Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

2020

Discipline
Institution
Keyword
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 4471 - 4500 of 4991

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

An Examination Of How The Canadian Military’S Legal System Responds To Sexual Assault, Elaine Craig Jan 2020

An Examination Of How The Canadian Military’S Legal System Responds To Sexual Assault, Elaine Craig

Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press

Although the Canadian military has been conducting sexual assault trials for over twenty years, there has been no academic study of them and no external review of them. This review of the military’s sexual assault cases (the first of its kind) yields several important findings. First, the conviction rate for the offence of sexual assault by courts martial is dramatically lower than the rate in Canada’s civilian criminal courts. The difference between acquittal rates in sexual assault cases in these two systems appears to be even larger. Since Operation Honour was launched in 2015 only one soldier has been convicted …

Go to article

Legal Frameworks For Protecting Cultural Heritage In Conflict Zones, Marcie M. Muscat Jan 2020

Legal Frameworks For Protecting Cultural Heritage In Conflict Zones, Marcie M. Muscat

Dissertations and Theses

Cultural heritage has always been at risk during times of war. UNESCO first endeavored to address the issue shortly after World War II, in 1954, when it passed the first of three signature conventions to protect against the damage, destruction, and pillage of cultural property in times of armed conflict. Lacunae and other deficiencies in their frameworks, however, rendered these conventions difficult to enforce and largely ineffectual. This study offers an assessment of the strengths and limitations of the UNESCO system of cultural-heritage protection, with a particular focus on the 1954 Hague Convention. It is argued that, by superseding certain …

Go to article

Momentum 2020, Stephanie Clarke Jan 2020

Momentum 2020, Stephanie Clarke

Momentum

A journal of undergraduate research

Go to article

Victim Impact Evidence In Capital Cases: Regulating The Admissibility Of Photographs And Videos In The Payne Era, Alexander H. Updegrove Jan 2020

Victim Impact Evidence In Capital Cases: Regulating The Admissibility Of Photographs And Videos In The Payne Era, Alexander H. Updegrove

Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Protection Or Suppression? Reevaluating The Constitutionality Of Voter Id Laws In Light Of New Empirical Evidence, Jared D. Michael Jan 2020

Protection Or Suppression? Reevaluating The Constitutionality Of Voter Id Laws In Light Of New Empirical Evidence, Jared D. Michael

Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy

No abstract provided.

Go to article

A Statistical Overview On Data Privacy, Fang Liu Jan 2020

A Statistical Overview On Data Privacy, Fang Liu

Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy

No abstract provided.

Go to article

January 2020 News Releases, University Of Montana--Missoula. Office Of University Relations Jan 2020

January 2020 News Releases, University Of Montana--Missoula. Office Of University Relations

University of Montana News Releases, 1928, 1956-present

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Secret Conviction Programs, Meghan J. Ryan Jan 2020

Secret Conviction Programs, Meghan J. Ryan

Faculty Journal Articles and Book Chapters

Judges and juries across the country are convicting criminal defendants based on secret evidence. Although defendants have sought access to the details of this evidence—the results of computer programs and their underlying algorithms and source codes—judges have generally denied their requests. Instead, judges have prioritized the business interests of the for-profit companies that developed these “conviction programs” and which could lose market share if the secret algorithms and source codes on which the programs are based were exposed. This decision has jeopardized criminal defendants’ constitutional rights.

Go to article

Escaping The Fingerprint Crisis: A Blueprint For Essential Research, Meghan J. Ryan Jan 2020

Escaping The Fingerprint Crisis: A Blueprint For Essential Research, Meghan J. Ryan

Faculty Journal Articles and Book Chapters

There is a fingerprint crisis in the courts. Judges and jurors regularly convict criminal defendants based on fingerprint evidence, but there are serious questions about the accuracy and reliability of this evidence. The few studies delving into the accuracy and reliability of fingerprint examiners’ work suggest a high error rate and demonstrate that, when faced with the same prints under different conditions, fingerprint examiners frequently reach different results than they previously reached. Further, there is no scientific basis for fingerprint matching. It is unknown whether and to what extent fingerprints are unique; the degree to which fingerprints change under various …

