Digital Commons Network^™

‘I’M My Own Boss…’: Active Intermediation And ‘Entrepreneurial’ Worker Agency In The Australian Gig-Economy, Tom Barratt, Caleb Goods, Alex Veen

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Platform firm in the gig-economy are disrupting work as a social practice, production systems and recasting capital-labour relations. This qualitative study examines worker agency in the Australian food-delivery sector; a segment where platforms actively intermediate both product and labour markets. Within this sector, worker agency poses a potential challenge to platform-organisations; however this study reveals how these platforms’ work organisation and market regulation constrain agency potential. Shaped by the work’s spatio-temporal features, organisational fixes and institutional context, it is shown how food-delivery workers, transiently attached to the labour market, predominantly engage in ‘entrepreneurial agency’ – a low-level agency expression aimed …

Backpacker Identity: Scale Development And Validation, Ganghua Chen, Lijun Zhao, Songshan (Sam) Huang

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Backpacker identity has attracted growing attention in backpacker tourism research. However, there still lacks a valid scale to measure backpacker identity. Guided by Social Identity Theory (SIT), this study aims to develop and validate a scale to measure backpacker identity in the Chinese context. The study used two Chinese backpacker samples in two stages (Study 1, n=190; Study 2, n=323) to establish the psychometric properties of a backpacker identity scale (BIS). Following the process of scale development, a three-dimension (i.e., self-categorization, group self-value, and group self-evaluation) backpacker identity measurement model was identified. The refined scale with 16 measurement …

No Happy Accident: Defining The Factors Contributing To The Success And Longevity Of A Long-Running Community Engagement Program, Jennifer Irvine

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

The Kalamunda Community Learning Centre (‘the Centre’) was established in 1977 by a group of four women, following their attendance at a conference held by the Women’s Electoral Lobby. Originally named the Kalamunda Women’s Learning Centre, it was established with a charter to improve the status of women, whilst providing a place to alleviate isolation and boredom for ‘stay at home’ mothers. Through its structure, underpinned by feminist ideology, the Centre also provided a place for women to practice skills that would build their confidence with respect to returning to the workforce. From its beginnings with a predominant focus on …

The Experiences Of Western Australian Muslims Within The Current Political And Social Environment, John Lehane

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

The purpose of this research was to examine the experiences of Western Australian (WA) Muslims, within the context of the current Australian political and social climate, with a key focus on how political and social factors, and the vast introduction of Australian antiterrorism legislation, may impact them. Also explored in this inquiry, was how mainstream media and their regular portrayal of Islamic-inspired terrorist attacks, which has at times connected all Muslims to these atrocities, is creating a social division within the Australian community which is difficult to overcome.

A generic qualitative methodology was utilised to best capture the lived experiences …

Soul Food: [Re]Framing The African-American Farming Crisis Using The Culture-Centered Approach, Andrew Laurence Carter, Adam Alexander

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Historically, African-American farmers faced a long and challenging struggle to own land and operate independently. In recent years, several factors, including unfair policy legislation, institutionalized racism, the mechanization of agriculture, and increases in agricultural technology have exacerbated land loss and decreases in farm ownership. Currently, African-American farmers are vastly underrepresented, comprising just 2% of the nation's farmers, 0.5% of farmland and 0.2% of total agricultural sales. As a site for inquiry, this topic has been examined across many academic sub-disciplines, however, the literature has not yet explored how the erasure of the African-American farmer influences the conversation about broader diet-related …

Third-Party Effects In Stakeholder Interviews, Melissa Beresford, J. Leah Jones, Julia C. Bausch, Clinton F. Williams, Amber Wutich, Sarah Porter, Barbara Quimby, Weston M. Eaton, Kathryn J. Brasier

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

This paper examines the effect of having a third-party scientific expert present in stakeholder interviews. The study was conducted as part of a larger project on stakeholder engagement for natural resource management in the Verde Valley region of Arizona. We employed an experimental design, conducting stakeholder interviews both with and without an identified scientific expert present. Our sample consisted of 12 pairs of interviewees (24 total participants) who we matched based on their occupation, sex, and spatial proximity. For each pair, the scientific expert was present as a third party in one interview and absent in the other. We used …

Navigating Refugee Subjecthood: Cambodian American Education, Identity, And Resilience, Yvonne Y. Kwan

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

To investigate trauma formation associated with the intricacy of Cambodian-specific experiences, this study examines how refugee identities and daily diasporic experiences shape the larger subject positions of subsequent generations—particularly through the concept of refugee subjecthood. Cambodia American students’ navigation of ethnic and racial identity reveals that in comparison to the available discursive narratives about their history (given to them through multicultural education), the younger generations’ is an inexact fit. To draw out the relationships between collective feelings and social experiences, this article addresses how Cambodian American students not only come into recognition about their positions as refugee subjects but also …

