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2020

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Never Mistake Law For Justice: Releasing Indigent Defendants From Legal Purgatory, R.K. Brinkmann Dec 2020

Never Mistake Law For Justice: Releasing Indigent Defendants From Legal Purgatory, R.K. Brinkmann

Washington Law Review

Washington courts impose two mandatory legal financial obligations (LFOs) on almost anyone who pleads guilty to or is convicted of a crime: a $100 DNA sample fee and a crime victim penalty assessment of $250 for misdemeanors and $500 for felonies. These fines run afoul of the Social Security Act, which bars attachment of Social Security benefits to pay debts, including LFOs. As a result, defendants whose sole source of income is Social Security benefits are not obligated to pay their mandatory LFOs. But such defendants cannot obtain certificates of discharge to clear their conviction records and thus complete their …

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Rwu Law News: The Newsletter Of Roger Williams University School Of Law 12-2020, Barry Bridges, Michael M. Bowden, Nicole Dyszlewski, Louisa Fredey Dec 2020

Rwu Law News: The Newsletter Of Roger Williams University School Of Law 12-2020, Barry Bridges, Michael M. Bowden, Nicole Dyszlewski, Louisa Fredey

Life of the Law School (1993- )

No abstract provided.

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Secondary Content Area Teachers’ Perceptions Of The Impact Of Teaching Explicit Reading Strategies On Reading Comprehension And Student Academic Performance, Sandra Dance Weaver Dec 2020

Secondary Content Area Teachers’ Perceptions Of The Impact Of Teaching Explicit Reading Strategies On Reading Comprehension And Student Academic Performance, Sandra Dance Weaver

Education Doctoral

Many students are entering high school unable to read proficiently. Other students are graduating from high school with reading skills below proficiency and are unprepared to meet the literacy demands of college or the workplace. The negative outcomes for these students graduating from high school and entering society as young adults with reduced literacy skills include an increased dropout rate, affiliation with the criminal justice system, unemployment, and reduced income earning power. Federal and state education reforms and standards continue to be implemented in an effort to improve the literacy crisis and academic performance of students. Secondary content area teachers …

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Specialized Police Units: Nypd Anti-Crime And The Effect Of Body-Worn Cameras, Rudolph B. Hall Jr. Dec 2020

Specialized Police Units: Nypd Anti-Crime And The Effect Of Body-Worn Cameras, Rudolph B. Hall Jr.

Education Doctoral

The use of body-worn cameras (BWC) by law enforcement organizations has continued to expand across the United States. The ability for BWC to bring about transparency, trust, and accountability between police and citizens has been touted as one of the significant benefits of BWC deployment. The assignment of BWC to uniformed officers has been a topic of multiple empirical studies. However, there has been a paucity of research directly focused on officers assigned to specialized plain-clothes enforcement, also known as anti-crime teams. These officers carry out a unique mission and purpose compared to their uniformed colleagues. The author utilized a …

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Job Satisfaction And Turnover Rates Of Women Assertive Community Treatment (Act) Team Leaders In Nyc Nonprofit Organizations., Sasha-Marie Robinson Dec 2020

Job Satisfaction And Turnover Rates Of Women Assertive Community Treatment (Act) Team Leaders In Nyc Nonprofit Organizations., Sasha-Marie Robinson

Education Doctoral

Job satisfaction and turnover of five former female assertive community treatment (ACT) team leaders and five current female ACT team leaders heading ACT teams within NYC was examined. Female ACT team leaders, as a specific subgroup, are often excluded from research within the general behavioral health cohort of providers. This study used a qualitative method and an exploratory case study design to gain greater insight into these phenomena. The researcher formulated an in-depth, rich description of the ACT team leaders’ roles, responsibilities, and work experiences using a demographic questionnaire, semi-structured interviews, and field notes. Participants were employed in the role …

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Library Perspectives, Issues 62/63, Spring/Fall 2020, Friends Of The Oberlin College Libraries Dec 2020

Library Perspectives, Issues 62/63, Spring/Fall 2020, Friends Of The Oberlin College Libraries

Library Perspectives Newsletter

This combined issue includes items about the commemoration of the centennial of women’s suffrage, the Friends annual meeting in November 2019, a farewell to Alexia Hudson-Ward, and much more.