Go to article

Science And The Eighth Amendment, Meghan J. Ryan Jan 2020

Science And The Eighth Amendment, Meghan J. Ryan

Faculty Journal Articles and Book Chapters

As time hurtles forward, new science constantly emerges, and many scientific fields can shed light on whether a punishment is unconstitutionally cruel and unusual, or even on whether bail or fines are unconstitutionally excessive under the Eighth Amendment. In fact, in recent years, science has played an increasingly important role in the Court’s Eighth Amendment jurisprudence. From the development of an offender’s brain, to the composition of lethal injection drugs, even to measurements of pain, knowledge of various scientific fields is becoming central to understanding whether a punishment is unconstitutionally cruel and unusual. There are a number of limits to …

Go to article

Access To Algorithms, Hannah Bloch-Wehba Jan 2020

Access To Algorithms, Hannah Bloch-Wehba

Fordham Law Review

Federal, state, and local governments increasingly depend on automated systems—often procured from the private sector—to make key decisions about civil rights and liberties. When individuals affected by these decisions seek access to information about the algorithmic methodologies that produced them, governments frequently assert that this information is proprietary and cannot be disclosed. Recognizing that opaque algorithmic governance poses a threat to civil rights and liberties, scholars have called for a renewed focus on transparency and accountability for automated decision-making. But scholars have neglected a critical avenue for promoting public accountability and transparency for automated decision-making: the law of access to …

Go to article

Self-Efficacy Of Nacep Accredited Concurrent-Enrollment Program Instructors In Rural Community Colleges, Cecil B. Holland Jan 2020

Self-Efficacy Of Nacep Accredited Concurrent-Enrollment Program Instructors In Rural Community Colleges, Cecil B. Holland

Theses and Dissertations

Across the United States, high schools and community colleges are collaborating to offer students non-traditional educational programs that allow them to gain college credit including those accredited by the National Alliance of Concurrent Enrollment Partnerships (NACEP). Those teaching these classes must have high self-efficacy and enjoy their work if they are going to make a positive impact on the students they are educating. The theoretical framework for this research is based on Bandura’s Self-Efficacy Theory. The methodology for this qualitative research study utilized an integrated approach. Data collection consisted of one-on-one interviews with instructors who teach NACEP courses, administrators who …

Go to article

Public Perceptions Of Female Offenders And Their Treatment Needs, Laurel Purcel Jan 2020

Public Perceptions Of Female Offenders And Their Treatment Needs, Laurel Purcel

Theses and Dissertations

There has been an abundance of research examining public perceptions toward various areas of the criminal justice system. Much of this research has focused on measuring public support toward punishment and rehabilitation for offenders within prison. However, less is known with regards to public attitudes toward female offenders. The current study examined public perceptions toward rehabilitation among offenders in general, and female offenders in particular, the risk factors that contribute to female offenders committing crimes, and toward various issues that are common among female offenders and their subsequent treatment needs. Two hundred and fifty participants were recruited through Amazon Mechanical …

Go to article

Help-Seeking Stigma And Attitudes In College Students And Parents, Samantha Sperling Jan 2020

Help-Seeking Stigma And Attitudes In College Students And Parents, Samantha Sperling

Senior Honors Theses

Help-seeking stigma is a hindrance to obtaining treatment for mental illness and is related to people’s attitudes toward seeking help. Therefore, learning about the various types of stigma and gaining predictive knowledge of the constructs has value. Self-stigma and perceived stigma of others, as well as the attitudes people hold towards seeking help, were compared in college students and their parents. A sample of college students at a private Christian university and their parents were surveyed using the Self-Stigma of Seeking Help (SSOSH) scale, the Perception of Stigmatization by Others for Seeking Help (PSOSH) scale, and a short form of …

Go to article

Let’S Try This Again, Separate Educational Facilities Are Inherently Unequal: Why Minnesota Should Issue A Desegregation Order And Define Adequacy In Cruz-Guzman V. State, Christie Geter Jan 2020