Trajectories Of Hiv-Related Internalized Stigma And Disclosure Concerns Among Art Initiators And Non-Initiators In South Africa, Brian T. Chan, Brendan G. Maughan-Brown, Laura M. Bogart, Valerie A. Earnshaw, Gugulethu Tshabalala, Ingrid Courtney, Janan J. Dietrich, Catherine Orrell, Glenda Gray, David R. Bangsberg, Alexander C. Tsai, Ingrid T. Katz

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

HIV-related stigma among people living with HIV (PLHIV) is associated with worse health outcomes. We used longitudinal data from a multisite cohort in South Africa to assess changes over time in stigma after HIV diagnosis and determine whether antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation is associated with stigma reduction. We administered the Internalized AIDS-Related Stigma Scale (IARSS, a six-item dichotomous scale questionnaire) at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months to newly diagnosed ART-eligible participants between 2014 and 2015. A confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the IARSS contained a four-item internalized stigma factor (α = .80) and a two-item disclosure concerns factor (α …

Covid-19 And Individuals With Developmental Disabilities: Tragic Realities And Cautious Hope, Samuel J. Levine

Scholarly Works

The COVID-19 pandemic has cast the United States, along with the rest of the world, into a time of crisis and uncertainty unlike any other in recent memory. Months into the pandemic, there is scant agreement among scientists, government officials, and large segments of the public, both domestic and abroad, as to determining the causes and workings of the virus, designing appropriate and effective responses to the outbreak, and constructing accurate assessments of the future—or even of the present. Indeed, the availability of concrete information about the virus and its effects is grossly inadequate and often replaced by anecdotal or …

Sacramental Shame In Black Churches: How Racism And Respectability Politics Shape The Experiences Of Black Lgbtq And Same-Gender-Loving Christians, Theresa W. Tobin, Dawne Moon

Philosophy Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Crossing Boundaries: Steps Toward Measuring Undergraduates' Interdisciplinary Science Understanding, Brie Tripp, Sophia A. Voronoff, Erin Shortlidge

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

A desired outcome of education reform efforts is for undergraduates to effectively integrate knowledge across disciplines in order to evaluate and address real-world issues. Yet there are few assessments designed to measure if and how students think interdisciplinarily. Here, a sample of science faculty were surveyed to understand how they currently assess students’ interdisciplinary science understanding. Results indicate that individual writing-intensive activities are the most frequently used assessment type (69%). To understand how writing assignments can accurately assess students’ ability to think interdisciplinarily, we used a preexisting rubric, designed to measure social science students’ interdisciplinary understanding, to assess writing assignments …

Between “Us” And “Them”: Political Subjectivities In The Shadows Of The 2018 Brazilian Election, Charles H. Klein, Milena Mateuzi Carmo, Alessandra Tavares

Anthropology Faculty Publications and Presentations

This article examines political subjectivities, community engagements and voting practices among residents of São Paulo’s Zona Sul peripheries in the three years preceding Brazil’s 2018 presidential election. Building on a 398-person household survey, 46 in-depth interviews, and extensive participation observation over the course of a fouryear study, we argue that although most residents of our study communities across the political spectrum are disenchanted with institutional politics, many maintain political engagement through their everyday lives, including activism centered on intersectional identities and state-sponsored violence/genocide. Our discussion combines statistical analysis and auto-ethnographic inflected vignettes and is in dialogue with two common themes …

A Systematic Review Of Mindfulness Interventions’ Impact On Athlete Emotional Distress & Wellbeing, Trevor Nathan Tierney

Theses and Dissertations--Kinesiology and Health Promotion

Mindfulness-based interventions’ (MBIs) effectiveness for improving wellbeing and reducing emotional distress is well-documented in both clinical and non-clinical sections of the general population (McAlarnen & Longshore, 2017). Although mindfulness has been shown to be effective with these populations, less is known about the specific effects for athletes. The effects of MBI’s for athletes may be different given that the intention for MBIs in the sport context is typically to improve performance, where in most other contexts it is not (Gardner & Moore, 2012). Furthermore, athletes are a distinct population who possess unique factors on which their wellbeing and mental health …

Negotiating My Chineseness In College: The Complexities And Uniqueness Of Being Chinese American, Yan Wang

Theses and Dissertations--Educational Policy Studies and Evaluation

Chinese Americans are historically perceived as “perpetual foreigners” in the American political, cultural and racial discourses. People of Chinese descent have long been conceived as sharing a same ancestor as those in China. Situated in the global context of China’s rise in the world, culturally, politically and economically, this research looks at how Chinese American college students negotiate their ethnic identity in the Midwest of the United States. The current Coronavirus outbreak brought new waves of anti-Chinese/Asian sentiment into American political and cultural life. This rhetoric makes the discussion of Chinese American college students’ ethnicity construction crucial.

