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An Older Population Increases Estimated Covid-19 Death Rates In Rural America, Kenneth M. Johnson

Carsey Publications

In this brief, author Kenneth Johnson estimates the influence that the local age structure has on coronavirus death rates among those exposed to it in rural and urban counties in the United States. He reports that the older age structure of rural America increases its vulnerability to the coronavirus. Though rural exposure to the virus was limited early in the pandemic, it is now spreading rapidly there. Rural America’s older age structure increases expected mortality rates there, but other factors also influence its vulnerability to the virus. The fates of rural and urban America are inextricably intertwined, so responding to …

Weaving The Strands Of Life (Iiná Bitł’Ool): History Of Genetic Research Involving Navajo People, Rene L. Begay, Nanibaa’ A. Garrison, Franklin Sage, Mark Bauer, Ursula Knoki-Wilson, David H. Begay, Beverly Becenti-Pigman, Katrina G. Claw

Human Biology Open Access Pre-Prints

To date, some genetic studies offer medical benefits, but lack a clear pathway to benefit for people from underrepresented backgrounds. Historically Indigenous people, including the Diné (Navajo people), have raised concerns about the lack of benefits, misuse of DNA samples, lack of consultation, and ignoring cultural and traditional ways of knowing. Shortly after the Navajo Nation Human Research Review Board was established in 1996, the Navajo Nation recognized growing concerns about genetic research and established a moratorium on human genetic research studies in 2002. The moratorium effectively has protected their citizens from potential genetic research harms. Despite the placement of …

Impact Of Meteorological Factors On The Covid-19 Transmission: A Multicity Study In China, Jiangtao Liu, Ji Zhou, Jinxi Yao, Xiuxia Zhang, Lanyu Li, Xiaocheng Xu, Xiaotao He, Bo Wang, Shihua Fu, Tingting Niu, Jun Yan, Yanjun Shi, Xiaowei Ren, Jingping Niu, Weihao Zhu, Sheng Li, Bin Luo, Kai Zhang

Publications and Research

The purpose of the present study is to explore the associations between novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) case counts and meteorological factors in 30 provincial capital cities of China. We compiled a daily dataset including confirmed case counts, ambient temperature (AT), diurnal temperature range (DTR), absolute humidity (AH) and migration scale index (MSI) for each city during the period of January 20th to March 2nd, 2020. First, we explored the associations between COVID-19 confirmed case counts, meteorological factors, and MSI using non-linear regression. Then, we conducted a two-stage analysis for 17 cities with more than 50 confirmed cases. In …

How To Safely Grocery Shop During The Coronavirus Pandemic, Alicia Rohan

Browse All News

No abstract provided.

Discoveries On Deck: Helping Vulnerable Patients Quit Smoking, Matt Windsor

Browse All News

No abstract provided.

Exebacase For Staphylococcus Aureus Bloodstream Infection And Endocarditis, Vance G. Fowler, Anita F. Das, Joy Lipka-Diamond, Raymond Schuch, Roger Pomerantz, Luis Jáuregui-Peredo, Adam Bressler, David C. Evans, Gregory J. Moran, Mark E. Rupp, Robert A. Wise, G Ralph Corey, Marcus J. Zervos, Pamela S. Douglas, Cara Cassino

Infectious Diseases Articles

BACKGROUND: Novel therapeutic approaches are critically needed for Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections (BSI), particularly for methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Exebacase, a first-in-class antistaphylococcal lysin, is a direct lytic agent that is rapidly bacteriolytic, eradicates biofilms, and synergizes with antibiotics.

METHODS: In this superiority-design study, we randomly assigned 121 patients with S. aureus BSI/endocarditis to receive a single dose of exebacase or placebo. All patients received standard-of-care antibiotics. The primary efficacy endpoint was clinical outcome (responder rate) at Day 14.

RESULTS: Clinical responder rates at Day 14 were 70.4% and 60.0% in the exebacase + antibiotics and antibiotics alone groups, respectively …

A Crisis Is A Terrible Thing To Waste: Recovering A Sense Of Agency In Coronavirus Times, Steven F. Freeman

School of Continuing and Professional Studies Coronavirus Papers

No abstract provided.