Let’S Try This Again, Separate Educational Facilities Are Inherently Unequal: Why Minnesota Should Issue A Desegregation Order And Define Adequacy In Cruz-Guzman V. State, Christie Geter

Minnesota Journal of Law & Inequality

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Juror Perceptions Of Interview Quality From Child Victims With Autism, Megan Blackburn Jan 2020

Juror Perceptions Of Interview Quality From Child Victims With Autism, Megan Blackburn

Theses and Dissertations

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can affect multiple memory abilities, including episodic memory, source monitoring, and relational processing. The possibility of these memory deficits can affect how a child with ASD testifies in court if they are the victim or witness to a crime. These testimonies are especially crucial for Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) cases where one of the biggest challenges is the lack of physical evidence in most cases, which leads to an abundance of trials relying on the initial forensic interview with the victim and victim testimony. Due to this, and the increased chance of affected memory abilities, it …

Go to article

Leveraging Data To Reduce Gun Violence: The Cincinnati Experience, Matthew G. Hammer, Tamara D. Herold Jan 2020

Leveraging Data To Reduce Gun Violence: The Cincinnati Experience, Matthew G. Hammer, Tamara D. Herold

Criminal Justice Faculty Research

The year 2020 has amplified demands for more equitable policing, more efficient government, and greater transparency. As police leaders around the world attempt to maintain order and safety during a period of large-scale civil unrest, they must also address criticisms that existing law enforcement practices include biased interventions and reinforce systemic racism. Many law enforcement agencies are also responding to increasing numbers of serious crimes that disproportionately affect society’s most vulnerable communities, while simultaneously facing calls to “defund the police” fueled by accusations that challenge the legitimacy of their policing tactics. The strategies used by agencies to manage protests and …

Go to article

Crime Place Networks In Las Vegas: A New Violence Reduction Strategy, Tamara D. Herold Jan 2020

Crime Place Networks In Las Vegas: A New Violence Reduction Strategy, Tamara D. Herold

Criminal Justice Faculty Research

In 2017, the Las Vegas, Nevada, Metropolitan Police Department (LVMPD) adopted a series of interventions designed to reduce gang and gun violence across Las Vegas. In partnership with the International Association of Chiefs of Police/University of Cincinnati (IACP/UC) Center for Police Research and Policy and with evaluation funding provided by the Laura and John Arnold Foundation, the LVMPD implemented three violence reduction strategies: (1) focused deterrence (offender notification session); (2) hot spot patrols; and (3) place network investigations (PNI), also known as place-based investigations of violent offender territories (PIVOT), which is the focus here.

Go to article

What Epidemic? Rural, Suburban, And Urban Community Members' Perceptions Of Opioid Use In The Current Epidemic, Carly A. Besler Jan 2020

What Epidemic? Rural, Suburban, And Urban Community Members' Perceptions Of Opioid Use In The Current Epidemic, Carly A. Besler

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

The opioid epidemic in the United States does not discriminate. With previous research showing the rise of the opioid epidemic and how it is impacting all communities, there is a lack of research addressing perceptions towards the opioid epidemic on a national level and in local communities. Thus, my proposed thesis asks, what are the perceptions rural, suburban, and urban community members have towards opioid use within their community? More specifically, does institutional anomie on the national level, and social disorganization on the community level, influence perceptions of opioid use. Administered through a survey, via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk, I will …

Go to article

Exploring The Cultural And Structural Barriers Justice-Involved Individuals Of Color Encounter In Urban Community Colleges, Eddie J. Phillips, Jr. Jan 2020

Exploring The Cultural And Structural Barriers Justice-Involved Individuals Of Color Encounter In Urban Community Colleges, Eddie J. Phillips, Jr.