Using qualitative research …

The Sound Of Leadership: The Self-Leadership Strategies Of Local Activist Musicians, John Hill

Theses and Dissertations--Education Sciences

Within this dissertation I focused on the examination of local activist musicians’ self-leadership strategies and the method in which they lead social change movements. Additionally, I sought to increase the understanding of charismatic leadership, self-leadership strategies of local activist musicians, and the method in which local activist musicians lead social movements. To my knowledge, no published studies have explored local activist musicians’ self-leadership strategies. Therefore, this study is significant because I (a) explored a term which lacks a unifying definition, charismatic leadership, (b) provided theoretical foundations for activist musicians and social change, and (c) explored the self-leadership strategies of …

Muslim College Students And Civic Engagement, Aus Abdulwahhab

Theses and Dissertations--Educational Policy Studies and Evaluation

This study explores the nature of civic engagement of Muslim college students in the United States. The Community of Practice Theory is used as a conceptual structure to explore the relation between meaning, practice, identity and organization for Muslim students active in civic engagement through campus-based Muslim Student organizations. Pluralism, as shared values that combine different people and advocates wider civic participation, was adopted as part of the conceptual framework to see how the Muslim students think, serve, learn, and develop throughout the process of engagement on campus and in the local community. Particular attention is paid to the impacts …

What Does It Mean To Be White: Investigating White Culture, White Privilege And Allyship Through The Lens Of Aspiring White Allies, Brett Kirkpatrick

Theses and Dissertations--Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology

In 2017, prominent counseling psychologists stressed the need to make Whiteness and allyship a focus of future research. In particular, they noted that a comprehensive definition of what it means to be White was missing from the extant literature within counseling psychology. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), the present study recruited 10 White individuals, who self-identified as an ally, and asked them to describe how they experienced being White and an ally in their everyday lives. Findings revealed that White culture and White privilege have components that are visible and invisible to White individuals. The more visible component of White …

Reviving The Rules, Roles, And Rituals Of Resiliency, Don Offutt

Theses and Dissertations--Curriculum and Instruction

This descriptive case study of a historical period in education in the Commonwealth of Kentucky identifies the resiliency factors utilized by the first class to desegregate the Bowling Green, Kentucky, public school system. The participants in the study were members of the first African-American class to integrate the Bowling Green school system in 1965.

Critical Race Theory provided the tenets undergirding the research study. The qualitative research methods included conducting semi-structured interviews with participants; studying documents and artifacts from the era; having conversations with community members and educators; and collecting, archiving, and housing Bowling Green African-American education documents, artifacts, and …

Assessing Learning Efficiency In Narrative Simulation Delivered Through Interactive Multimedia, Christopher Shannon Daniel

Theses and Dissertations--Curriculum and Instruction

This study evaluated the effects of Narrative Simulation (NS) on learning and cognitive load. Specifically, it measured the potential differences in observed instructional efficiency when comparing a self-paced expository multimedia lesson to a NS lesson which involves a character-focused story with multiple decision inputs at key points.

This ex post facto design observed 119 participants consisting of preservice teachers from a large public university in the southeastern United States. They were divided into two sequence groups: (a) Expository Lesson Group; and (b) Narrative Simulation group. The Expository group received Expository Lesson One first, then Expository Lesson Two, and then Narrative …

A Study Of The Impact Of Covid-19 On Home Delivery Purchases And Expenditures, Avinash Unnikrishnan, Miguel A. Figliozzi

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Lockdowns caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have significantly affected shopping behavior. This study surveys people living in Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro Metropolitan area on household and demographic characteristics, e-commerce and home delivery service and product preferences, number of deliveries made before and during the COVID-19 lockdown, and household expenditures on home deliveries. Ordered choice models are developed to understand factors that affect the number of online deliveries made before COVID-19, and the number and household expenditures on online deliveries during the COVID-19 lockdown. Results indicate that higher-income households are more likely to make more online deliveries and spend more money on home deliveries …

Application Of Bibliometric Laws And Literature Mapping On “Stress”, Asifa Ali, Afreen Niyaz Miss, Naheed Vaida Prof., Farhat Hassan Wani Dr.