Covid-19, Wall Building, And The Effects On Migrant Protection Protocols By The Trump Administration: The Spectacle Of The Worsening Human Rights Disaster On The Mexico-U.S. Border, Terence Garrett

Political Science Faculty Publications

The COVID-19 pandemic has repercussions well beyond the confines of borders. National border policies can thwart international efforts to combat the spread of infectious diseases. These problems are especially relevant for the United States with the spectacle of President Trump’s “big, beautiful border wall” used as leverage to maintain political and economic power domestically and globally while confronting the coronavirus pandemic. The focus of this paper is the implementation of Trump’s Zero Tolerance Policy, Migrant Protection Protocols, and the Asylum Cooperation Agreement, all aimed primarily at migrants and refugees from Central America to prevent entrance into the U.S. using the …

Theoretical Risk Of Genetic Reassortment Should Not Impede Development Of Live, Attenuated Rift Valley Fever (Rvf) Vaccines Commentary On The Draft Who Rvf Target Product Profile, Thomas P. Monath, Jeroen Kortekaas, Douglas M. Watts, Rebecca C. Christofferson, Angelle Desiree Labeaud, Brian B. Gowen, Clarence J. Peters, Darci R. Smith, Robert Swanepoel, John C. Morrill, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Phillip R. Pittman, Brian H. Bird, George Bettinger

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

In November 2019, The World Health Organization (WHO) issued a draft set of Target Product Profiles (TPPs) describing optimal and minimally acceptable targets for vaccines against Rift Valley fever (RVF), a Phlebovirus with a three segmented genome, in both humans and ruminants. The TPPs contained rigid requirements to protect against genomic reassortment of live, attenuated vaccines (LAVs) with wild-type RVF virus (RVFV), which place undue constraints on development and regulatory approval of LAVs. We review the current LAVs in use and in development, and conclude that there is no evidence that reassortment between LAVs and wild-type RVFV has occurred during …

Host Patch Traits Have Scale‐Dependent Effects On Diversity In A Stickleback Parasite Metacommunity, Daniel I. Bolnick, Emlyn J. Resetarits, Kimberly Ballare, Yoel E. Stuart, William E. Stutz

Biology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Many metacommunities are distributed across habitat patches that are themselves aggregated into groups. Perhaps the clearest example of this nested metacommunity structure comes from multi‐species parasite assemblages, which occupy individual hosts that are aggregated into host populations. At both spatial scales, we expect parasite community diversity in a given patch (either individual host or population) to depend on patch characteristics that affect colonization rates and species sorting. But, are these patch effects consistent across spatial scales? Or, do different processes govern the distribution of parasite community diversity among individual hosts, versus among host patches? To answer these questions, we document …

Biological Sex Influences Susceptibility To Acinetobacter Baumannii Pneumonia In Mice, Sílvia Pires, Adeline Peignier, Jeremy Seto, Davida S. Smyth, Dane Parker

Publications and Research

Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is an extremely versatile multidrug-resistant pathogen with a very high mortality rate; therefore, it has become crucial to understand the host response during its infection. Given the importance of mice for modeling infection and their role in preclinical drug development, equal emphasis should be placed on the use of both sexes. Through our studies using a murine model of acute pneumonia with A. baumannii, we observed that female mice were more susceptible to infection. Likewise, treatment of male mice with estradiol increased their susceptibility to infection. Analysis of the airway compartment revealed enhanced inflammation and reduced …

April 8, 2020: Covid-19 Update, Kettering University

Communication Updates

Kettering University is extending its current temporary remote work period and associated staffing arrangements.

