Digital Commons Network^™

Lipin-1 Contributes To Il-4 Mediated Macrophage Polarization, Sunitha Chandran, Robert M Schilke, Cassidy M R Blackburn, Aila Yurochko, Rusella Mirza, Rona S Scott, Brian N Finck, Matthew D Woolard

Open Access Publications

Macrophage responses contribute to a diverse array of pathologies ranging from infectious disease to sterile inflammation. Polarization of macrophages determines their cellular function within biological processes. Lipin-1 is a phosphatidic acid phosphatase in which its enzymatic activity contributes to macrophage pro-inflammatory responses. Lipin-1 also possesses transcriptional co-regulator activity and whether this activity is required for macrophage polarization is unknown. Using mice that lack only lipin-1 enzymatic activity or both enzymatic and transcriptional coregulator activities from myeloid cells, we investigated the contribution of lipin-1 transcriptional co-regulator function toward macrophage wound healing polarization. Macrophages lacking both lipin-1 activities did not elicit IL-4 …

Quantitative Definition Of Neurobehavior, Vision, Hearing And Brain Volumes In Macaques Congenitally Exposed To Zika Virus, Michelle R. Koenig, Kevin Noguchi, Et Al.

Open Access Publications

Congenital Zika virus (ZIKV) exposure results in a spectrum of disease ranging from severe birth defects to delayed onset neurodevelopmental deficits. ZIKV-related neuropathogenesis, predictors of birth defects, and neurodevelopmental deficits are not well defined in people. Here we assess the methodological and statistical feasibility of a congenital ZIKV exposure macaque model for identifying infant neurobehavior and brain abnormalities that may underlie neurodevelopmental deficits. We inoculated five pregnant macaques with ZIKV and mock-inoculated one macaque in the first trimester. Following birth, growth, ocular structure/function, brain structure, hearing, histopathology, and neurobehavior were quantitatively assessed during the first week of life. We identified …

Characterization Of Radiotherapy Component Impact On Mr Imaging Quality For An Mrgrt System, Benjamin C Lewis, Bruce Gu, Ryan Klett, Rajiv Lotey, Olga L Green, Taeho Kim

Open Access Publications

Radiotherapy components of an magnetic resonnace-guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) system can alter the magnetic fields, causing spatial distortion and image deformation, altering imaging and radiation isocenter coincidence and the accuracy of dose calculations. This work presents a characterization of radiotherapy component impact on MR imaging quality in terms of imaging isocenter variation and spatial integrity changes on a 0.35T MRgRT system, pre- and postupgrade of the system. The impact of gantry position, MLC field size, and treatment table power state on imaging isocenter and spatial integrity were investigated. A spatial integrity phantom was used for all tests. Images were acquired for …

Hippocampal Volume In Provisional Tic Disorder Predicts Tic Severity At 12-Month Follow-Up, Soyoung Kim, Deanna J Greene, Carolina Badke D'Andrea, Emily C Bihun, Jonathan M Koller, Bridget O'Reilly, Bradley L Schlaggar, Kevin J Black

Open Access Publications

Previous studies have investigated differences in the volumes of subcortical structures (e.g., caudate nucleus, putamen, thalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus) between individuals with and without Tourette syndrome (TS), as well as the relationships between these volumes and tic symptom severity. These volumes may also predict clinical outcome in Provisional Tic Disorder (PTD), but that hypothesis has never been tested. This study aimed to examine whether the volumes of subcortical structures measured shortly after tic onset can predict tic symptom severity at one-year post-tic onset, when TS can first be diagnosed. We obtained T1-weighted structural MRI scans from 41 children with PTD …

Newborn Screening For Pompe Disease In Illinois: Experience With 684,290 Infants, Barbara K Burton, Joel Charrow, George E Hoganson, Julie Fleischer, Dorothy K Grange, Stephen R Braddock, Lauren Hitchins, Rachel Hickey, Katherine M Christensen, Daniel Groepper, Heather Shryock, Pamela Smith, Rong Shao, Khaja Basheeruddin

Open Access Publications

Statewide newborn screening for Pompe disease began in Illinois in 2015. As of 30 September 2019, a total of 684,290 infants had been screened and 395 infants (0.06%) were screen positive. A total of 29 cases of Pompe disease were identified (3 infantile, 26 late-onset). While many of the remainder were found to have normal alpha-glucosidase activity on the follow-up testing (234 of 395), other findings included 62 carriers, 39 infants with pseudodeficiency, and eight infants who could not be given a definitive diagnosis due to inconclusive follow-up testing.