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Today we are living in global ICT market, where technology, user perception, competition, International rivals, culture and social environment are increasingly changing day by day than our expectations. We have to prepare ourselves according to the rapid changes of ICT in fast changing environment. If we fail to face these challenges and demands, we would easily fall into the trap of stress. Stress is a negative consequence of modern living. People are stressed due to overwork, job insecurity, health related issues, multiple responsibilities and increase in pace of life. Pascal (1992) defined stress in terms of perceived environmental situation which …

Authorship Pattern On Dentistry Research During 1999-2018: A Scientometric Profile, Saddam Hosaain, Dr. M.Sadik Batcha

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

In recent years there have been few Scientometricstudies in Dentistry Research at the world perspective. The aim of this study is to elaborate the scientific productionof original and review articles published in the dental journals for the study period 1999 to 2018,considering qualitative and quantitative measures from all over the countries. All the records were downloaded completely from the Web of Science (WoS) online database during the period of study. The total output was 15970 records from 1635 journals. The results show that the year 2018 was considered the most productive with 1411 (8.84%) publications. Among the authors, Lang NP …

Incorporating The Internet In Learning By The Management Science Students And Its Effect On Their Academic Achievements, Shehzad Ahmad Dr, Rafiq Muhammad Dr, Sajjad Ahmad Sajjad

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Abstract

Purpose: The study was planned with a clear purpose to examine how Management Science students incorporate the internet in their education and what outcomes it has on their academic performance.

Research Design: A quantitative survey approach was adopted. For this purpose data were collected from a sample of 225 Management Science students scattered in five selected universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan using non-random proportionate sampling technique.

Key Findings: The findings of the study indicate that 55% of students do not possess personal computer/Laptops. A vast majority of the respondents (79%) used the internet at their homes and 80% students …

Information Literacy Among Students Of The University Of Ghana Business School And Ghana Institute Of Management And Public Administration Business School, Prosper Kwame Amegashie, Samuel Ankamah

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The acquisition of information literacy skills empowers students to understand the content, extend their research and assume greater control over their learning. The purpose of the study is to assess information literacy skills of levels 300 and 400 students of the University of Ghana Business School, Legon and Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration Business School, Achimota. From a population of 2,579 respondents (students), a sample size of 202 that is, 86 UGBS and 116 GIMPABS were selected for the study. The questionnaire was used to gathered and analysed data. The findings of this study show that students agreed …

Addressing Sexual Assault: How Architectural Design Can Promote Life Long Healing, Diana Heliotis

Theses

The Trauma of any origin can forever alter the way individuals live their everyday lives. Relationships with people, places, and the self are compromised and may never fully heal. Generally, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder is a globally accepted condition, with many great strides being made to provide centers of continual healing to those who suffer from it. The two most common demographics that are clinically diagnosed with PTSD are military Veterans and survivors of sexual assault. Where there is a lot of research and active development towards establishing treatments in combination with spacial and architectural design for Veterans, there is virtually …

Constitutional Scholars As Constitutional Actors, Liora Lazarus

All Faculty Publications

Few constitutional scholars would dispute that Carl Schmitt played a legitimating role in the downfall of the Weimar Republic, or that Albert Venn Dicey has defined the UK and other commonwealth constitutions. Why then is there no general conception of constitutional scholars as constitutional actors? It is now well established that ‘to understand how our Constitution and laws are practised, it is necessary to study and understand many more institutions in the system than simply the Judiciary’ While the focus has broadened to include a range of constitutional office holders and institutions, little has been said about the role and …

The Paradox Of Automation As Anti-Bias Intervention, Ifeoma Ajunwa

Faculty Publications

A received wisdom is that automated decision-making serves as an anti-bias intervention. The conceit is that removing humans from the decision-making process will also eliminate human bias. The paradox, however, is that in some instances, automated decision-making has served to replicate and amplify bias. With a case study of the algorithmic capture of hiring as a heuristic device, this Article provides a taxonomy of problematic features associated with algorithmic decision-making as anti-bias intervention and argues that those features are at odds with the fundamental principle of equal opportunity in employment. To examine these problematic features within the context of algorithmic …

Bot Contracts, Deborah R. Gerhardt, David Thaw

Faculty Publications

In this Article, we explain why the transactions commonly known as “smart contracts” are better understood as “bot contracts.” Taking an interdisciplinary approach, we show why the “smart contracts” moniker is misdescriptive in two important ways. First, these transactions are automated, not smart. Second, they do not afford parties many enforcement rights and defenses that one expects from common law contractual relationships. To fully understand these transactions, it is important to appreciate how the term “smart contracts” differs from what the technology delivers.

Our review of the technology explains that these transactions have tremendous practical utility in reducing risk and …

Identity: Obstacles And Openings, Osamudia James

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Information Literacy And Political Conflict In The Whatsapp Group, Hanny Hafiar, La Ode Herman, La Tarifu, Sitti Utami Rezkiawaty Kamil, Faturachman Alputra Sudirman, Fera Tri Susilawaty

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Conflicts can occur due to lack of information literacy. Political information disseminated through Whatsapp group often creates political conflicts. The purpose of this article is to examine the political conflict that causes members to leave a group on a whatsapp group, as well as other members' reactions in responding to it. The method used is quantitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the comments given after the members who leave the group, among others: comments on personal leaving groups, comments on conflicts that occur, comments on problems that cause conflict, and comments on social and political conditions that occur. The …