Copd Exacerbation Caused By Sars-Cov-2: A Case Report From The Louisville Covid-19 Surveillance Program, Forest W. Arnold, Kamran Mahmood, Angeline Prabhu, Darmaan Aden, Anupama Raghuram, Mark Burns, Leslie A. Beavin, Donghoon Chung, Kenneth E. Palmer, Julio A. Ramirez

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

A 53-year-old male with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on home oxygen presented to the hospital with worsening shortness of breath plus cough. He was admitted to the intensive care unit for COPD exacerbation and respiratory failure. A routine evaluation was performed, including a nasopharyngeal swab for a respiratory viral panel, which was negative. His symptoms improved over 48 hours, after which time a surveillance test for SARS-CoV-2 returned as positive. After clinical improvement, he was discharged to home isolation.

How To Prevent Covid-19 In Nurses And Physicians In The Hospital Setting: Universal Test-And-Isolate For All Patients Admitted To Hospitals, Julio A. Ramirez, Ruth Carrico, Forest W. Arnold, Paul Schulz

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

No abstract provided.

Hypertension Therapeutic Goal Attainment In Patients With Dual Diagnoses Of Hypertension And Diabetes, Susan Marie Harris

Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the adequacy of blood pressure control and utilization patterns of antihypertensive agents among patients with dual diagnoses of hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus type 2 seen in a primary care clinic during the calendar year 2008.

Feline-Human Zoonoses Transmission In North Africa: A Systematic Review, Breck Peterson

Showcase of Osprey Advancements in Research and Scholarship (SOARS)

Throughout human history, domestic animal species have represented a unique zoonotic disease risk for the transmission of pathogens ranging from viral, bacterial, parasitic, and fungal. In North Africa, cats have a particularly long record and occupy a specialized niche within many communities. This systematic review was conducted to analyze the current and historical literature documenting the breadth and variety of zoonoses in North Africa, specifically relating to the domesticated feline. Multiple electronic databases were searched on January 16, 2019 for published reports on feline zoonoses in North Africa. A total of 76 studies met the inclusion criteria for a full …

Antimicrobial Properties Of An Unknown Microorganism Isolated From The Local Environment, Danielle Duryea

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Projects

Bacterial species that cause disease can usually be combatted with antibiotics; but as the years pass, more and more bacterial pathogens are becoming resistant to these treatments. In fact, the Center for Disease Control has identified eighteen classes of bacteria ranging from urgent to concerning threats due antibiotic resistance (2019), warning the advance of an antibiotic resistance crisis in which untreatable bacterial infections will become a leading cause of death (Bennadi, 2014). The Small World Initiative is a program created in 2012 at Yale University to address the antibiotic crisis through a crowdsourcing effort where undergraduate students are encouraged to …

Faculty Senate Minutes April 2020, Uno Faculty Senate

Faculty Senate Minutes

These are the official minutes of the Faculty Senate Meetings at the University of Nebraska - Omaha (UNO) for Academic year 2019-2020. The Faculty Senate supports faculty governance and believes that shared governance is essential to creating productive and rewarding environment for faculty and students. The Faculty Senate is a representative body of members elected by the faculty of the various academic departments and units of UNO. The Faculty Senate features representation from each academic college, Criss Library , and Omaha-base University of Nebraska – Lincoln (UNL) colleges.

Hiding Under The Sun: Health, Access, And Discourses Of Representation In Undocumented Communities, Jaime Shamado Robb

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This project examines how undocumented immigrants in the United States communicate health and illness, specifically focusing on health narratives of undocumented immigrants in the South Florida region. In order to do this, I conducted 27 field interviews with undocumented immigrants living in South Florida to gain understanding of how this group meets health and wellness needs. Conversations revolved around prominent themes that highlighted the role of communication that produce stigma towards this group; the complexity of a costly bureaucratic health system, and the fears participants experience that stems from the possibility of deportation. Additionally, participants detailed the role of their …

Ud Grad Answers Call For More Covid-19 Testing, Michelle Tedford

Materials from the University of Dayton Magazine Website

Fred Tenover ’76 used his 20 years of expertise with infectious disease at the CDC to help bring to market a rapid, accurate COVID-19 test.

