile, and trends from 1990 to 2017. GBD 2017 used standard GBD methods for estimating mortality …

Intra-Lesional Medicaments For The Management Of Intra-Osseous Lesions Of Maxilla And Mandible - Systematic Review, Komal Smriti, Evit John, Kalyana Chakravarthy Pentapati, Srikanth Gadicherla

Open Access archive

Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to review the success or remission of intralesional medicaments in the management of intraosseous lesions in the oral cavity. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search was performed in two databases (PubMed and Scopus). Research articles, case reports, case series, and clinical trials were included. Review articles, lesions not involving the bone, incomplete reporting, any other treatment other than intralesional medicaments to treat intraosseous bone lesions, publications without any treatment, and letter to editor were excluded. Data on remission (complete, partial, or no remission), details and regimen of the intervention, number of participants, and follow-up …