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Quantifying The Simultaneous Effect Of Socio-Economic Predictors And Build Environment On Spatial Crime Trends, Alfieri Daniel Ek Dec 2020

Quantifying The Simultaneous Effect Of Socio-Economic Predictors And Build Environment On Spatial Crime Trends, Alfieri Daniel Ek

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Proper allocation of law enforcement agencies falls under the umbrella of risk terrainmodeling (Caplan et al., 2011, 2015; Drawve, 2016) that primarily focuses on crime prediction and prevention by spatially aggregating response and predictor variables of interest. Although mental health incidents demand resource allocation from law enforcement agencies and the city, relatively less emphasis has been placed on building spatial models for mental health incidents events. Analyzing spatial mental health events in Little Rock, AR over 2015 to 2018, we found evidence of spatial heterogeneity via Moran’s I statistic. A spatial modeling framework is then built using generalized linear models, …

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Comparing Corporeal Lineups To Photo Arrays, Andrew J. Costello, Blair Hoplight, Maria Lombardo Dec 2020

Comparing Corporeal Lineups To Photo Arrays, Andrew J. Costello, Blair Hoplight, Maria Lombardo

Journal of Criminal Justice and Law

An eyewitness identification study of a simulated theft of a laptop in a lecture hall was conducted in a northeastern university. After five days, 148 subjects attempted to identify the suspect from either a lineup or a photo array. Corporal lineups and video lineups were conducted in addition to traditional static photo arrays and a new “dynamic photo array” consisting of the use of front, left profile, and right profile images presented in an animated sequence within the standard six-pack photo array. No significant differences between correct identification, misidentification, and non-selection were found between any of the identification methods used. …

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Book Review: "Privilege And Punishment: How Race And Class Matter In Criminal Court" By Matthew Clair, Kevin Buckler Dec 2020

Book Review: "Privilege And Punishment: How Race And Class Matter In Criminal Court" By Matthew Clair, Kevin Buckler

Journal of Criminal Justice and Law

Matthew Clair, a sociologist at Stanford University, has written a timely and salient book that describes in intricate detail how the attorney-client relationship between lawyer and defendant reproduces race- and class-based disparities in a criminal court. The book, “Privilege and Punishment: How Race and Class Matter in Criminal Court,” published by Princeton University Press, examines just over 60 criminal defendants’ cases and how these defendants interacted with the criminal courts in Boston. It is an interesting and important read for lawyers and judges who practice in criminal courts, scholars and students of criminal justice, and anyone interested in …

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Weber And Judicial Legitimacy: A Critical Analysis Of The U.S. Supreme Court Immigration Cases Nielsen V. Preap (2019) And Barton V. Barr (2020), Frances P. Bernat, Craig Curtis, Rebecca Davalos Dec 2020

Weber And Judicial Legitimacy: A Critical Analysis Of The U.S. Supreme Court Immigration Cases Nielsen V. Preap (2019) And Barton V. Barr (2020), Frances P. Bernat, Craig Curtis, Rebecca Davalos

Journal of Criminal Justice and Law

This paper analyzes the legitimacy of two U.S. Supreme Court decisions, Nielsen v. Preap and Barton v. Barr, against the principles expressed in Max Weber’s theories regarding rational legal order and judicial legitimacy. The legitimacy of our judiciary depends on the public perception that it is a politically neutral, non-partisan arbiter of the rule of law in our society. When the Court is perceived as serving partisan interests, or promoting arbitrary action by the executive branch, its legitimacy is threatened. After careful exploration of the value of an impartial and politically neutral judiciary, as seen through the lens of …

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An Exploratory Study Of Occupational And Secondary Traumatic Stress Among A Mid-Sized Public Defenders’ Office, Elizabeth Dotson, David C. Brody, Ruibin Lu Dec 2020

An Exploratory Study Of Occupational And Secondary Traumatic Stress Among A Mid-Sized Public Defenders’ Office, Elizabeth Dotson, David C. Brody, Ruibin Lu

Journal of Criminal Justice and Law

The impact of stress on the mental and physical well-being of criminal justice professionals is of critical import for the effective operation of the criminal justice system. While a number of studies have examined various forms of stress among law enforcement and correctional officers, minimal research has examined the presence and impact of stressors among individuals working in the criminal courts. This exploratory study examines whether indigent defense attorneys suffer from occupational stress and secondary traumatic stress. A survey of attorneys from a mid-sized public defender’s office were found to have symptoms of severe occupational stress as well as high …