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

This dissertation examines the cultural and structural barriers justice-involved individuals of color encountered at an urban community college and the construct of stigma as a mechanism for creating cultural and structural barriers. Additionally, this study explores justice-involved individuals’ sense of belonging and self-efficacy as community college students. Findings revealed that all justice-involved individuals participating in the study encountered barriers. Despite the cultural and structural barriers participants encountered, many expressed a positive sense of belonging, self-efficacy, and “gifts” based on their newly discovered purpose as college students. Cultural and structural barriers, as well as a new sense of pride and purpose, …

Go to article

High-Impact Practices Support Second-Year Students' Academic Success, Engagement And Persistence, Melissa M. Cavazos-Eichelberger Jan 2020

High-Impact Practices Support Second-Year Students' Academic Success, Engagement And Persistence, Melissa M. Cavazos-Eichelberger

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

This study examined the perceptions of ten second-year students who participated in the Success Program at Midwestern four-year university. As part of the Success Program, these participants also participated in several high impact practices (HIPs) throughout their first year. Participants in this study shared their perceptions on the benefits of HIPs, how HIPs improved their academic success and engagement, making them want to persist, and any barriers they experienced, prohibiting their participation in HIPs. Findings indicated students perceived HIPs (a) enhanced academic success, (b) increased community engagement, (c) improved the likelihood of their persistence, and (d) that targeted HIPs should …

Go to article

The Hunt With John Walsh: True Crime Storytelling, Amanda R. Keeler Jan 2020

The Hunt With John Walsh: True Crime Storytelling, Amanda R. Keeler

College of Communication Faculty Research and Publications

In her analysis of The Hunt with John Walsh, Amanda Keeler explores the public service function of true crime television programs that feature unsolved or unresolved cases. Trough an investigation of visual style and narrative elements, Keeler examines the multiple intentions of television programs that seek to entertain audiences and simultaneously help solve crimes.

Go to article

Counter Narratives Of Black Female Educators In Exurban Schools, Monisha Douglas Moore Jan 2020

Counter Narratives Of Black Female Educators In Exurban Schools, Monisha Douglas Moore

All ETDs from UAB

This study explored how three Black female educators characterized their personal narratives regarding their teaching experiences. Guided by a social justice framework, this study attempted to show how Black women’s identities have been co-created, how their perceptions of success have been formulated, and how perceptions of academic success have helped them frame their pedagogy for diverse students. Because limited research has examined how Black female educators in exurban areas situated their perceptions and pedagogy to facilitate the needs of diverse students, this study added to the limited knowledge. Purposeful sampling was conducted at the site and participant level. The research …

Go to article

Public Participation As Peacebuilding: A New Model For Environmental Justice Communities, Kathryn E. Fagan Jan 2020

Public Participation As Peacebuilding: A New Model For Environmental Justice Communities, Kathryn E. Fagan

All ETDs from UAB

Environmental justice seeks to address the unequal burden of environmental problems experienced by minority and low-income communities and to ensure their meaningful participation in decision-making processes. While there is increasing attention being paid to the unequal distribution, there is a lack of work that focuses explicitly on public participation in an environmental justice context. Environmental problems, in general, are complex and involve a variety of stakeholders, and environmental justice problems are further complicated by the interconnections of structural racism, historical trauma, and damaged relationships. Many of these complexities can be seen in the ongoing efforts at the 35th Avenue Superfund …

Go to article

Development Of A Strengths And Empowerment Focused Group Intervention For Marginalized Populations With A Focus On Women, Low-Income, And Racial-Ethnic Minorities, Kristin Goradietsky Jan 2020

Development Of A Strengths And Empowerment Focused Group Intervention For Marginalized Populations With A Focus On Women, Low-Income, And Racial-Ethnic Minorities, Kristin Goradietsky

Theses and Dissertations

Members of marginalized groups face numerous stressors, including racism, discrimination, and a lack of access to quality mental health and medical care. Members of marginalized groups are also at a higher risk of developing mental health issues such as posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety. There is a lack of literature regarding effective mental health treatment for members of marginalized groups, including those who are homeless or low income; Black, indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC); and women. A literature review indicated interventions based in empowerment, positive psychology, mindfulness, and critical consciousness may be particularly applicable to vulnerable populations. Therefore, …

Go to article

Homicidal Loss And Disenfranchised Grief, Mothers Of Murdered Descendants: An Exploratory Qualitative Study, Michael Wayne Eagle Jan 2020