Intramuscular Delivery Of Replicon Rna Encoding Zikv-117 Human Monoclonal Antibody Protects Against Zika Virus Infection, Jesse H. Erasmus, Jennifer Govero, Qing Tan, Lorellin A. Durnell, Michael S. Diamond, Larissa B. Thackray, Et Al.

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Mental Health And Weather Extremes In A Southeastern U.S. City: Exploring Group Differences By Race, Lisa Reyes Mason, Bonita B Sharma, Jayme E Walters, Christine C Ekenga

Open Access Publications

The connection between mental health and weather extremes is a public health concern, but less studied to date than physical health. This exploratory study examines the mental health impacts of two kinds of weather extremes increasingly linked to climate change-summer heat waves and extreme winter weather-in a low- to middle-income population in the Southeastern U.S. The distribution of mental health impacts, and potential pathways to them, are examined with a focus on race. Data are from a random-sample survey of 426 participants and are analyzed with bivariate statistics and path analysis. Self-reported mental health impacts, in both seasons, were common …

Self-Perception Of Physical Function Contributes To Participation In Cognitively- And Physically-Demanding Activities After Stroke, Marjorie L Nicholas, Kari Burch, Julianne R Mitchell, Annie B Fox, Carolyn M Baum, Lisa Tabor Connor

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Federated Learning In Medicine: Facilitating Multi‑Institutional Collaborations Without Sharing Patient Data, Micah J. Sheller, Brandon Edwards, G. Anthony Reina, Jason Martin, Sarthak Pati, Aikaterini Kotrotsou, Mikhail Milchenko, Weilin Xu, Daniel Marcus, Rivka R. Colen, Spyridon Bakas

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Focal Dynamic Thermal Imaging For Label‑Free High‑Resolution Characterization Of Materials And Tissue Heterogeneity, Christine M. O'Brien, Hongyu Meng, Leonid Shmuylovich, Julia Carpenter, Praneeth Gogineni, Haini Zhang, Kevin Bishop, Suman B. Mondal, Gail P. Sudlow, Cheryl Bethea, Clyde Bethea, Samuel Achilefu

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Aerococcus Urinae Isolated From Women With Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: In Vitro Aggregation And Genome Analysis, Evann E Hilt, Catherine Putonti, Krystal Thomas-White, Amanda L Lewis, Karen L Visick, Nicole M Gilbert, Alan J Wolfe

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Mapping Of The Language Network With Deep Learning, Patrick Luckett, John J Lee, Ki Yun Park, Donna Dierker, Andy G S Daniel, Benjamin A Seitzman, Carl D Hacker, Beau M Ances, Eric C Leuthardt, Abraham Z Snyder, Joshua S Shimony

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Competitive Tight-Binding Inhibition Of Vkorc1 Underlies Warfarin Dosage Variation And Antidotal Efficacy, Shuang Li, Shixuan Liu, Xiaoran Roger Liu, Mengru Mira Zhang, Weikai Li

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Flynet 2.0: Drosophila Heart 3d (2d + Time) Segmentation In Optical Coherence Microscopy Images Using A Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network, Zhao Dong, Jing Men, Zhiwen Yang, Jason Jerwick, Airong Li, Rudolph E Tanzi, Chao Zhou

Open Access Publications

A custom convolutional neural network (CNN) integrated with convolutional long short-term memory (LSTM) achieves accurate 3D (2D + time) segmentation in cross-sectional videos of the Drosophila heart acquired by an optical coherence microscopy (OCM) system. While our previous FlyNet 1.0 model utilized regular CNNs to extract 2D spatial information from individual video frames, convolutional LSTM, FlyNet 2.0, utilizes both spatial and temporal information to improve segmentation performance further. To train and test FlyNet 2.0, we used 100 datasets including 500,000 fly heart OCM images. OCM videos in three developmental stages and two heartbeat situations were segmented achieving an intersection over …

Targeting Unconventional Host Components For Vaccination-Induced Protection Against Tb, Elisa Nemes, Shabaana A Khader, Rosemary V Swanson, Willem A Hanekom

Open Access Publications

The current tuberculosis (TB) vaccine, Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), is effective in preventing TB in young children but was developed without a basic understanding of human immunology. Most modern TB vaccine candidates have targeted CD4

Primary Cilia Control Glucose Homeostasis Via Islet Paracrine Interactions, Jing W. Hughes, Jung Hoon Cho, Hannah E. Conway, Michael R. Digruccio, Xue Wen Ng, Henry F. Roseman, Damien Abreu, Fumihiko Urano, David W. Piston