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Computational Behavioral Analytics: Estimating Psychological Traits In Foreign Languages., Kristopher Wayne Reese Dec 2020

Computational Behavioral Analytics: Estimating Psychological Traits In Foreign Languages., Kristopher Wayne Reese

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The rise of technology proliferating into the workplace has increased the threat of loss of intellectual property, classified, and proprietary information for companies, governments, and academics. This can cause economic damage to the creators of new IP, companies, and whole economies. This technology proliferation has also assisted terror groups and lone wolf actors in pushing their message to a larger audience or finding similar tribal groups that share common, sometimes flawed, beliefs across various social media platforms. These types of challenges have created numerous studies in psycholinguistics, as well as commercial tools, that look to assist in identifying potential threats …

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Evolution Of Confession Law, Madison Macpherson Dec 2020

Evolution Of Confession Law, Madison Macpherson

Senior Honors Theses

Many studies have been conducted to examine how false confessions occur, and what their impacts are. Throughout its history, America has instituted standards for interrogation procedures that are aligned with research findings and that build off constitutional principles. These are designed to protect individual rights while still accomplishing the goals of the judicial system. This paper discusses false confessions, interrogation laws, and how these impact a suspect, as well as the other influences acting upon suspects including plea bargaining and psychological processes. A compilation of research findings and case law culminates in the conclusion that changes must be made to …

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The Influence Of Emerging Adulthood On The Risky And Dangerous Behaviors Of Lgbt Populations, Christopher Salvatore, Tarika Daftary-Kapur Dec 2020

The Influence Of Emerging Adulthood On The Risky And Dangerous Behaviors Of Lgbt Populations, Christopher Salvatore, Tarika Daftary-Kapur

Department of Justice Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

During emerging adulthood, traditional social bonds and turning points may be delayed, not present, or may not work in the same manner as they had for prior generations, leading many to engage in risky and dangerous behaviors. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgendered emerging adults may be at particular risk for engaging in risky and dangerous behavior during emerging adulthood due to the lack of social bonds, reaching of turning points, as well as the historic stigmatization of these populations. Focusing on LGBT populations in the United States, the influence of emerging adulthood on risky and dangerous behaviors is presented; a …

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Restoring The Power Of The Convening Authority To Adjust Sentences, Jacob R. Weaver Dec 2020

Restoring The Power Of The Convening Authority To Adjust Sentences, Jacob R. Weaver

Michigan Law Review

In 2013, Congress abrogated the power of certain military officers to reduce court-martial sentences, thereby eliminating a military defendant’s best hope for efficient and effective relief from common legal errors in the military justice system. While the overhaul of the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) in 2016 promised significant reform, it ultimately failed to substantially reduce common legal errors. This Note analyzes how the 2013 and 2016 reforms have combined to prevent military defendants from receiving timely and adequate relief. In light of this analysis, this Note suggests an amendment to the UCMJ that would restore to certain officers …

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Through The Funnel: A Critical Policy Analysis Of Educational Policy Relating To The School-To-Prison Pipeline., Jesse V. Hall Dec 2020

Through The Funnel: A Critical Policy Analysis Of Educational Policy Relating To The School-To-Prison Pipeline., Jesse V. Hall

Special Education ETDs

The purpose of the present study involved analyzing the policies of the Trump administration to determine the ways it impacted the school-to-prison pipeline. The focus of the study included the Departments of Education and Justice. The findings revealed educational policies and deregulatory practices that maintained and intensified the school-to-prison pipeline.