Homicidal Loss And Disenfranchised Grief, Mothers Of Murdered Descendants: An Exploratory Qualitative Study, Michael Wayne Eagle

Theses and Dissertations

Violent acts of homicide committed against youth or children can lead to prolonged, devastating, and painful effects on their surviving mothers. Sudden unexpected deaths of descendants can lead to anger, guilt, sorrow, and isolation affecting survivors both emotionally and physically. Descendants’ deaths before the mothers’ deaths are unnatural and can lead to a decline in a survivor’s social actions, a rise in hospitalization rates, higher cases of mortality, complicated grief, and symptoms of PTSD. Cases of disenfranchised grief can surface after a survivor’s loss is ignored or no longer culturally allowed. Instances of empathic failure can result when empathy from …

Go to article

Developing Active Learning Exercises For Any Content, Cynthia Dickerson, Rachel M. Hopp, Jeffery A. Masters Jan 2020

Developing Active Learning Exercises For Any Content, Cynthia Dickerson, Rachel M. Hopp, Jeffery A. Masters

Pedagogicon Conference Proceedings

Teaching and learning both should be fun, engaging, and impactful in lasting ways. Studies show that student engagement and information retention increases when students are immersed in active learning - hands-on usage of the information. Modern faculty members are seeking methods of incorporating active learning into their teaching, but may not know where to start when creating their own active learning materials. This paper will outline a process for creating new activities. Included are appendices full of creative active-learning formats (hot topics borrowed from primary and secondary education), as well as guidelines on when to use them that will make …

Go to article

Wrongful Convictions: Not Just An American Phenomenon?: An Investigation Into The Causes Of Wrongful Convictions In The United States, Germany, Italy, And Japan, Erin Schapiro Jan 2020

Wrongful Convictions: Not Just An American Phenomenon?: An Investigation Into The Causes Of Wrongful Convictions In The United States, Germany, Italy, And Japan, Erin Schapiro

Emory International Law Review

This Comment first examines the U.S. adversarial system and the causes of wrongful convictions in the U.S. adversarial system. This Comment then examines the German inquisitorial system and potential causes of wrongful convictions in the German inquisitorial system. Then, the Italian hybrid system and the potential causes of wrongful convictions in the Italian system. Finally, this Comment then examines the Japanese hybrid Saiban-in system and the potential cause of wrongful convictions in the Japanese system. This Comment proposes that, to prevent wrongful convictions, criminal justice reform must be undertaken to incorporate the positive aspects of the United States, German, Italian, …

Go to article

How To Reduce Mental Health Crises By Improving Training And Education For Law Enforcement First Responders, Ashley Shulski Jan 2020

How To Reduce Mental Health Crises By Improving Training And Education For Law Enforcement First Responders, Ashley Shulski

Selected Social Change Portfolios in Prevention, Intervention, and Consultation

This writer chose to focus her social issue on creating an improved 911 system staffed with trained mental health emergency workers who respond to mental health emergencies, and crisis calls concurrently with law enforcement officers. This method will help law enforcement officers ascertain the correct level of care for a person experiencing a mental health crisis. The same would be considered a prevention effort to reduce persons being revictimized by being arrested by uniformed police officers or providing appropriate mental health services at the time of crisis. There are advanced trained law enforcement officers competent to deal with behavioral health …

Go to article

Societal Impacts Of Sports Betting In Colorado, Lawerence Wall Jr. Jan 2020

Societal Impacts Of Sports Betting In Colorado, Lawerence Wall Jr.

Selected Social Change Portfolios in Prevention, Intervention, and Consultation

Sports betting has become legal in many states across the Unites States after the Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association United States Supreme Court case was ruled in favor of the former New Jersey Governor Chris Christie on May 14, 2018. This case overturned the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act (PASPA), allowing state-sponsored sports betting. PASPA was passed by Congress in 1992 to prohibit state-sanctioned sports gambling, except in four states: Delaware, Montana, Nevada, and Oregon, which already established legal sports betting regulations. New Jersey failed to apply in 1991 to be added to the list of exempt states …

Go to article

First Prev Next Last