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Enhancing The Anti-Tumour Activity Of 177lu-Dota-Octreotate Radionuclide Therapy In Somatostatin Receptor-2 Expressing Tumour Models By Targeting Parp, Carleen Cullinane, Kelly Waldeck, Laura Kirby, Buck E. Rogers, Peter Eu, Richard W. Tothill, Rodney J. Hicks

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Actual Causes Of Death In Relation To Media, Policy, And Funding Attention: Examining Public Health Priorities, Meagan R Pilar, Amy A Eyler, Sarah Moreland-Russell, Ross C Brownson

Open Access Publications

Despite numerous public health advancements over the last century, we continue to under-invest in prevention and public health efforts. As a result, one of the most challenging aspects of public health is prioritizing the use of limited resources. Building on the foundation of previous researchers, the goal of this exploratory study was to provide current estimates for the actual causes of death, media attention, policy focus, and research funding in the United States. In addition, we sought to calculate and compare media attention, policy attention, and research funding trends to better assess the nation's prioritization of health issues. Using a …

Mitofusin 2 Dysfunction And Disease In Mice And Men, Gerald W Dorn Ii

Open Access Publications

A causal relationship between Mitofusin (MFN) 2 gene mutations and the hereditary axonal neuropathy Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A (CMT2A) was described over 15 years ago. During the intervening period much has been learned about MFN2 functioning in mitochondrial fusion, calcium signaling, and quality control, and the consequences of these MFN2 activities on cell metabolism, fitness, and development. Nevertheless, the challenge of defining the central underlying mechanism(s) linking mitochondrial abnormalities to progressive dying-back of peripheral arm and leg nerves in CMT2A is largely unmet. Here, a different perspective of why, in humans, MFN2 dysfunction preferentially impacts peripheral nerves is provided based …

Feasibility And Validity Of A Low-Cost Racing Simulator In Driving Assessment After Stroke, Jonathan Tiu, Annie C Harmon, James D Stowe, Amen Zwa, Marc Kinnear, Latch Dimitrov, Tina Nolte, David B Carr

Open Access Publications

There is a myriad of methodologies to assess driving performance after a stroke. These include psychometric tests, driving simulation, questionnaires, and/or road tests. Research-based driving simulators have emerged as a safe, convenient way to assess driving performance after a stroke. Such traditional research simulators are useful in recreating street traffic scenarios, but are often expensive, with limited physics models and graphics rendering. In contrast, racing simulators developed for motorsport professionals and enthusiasts offer high levels of realism, run on consumer-grade hardware, and can provide rich telemetric data. However, most offer limited simulation of traffic scenarios. This pilot study compares the …

Safety And Efficacy Outcomes Of The Xen45 Gel Stent Use For Refractory Glaucoma: A Surgery Series From Surgeon Trainees At A Tertiary Teaching Hospital, Karen Hong, John Lind, Arsham Sheybani

Open Access Publications

Background: To study the effect of an ab interno gelatin stent (XEN45 Gel Stent, Allergan Inc., Irvine, California, USA) on intraocular pressure (IOP) as placed by glaucoma fellowship trainees in eyes with refractory glaucoma.

Methods: A prospective noncomparative study at a tertiary training center on 28 unique eyes undergoing ab interno gelatin stent implantation by glaucoma fellowship trainees. Data was collected at baseline and postoperatively at day 1, week 1, and months 1, 3, 5, and 12. Primary outcome was mean IOP change. Secondary outcomes included change in number of glaucoma medication classes and visual acuity. Safety outcomes included needling …

The Transcription Factor Eb Reduces The Intraneuronal Accumulation Of The Beta-Secretase-Derived App Fragment C99 In Cellular And Mouse Alzheimer’S Disease Models, Anaïs Bécot, Raphaëlle Pardossi-Piquard, Alexandre Bourgeois, Eric Duplan, Qingli Xiao, Abhinav Diwan, Jin-Moo Lee, Inger Lauritzen, Frédéric Checler

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Unmasking Intra-Tumoral Heterogeneity And Clonal Evolution In Nf1-Mpnst, Chang-In Moon, William Tompkins, Yuxi Wang, Abigail Godec, Xiaochun Zhang, Patrik Pipkorn, Christopher A Miller, Carina Dehner, Sonika Dahiya, Angela C Hirbe