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Labor Redemption In Work Law, Andrew Elmore Dec 2020

Labor Redemption In Work Law, Andrew Elmore

Articles

People with criminal records are not a protected class under Title VII, and many employers fear that hiring people with criminal records invites negligent hiring liability. Ban the Box privacy laws delay but may not deter overbroad criminal background checks. This Article challenges this standard account by shifting focus to the state in imposing arbitrary barriers to work. I expose a dignity interest in the removal of these unnecessary barriers, or "labor redemption." I find foundations of labor redemption in successful constitutional challenges to denials of public employment and occupational licenses. Labor redemption is also, increasingly, a statutory right, in …

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A Poll Tax By Another Name: Considering The Constitutionality Of Conditioning Naturalization And The “Right To Have Rights” On An Ability To Pay, John Harland Giammatteo Dec 2020

A Poll Tax By Another Name: Considering The Constitutionality Of Conditioning Naturalization And The “Right To Have Rights” On An Ability To Pay, John Harland Giammatteo

Journal Articles

Permanent residents must naturalize to enjoy full access to constitutional rights, particularly the right to vote. However, new regulations from U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), finalized in early August and originally slated to go into effect one month before the 2020 election, would drastically increase the cost of naturalization, moving it out of reach for many otherwise-qualified permanent residents, while at the same time abolishing any meaningful fee waiver for low-income applicants. In doing so, USCIS has sought to condition naturalization and its attendant rights on an individual’s financial status. In this Essay, I juxtapose the new fee regulations …

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Life After Reunification Fails, Lucy Kim Dec 2020

Life After Reunification Fails, Lucy Kim

Capstone Projects and Master's Theses

Court Appointed Special Advocates of Monterey County pairs community volunteers with foster youth so the youth has someone who can advocate for them in their personal lives, while pursuing a safe and permanent home. The primary goal of foster care is to reunify youth with their biological families, but this does not always work out. Some of the reasons children come into foster care include the opioid crisis, current immigration policy issues, and general child abuse/neglect. Youth are often confused about what their options are after reunification fails. This confusion causes some youth to have mental health issues, gang involvement, …

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Salinas Union High School District Resource Video, Carmen Ambriz Dec 2020

Salinas Union High School District Resource Video, Carmen Ambriz

Capstone Projects and Master's Theses

The Wellness Center at Harden Middle School opened in the Fall of 2019 and is new for students, parents, and faculty. Due to misconceptions about the Wellness Center and the resources offered, students are either not utilizing the Wellness Center or not using it correctly. Results from pre-surveys indicated that a combined 74.7% answered they didn’t know or sort of knew what a Wellness Center was used for. The factors contributing to this problem are the stigma surrounding mental health, parents not likely to support their children receiving services, and students dealing with socio-emotional issues that are impacting class time. …

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Annual Report, Fiscal Year 2019/2020, Tennessee. Department Of Safety & Homeland Security. Dec 2020

Annual Report, Fiscal Year 2019/2020, Tennessee. Department Of Safety & Homeland Security.

Annual Report

No abstract provided.

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Tennessee Felon Population Update, December 2020, Tennessee. Department Of Correction. Dec 2020

Tennessee Felon Population Update, December 2020, Tennessee. Department Of Correction.

Felon Population Reports

No abstract provided.

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A Study Of Black Family Members’ Perceptions Of Substance Use Supports, Tanya M. Henderson Dec 2020

A Study Of Black Family Members’ Perceptions Of Substance Use Supports, Tanya M. Henderson

Education Doctoral

Empirical literature shows the number of substance users has increased in the United States in the last 5 years. Support services are often limited to substance users only, leaving out families affected by addiction. Black individuals and families of substance users are underrepresented in the literature. The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of substance use support services for Black family members of substance users. Data were collected using a qualitative interpretive phenomenological analysis, semi-structured, virtual interviews, and purposive sampling. The data from 10 participants in New York State was analyzed through the lens of Bronfenbrenner’s ecological …

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Estimating Muzzle To Target Distance From The Physical Characteristics Of A Bullet Hole In Different Wood Substrates, Alan Lee Dec 2020

Estimating Muzzle To Target Distance From The Physical Characteristics Of A Bullet Hole In Different Wood Substrates, Alan Lee

Student Theses

Determining the muzzle to target distance of a firearm discharge is an integral part in crime scene reconstruction. Shooter distance is most often estimated using the Modified Griess test, which can be used to visualize gunshot residue (GSR) patterns around bullet holes. However, this test has a 3- to 5-feet range limit as the plume of GSR particles can only travel a certain distance past the muzzle. The purpose in this study was to develop a new method that overcomes this range limitation by analyzing the physical damage characteristics of a bullet hole. Test fires were conducted with a .22 …

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Stigma Reduction Programming In Monterey County, Don Heading Dec 2020