Growth Analysis Of Global Scientific Research On Covid-19 Pandemic: A Scientometrics Analysis, Sidhartha Sahoo, Shriram Pandey, Assistant Professor,

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The purpose of present study is to evaluate the growth of scientific literature pertaining to Coronavirus disease 2019(Covid-19). In sum 1630 document published during 01 January 2020 to 6 April, 2020. Publication data were retrieved from SCOPUS databases using key terms and detailed analysis were made to understand the publication trends, authorship and collaborative pattern, country-wise distribution, core journal and most leading institutes. Study found that 82.88% (1351) of the research documents published on open-access platform which signify the rapid communication of research finding among global scientific communities. ‘BMJ Clinical Research Ed’ found to be most productive journal with 114(6.99%) …

Structure, Function And Metabolism Of Hepatic And Adipose Tissue Lipid Droplets: Implications In Alcoholic Liver Disease, Sathish Kumar Natarajan, Karuna Rasineni, Murali Ganesan, Dan Feng, Benita L. Mcvicker, Mark A. Mcniven, Natalia A. Osna, Justin L. Mott, Carol A. Casey, Kusum K. Kharbanda

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

For more than 30 years, lipid droplets (LDs) were considered as an inert bag of lipid for storage of energy-rich fat molecules. Following a paradigm shift almost a decade ago, LDs are presently considered an active subcellular organelle especially designed for assembling, storing and subsequently supplying lipids for generating energy and membrane synthesis (and in the case of hepatocytes for VLDL secretion). LDs also play a central role in many other cellular functions such as viral assembly and protein degradation. Here, we have explored the structural and functional changes that occur in hepatic and adipose tissue LDs following chronic ethanol …

Histidine-Triad Hydrolases Provide Resistance To Peptide-Nucleotide Antibiotics., Eldar Yagmurov, Darya Tsibulskaya, Alexey Livenskyi, Marina Serebryakova, Yury I Wolf, Sergei Borukhov, Konstantin Severinov, Svetlana Dubiley

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

The Escherichia coli microcin C (McC) and related compounds are potent Trojan horse peptide-nucleotide antibiotics. The peptide part facilitates transport into sensitive cells. Inside the cell, the peptide part is degraded by nonspecific peptidases releasing an aspartamide-adenylate containing a phosphoramide bond. This nonhydrolyzable compound inhibits aspartyl-tRNA synthetase. In addition to the efficient export of McC outside the producing cells, special mechanisms have evolved to avoid self-toxicity caused by the degradation of the peptide part inside the producers. Here, we report that histidine-triad (HIT) hydrolases encoded in biosynthetic clusters of some McC homologs or by standalone genes confer resistance to McC-like …

Social Work, Ethics And Vulnerable Groups In The Time Of Coronavirus And Covid-19, Kathleen J. Farkas, Jaroslaw Richard Romaniuk

Faculty Scholarship

The profession of social work is dedicated to the betterment of society and to the protection of marginalized and vulnerable groups. The profession’s mission is detailed in the set of seven core values: service; social justice; dignity and work of the person; importance of human relationships; integrity; and competence. Relationships between people and among groups are the primary tools of social work assessment, intervention and evaluation. In the time of coronavirus and COVID-19, there are many challenges for professional practitioners to adhere to social work’s core values as well as to maintain their own health and welfare in a time …

A Comparison Of Chikungunya Virus Infection, Dissemination, And Cytokine Induction In Human And Murine Macrophages And Characterization Of Rag2-/-Γc-/- Mice As An Animal Model To Study Neurotropic Chikungunya Disease, Israel Guerrero

Theses and Dissertations

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is classified as an alphavirus in the Togaviridae family. This virus is known to rely on Aedes arthropod vectors for its dissemination. Human infection is characterized by rash, high fever, and severe chronic polyarthritis that can last for years. Recently, efforts in developing animal models have been made in an attempt to better understand CHIKV pathogenesis. CHIKV infection starts with a 7 to 10 day long febrile acute phase, in which most of the symptoms occur (rash, fever, and incapacitating pain in joints and muscle). Once the immune system clears most of the viral infection, a chronic …