Open Access Publications

Sarcomas are highly aggressive cancers that have a high propensity for metastasis, fail to respond to conventional therapies, and carry a poor 5-year survival rate. This is particularly true for patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), in which 8%-13% of affected individuals will develop a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST). Despite continued research, no effective therapies have emerged from recent clinical trials based on preclinical work. One explanation for these failures could be the lack of attention to intra-tumoral heterogeneity. Prior studies have relied on a single sample from these tumors, which may not be representative of all subclones …

Performance Of A Multiplexed Amplicon-Based Next-Generation Sequencing Assay For Hla Typing, Chang Liu, Brian F. Duffy, Eric T. Weimer, Maureen C. Montgomery, Jo-Ellen Jennemann, Rachel Hill, Donna Phelan, Lindsay Lay, Bijal A. Parikh

Open Access Publications

BACKGROUND: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has enabled efficient high-resolution typing of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes with minimal ambiguity. Most commercially available assays amplify individual or subgroup of HLA genes by long-range PCR followed by library preparation and sequencing. The AllType assay simplifies the workflow by amplifying 11 transplant-relevant HLA genes in one PCR reaction. Here, we report the performance of this unique workflow evaluated using 218 genetically diverse samples.

METHODS: Five whole genes (HLA-A/B/C/DQA1/DPA1) and six near-whole genes (HLA-DRB1/DRB345/DQB1/DPB1; excluding exon 1 and part of intron 1) were amplified in a multiplexed, long-range PCR. Manual library preparation was performed per …

Association Of Ptsd Symptom Groups With Functional Impairment And Distress In Trauma-Exposed Disaster Survivors, Carol S North, Erin Van Enkevort, Barry A Hong, Alina M Surís

Open Access Publications

BACKGROUND: In the nearly a quarter of a century since the addition of the clinically significant distress/impairment criterion to the definition of PTSD in DSM-IV, little research has been done to examine the association of this criterion with symptom group criteria and with the numbing subgroup specifically. This study was conducted to examine these relationships in a large database of disaster survivors consistently studied across 12 different incidents of the full range of disaster typology.

METHODS: Analysis was conducted on a merged database representing 1187 trauma-exposed survivors of 12 different disasters studied systematically. DSM-IV-TR criteria for disaster-related PTSD were assessed …

A Murine Model Demonstrates Capsule-Independent Adaptive Immune Protection In Survivors Of Klebsiella Pneumoniae Respiratory Tract Infection, Joy Twentyman, Catherine Morffy Smith, Julia S Nims, Aubree A Dahler, David A Rosen

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Deployment Of Convalescent Plasma For The Prevention And Treatment Of Covid-19, Evan M Bloch, Brenda J Grossman, Jeffrey P Henderson, Et Al

Open Access Publications

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has spurred a global health crisis. To date, there are no proven options for prophylaxis for those who have been exposed to SARS-CoV-2, nor therapy for those who develop COVID-19. Immune (i.e., "convalescent") plasma refers to plasma that is collected from individuals following resolution of infection and development of antibodies. Passive antibody administration through transfusion of convalescent plasma may offer the only short-term strategy for conferring immediate immunity to susceptible individuals. There are numerous examples in which convalescent plasma has been used successfully as postexposure prophylaxis …

Antagonism Between Substitutions In Β-Lactamase Explains A Path Not Taken In The Evolution Of Bacterial Drug Resistance, Cameron A. Brown, Liya Hu, Zhizeng Sun, Meha P. Patel, Sukrit Singh, Justin R. Porter, Banumathi Sankaran, B. V. Venkataram Prasad, Gregory R. Bowman, Timothy Palzkill

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Accuracy Of Electromyometrial Imaging Of Uterine Contractions In Clinical Environment, Hui Wang, Wenjie Wu, Michael Talcott, Robert C Mckinstry, Pamela K Woodard, George A Macones, Alan L Schwartz, Phillip Cuculich, Alison G Cahill, Yong Wang

Open Access Publications

Clinically, uterine contractions are monitored with tocodynamometers or intrauterine pressure catheters. In the research setting, electromyography (EMG), which detects electrical activity of the uterus from a few electrodes on the abdomen, is feasible, can provide more accurate data than these other methods, and may be useful for predicting preterm birth. However, EMG lacks sufficient spatial resolution and coverage to reveal where uterine contractions originate, how they propagate, and whether preterm contractions differ between women who do and do not progress to preterm delivery. To address those limitations, electromyometrial imaging (EMMI) was recently developed and validated to non-invasively assess three-dimensional (3D) …

On Complement, Memory, And Microglia, Robyn S. Klein

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.