Stigma Reduction Programming In Monterey County, Don Heading

Capstone Projects and Master's Theses

Mental illness-related stigma is a barrier to societal inclusion and productivity. With nearly one in five individuals being impacted by mental illness in the United States (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2019), there is a greater need for understanding through education to support those affected by mental illness. Stigma impacts those with mental illness in the realms of employment, housing, and incarceration. The Success Over Stigma Program located within the OMNI Resource Center in Salinas, California addresses the lack of education by offering contact-based community education delivered by those affected by mental illness. The project addressed the need …

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Insufficient Post Secondary Information For Students In Alternative Schools, Iradzeni Salazar Dec 2020

Insufficient Post Secondary Information For Students In Alternative Schools, Iradzeni Salazar

Capstone Projects and Master's Theses

Access to resources and information is important as it can help individuals plan for future goals and enable them to become successful in life. Youth Alliance is a non-profit organization that serves children, youth, and families through culturally relevant services and programs. A program offered is Restorative Justice, which serves at-risk youth at a continuation school. Few students continue with their education after graduating from alternative schools. Insufficient knowledge about post-secondary education as well as discouragement from peers and academic history contribute to students not acquiring a post-secondary education. Consequently, these individuals are more likely to fall into the school …

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In-Training Improvement: A Tactical Athletic Approach To Enhance The Performance And Wellness Of Law Enforcement Officers, Shai-Enne Kerry Haynes Dec 2020

In-Training Improvement: A Tactical Athletic Approach To Enhance The Performance And Wellness Of Law Enforcement Officers, Shai-Enne Kerry Haynes

Masters Theses

Fitness and musculoskeletal injuries are a major health concern among United States law enforcement personnel. The objectives of this study were twofold: 1) to compare the effects of wearing work gear and not wearing work gear during job related specific activities; and 2) identify the negative effects of the required work equipment on law officials and exploring methods to decrease the negative effects. There is an undeniable prevalence of law officials and back issues and other musculoskeletal complications which presents an interrelated research and field test environment. This study leverages research to help advance the knowledge of law enforcement performance, …

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Attitudes Of Criminal Justice Students' Towards Women: Hegemonic Masculinity In The Workplace, Lauren Escovedo Dec 2020

Attitudes Of Criminal Justice Students' Towards Women: Hegemonic Masculinity In The Workplace, Lauren Escovedo

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of the following study is to examine positive, benevolent, and hostile attitudes towards women in the workplace held by criminal justice students enrolled at the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley. As well, to examine whether or not criminal justice students enrolled at the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley believe that criminal justice personnel create a gender-neutral classroom environment. The application Qualtrics XM was used to comprise a 35 question survey that, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, was administered online to students for a two week period during the Fall 2020 semester. Criminal justice students …

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Examining The Indoctrination Of Mexican American Criminal Justice Students, Noe Leal Jr. Dec 2020

Examining The Indoctrination Of Mexican American Criminal Justice Students, Noe Leal Jr.

Theses and Dissertations

Mexican American Criminal Justice students (MACJS) sometimes select a career in Department of Homeland Security, which has a history of systemic racism and oppression. The purpose of this thesis is to examine MACJS conformity to U.S. ideological hegemony and examine the differences in their understanding of human rights/ethics. A questionnaire was administered to MACJS (n = 156) wishing to pursue a career in DHS. The survey instrument used is based on the concepts of Social Identification: Mexican versus U.S. American; Support for Nationalist Racist Policies, Internal Colonialism, Followership by engaging in policies/orders by the government; and Human Rights: Knowledge of …

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College Students' And Educators' Attitudes Toward Offenders With Mental Illness, Sulema Perales Dec 2020

College Students' And Educators' Attitudes Toward Offenders With Mental Illness, Sulema Perales

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of the present study was to examine college students’ and college educators’ attitudes toward offenders with mental illness (MI). A non-experimental, exploratory research design was used to measure the following variables: demographics characteristics, academic major/teaching discipline, and personal relationships with offenders. Correlational and regression analyses and a one-way analysis of variance were used to analyze the data for 349 college students and 35 college educator participants. The results of the study showed there was a significant relationship between college students’ attitudes toward offenders with MI and students’ academic major. The results also showed significant relationships between college students’ …

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