Acetylation Of Histone H3k27 Signals The Transcriptional Elongation For Estrogen Receptor Alpha, Yujing Gao, Lijia Chen, Yali Han, Fangrui Wu, Wen-Si Yang, Zheng Zhang, Tong Huo, Yingmin Zhu, Chengtai Yu, Hong Kim, Mark Lee, Zhen Tang, Kevin Phillips, Bin He, Sung Yun Jung, Yongcheng Song, Bokai Zhu, Rui-Ming Xu, Qin Feng

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

As approximately 70% of human breast tumors are estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive, estrogen and ERα play essential roles in breast cancer development. By interrupting the ERα signaling pathway, endocrine therapy has been proven to be an effective therapeutic strategy. In this study, we identified a mechanism by which Transcription Start Site (TSS)-associated histone H3K27 acetylation signals the Super Elongation Complex (SEC) to regulate transcriptional elongation of the ESR1 (ERα) gene. SEC interacts with H3K27ac on ESR1 TSS through its scaffold protein AFF4. Depletion of AFF4 by siRNA or CRISPR/Cas9 dramatically reduces expression of ESR1 and its target genes, consequently inhibiting …

Views Of A Fast-Moving Pandemic: A Survey Of Granite Staters’ Responses To Covid-19, Thomas G. Safford, Lawrence C. Hamilton

Carsey Publications

In this brief, authors Thomas Safford and Lawrence Hamilton report the results of a Granite State Panel survey (March 17-26), asking New Hampshire residents about their views concerning government responses to the coronavirus (COVID-19) and whether they changed their daily routine because of the pandemic. They report that New Hampshire residents who approve of President Trump’s handling of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic and those who regularly watch Fox News are less likely than others to have made major changes in their routines due to COVID-19. Granite Staters have polarized opinions about President Trump’s handling of the pandemic: 40 …

Tin @ Tio2 Core–Shell Nanoparticles As Plasmon-Enhanced Photosensitizers: The Role Of Hot Electron Injection, Xiaohui Xu, Aveek Dutta, Jacob Khurgin, Alexander Wei, Vladimir M. Shalaev, Alexandra Boltasseva

Department of Chemistry Faculty Publications

Metal–semiconductor heterostructures have attracted a lot of attention due to their ability to enhance photovoltaic and photocatalytic processes via plasmonic effects. Thus far, most of the proposed heterostructures are designed with noble metals and the potential of alternative plasmonic materials, such as titanium nitride (TiN), is not yet well explored. In this work, TiN@TiO2 core–shell nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesized and proposed as plasmon-enhanced photosensitizers for efficient singlet oxygen generation, with the focus on the role of hot electron injection. Excitation of dilute TiN@TiO2 NP dispersions by a 700 nm femtosecond-pulsed laser effectively converts ground-state oxygen into singlet oxygen (1O2), driven …

Associations Between Food Insecurity And Psychotropic Medication Use Among Women Living With Hiv In The United States, Henry J. Whittle, William R. Wolfe, Lila A. Sheira, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Kartika Palar, Daniel Merenstein, Tracey E. Wilson, Adebola Adedimeji, Mardge H. Cohen, Eryka L. Wentz, Phyllis C. Tien, Sheri D. Weiser

Faculty Publications

AIMS: Psychotropic prescription rates continue to increase in the United States (USA). Few studies have investigated whether social-structural factors may play a role in psychotropic medication use independent of mental illness. Food insecurity is prevalent among people living with HIV in the USA and has been associated with poor mental health. We investigated whether food insecurity was associated with psychotropic medication use independent of the symptoms of depression and anxiety among women living with HIV in the USA. METHODS: We used cross-sectional data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), a nationwide cohort study. Food security (FS) was the primary …

Trump’S Fight Over Covid-19 Numbers Shows How The Hollowing Out Of Expertise Can Be Dangerous For American Democracy, Philip Rocco

Political Science Faculty Research and Publications

As in any emergency or disaster, institutional agreement over the statistics of the Covid-19 pandemic is incredibly important. During the crisis, President Trump has questioned federally requested research around the spread of the pandemic and the amount of equipment needed to tackle it. Philip Rocco writes on how Trump’s efforts to undermine a common understanding of the numbers around the crisis can be a threat to democracy itself.