Digital Commons Network^™

Antagonism Between Substitutions In Β-Lactamase Explains A Path Not Taken In The Evolution Of Bacterial Drug Resistance, Cameron A. Brown, Liya Hu, Zhizeng Sun, Meha P. Patel, Sukrit Singh, Justin R. Porter, Banumathi Sankaran, B. V. Venkataram Prasad, Gregory R. Bowman, Timothy Palzkill

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Human Recombinant Apyrase Therapy Protects Against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury And Preserves Left Ventricular Systolic Function In Rats, As Evaluated By 7t Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Ziqian Xu, Wei Chen, Ruzhi Zhang, Lei Wang, Ridong Chen, Jie Zheng, Fabao Gao

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Lung Transplant Pulmonologists’ Views Of Specialty Palliative Care For Lung Transplant Recipients, Eric Nolley, Jessica Fleck, Dio Kavalieratos, Mary Amanda Dew, Daniel Dilling, Rebecca Colman, Maria M. Crespo, Hilary Goldberg, Steven Hays, Ramsey Hachem, Erika Lease, James Lee, John Reynolds, Matthew Morrell, Yael Schenker

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

American Society Of Hematology 2020 Guidelines For Sickle Cell Disease: Prevention, Diagnosis, And Treatment Of Cerebrovascular Disease In Children And Adults, M.R. Debaun, L.C. Jordan, A.A. King, J. Schatz, E. Vichinsky, C.K. Fox, R.C. Mckinstry, P. Telfer, M.A. Kraut, L. Daraz, F.J. Kirkham, M.H. Murad

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Structural Basis For Effector Protein Recognition By The Dot/Icm Type Ivb Coupling Protein Complex, Hyunmin Kim, Tomoko Kubori, Kohei Yamazaki, Mi-Jeong Kwak, Suk-Youl Park, Hiroki Nagai, Joseph P. Vogel, Byung-Ha Oh

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Maturational Patterns Of Left Ventricular Rotational Mechanics In Pre-Term Infants Through 1 Year Of Age, Gloria C Lehmann, Philip T Levy, Meghna D Patel, Timothy Sekarski, Hongjie Gu, Swati Choudhry, Aaron Hamvas, Gautam K Singh

Open Access Publications

BACKGROUND: Pre-mature birth impacts left ventricular development, predisposing this population to long-term cardiovascular risk. The aims of this study were to investigate maturational changes in rotational properties from the neonatal period through 1 year of age and to discern the impact of cardiopulmonary complications of pre-maturity on these measures.

METHODS: Pre-term infants (<29 weeks at birth, n = 117) were prospectively enrolled and followed to 1-year corrected age. Left ventricular basal and apical rotation, twist, and torsion were measured by two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography and analysed at 32 and 36 weeks post-menstrual age and 1-year corrected age. A mixed random effects model with repeated measures analysis was used to compare rotational mechanics over time. Torsion was compared in infants with and without complications of cardiopulmonary diseases of pre-maturity, specifically bronchopulmonary dysplasia, pulmonary hypertension, and patent ductus arteriosus.

RESULTS: Torsion decreased from 32 weeks post-menstrual age to 1-year corrected age in all pre-term infants (p < 0.001). The decline from 32 to 36 weeks post-menstrual age was more pronounced in infants with cardiopulmonary complications, but was similar to healthy pre-term infants from 36 weeks post-menstrual age to 1-year corrected age. The decline was due to directional and magnitude changes in apical rotation over time (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: This study tracks maturational patterns of rotational mechanics in pre-term infants and reveals torsion declines from the neonatal period through 1 year. Cardiopulmonary diseases of pre-maturity may negatively impact …

Cathepsin S And Protease-Activated Receptor-2 Drive Alloimmunity And Immune Regulation In Kidney Allograft Rejection, Yutian Lei, Benjamin Ehle, Santhosh V Kumar, Susanne Müller, Solange Moll, Andrew F Malone, Benjamin D Humphreys, Joachim Andrassy, Hans-Joachim Anders

Open Access Publications

Alloantigen presentation is an essential process in acute allorejection. In this context, we speculated on a pathogenic role of cathepsin S (Cat-S), a cysteine protease known to promote antigenic peptide loading into MHC class II and to activate protease-activated receptor (PAR)-2 on intrarenal microvascular endothelial and tubular epithelial cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing and immunostaining of human kidney allografts confirmed Cat-S expression in intrarenal mononuclear phagocytes.

Come Together: Protein Assemblies, Aggregates And The Sarcostat At The Heart Of Cardiac Myocyte Homeostasis, Moydul Islam, Abhinav Diwan, Kartik Mani

Open Access Publications

Homeostasis in vertebrate systems is contingent on normal cardiac function. This, in turn, depends on intricate protein-based cellular machinery, both for contractile function, as well as, durability of cardiac myocytes. The cardiac small heat shock protein (csHsp) chaperone system, highlighted by αB-crystallin (CRYAB), a small heat shock protein (sHsp) that forms ∼3-5% of total cardiac mass, plays critical roles in maintaining proteostatic function via formation of self-assembled multimeric chaperones. In this work, we review these ancient proteins, from the evolutionarily preserved role of homologs in protists, fungi and invertebrate systems, as well as, the role of sHsps and chaperones in …

Prostate Cancer Theranostics - An Overview, Diane Abou, Nadia Benabdallah, Wen Jiang, Lu Peng, Hanwen Zhang, Alexandria Villmer, Mark S Longtine, Daniel L J Thorek

Open Access Publications

Metastatic prostate cancer is incurable, and novel methods to detect the disease earlier and to direct definitive treatment are needed. Molecularly specific tools to localize diagnostic and cytotoxic radionuclide payloads to cancer cells and the surrounding microenvironment are recognized as a critical component of new approaches to combat this disease. The implementation of theranostic approaches to characterize and personalize patient management is beginning to be realized for prostate cancer patients. This review article summarized clinically translated approaches to detect, characterize, and treat disease in this rapidly expanding field.

Harnessing Activin A Adjuvanticity To Promote Antibody Responses To Bg505 Hiv Envelope Trimers, Diane G Carnathan, Kirti Kaushik, Ali H Ellebedy, Chiamaka A Enemuo, Etse H Gebru, Pallavi Dhadvai, Mohammed Ata Ur Rasheed, Matthias G Pauthner, Gabriel Ozorowski, Rafi Ahmed, Dennis R Burton, Andrew B Ward, Guido Silvestri, Shane Crotty, Michela Locci

Open Access Publications

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Formation Of Lung Inducible Bronchus Associated Lymphoid Tissue Is Regulated By Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Expressed Determinants, Micah D Dunlap, Oliver A Prince, Javier Rangel-Moreno, Kimberly A Thomas, Julia M Scordo, Jordi B Torrelles, Jeffery Cox, Adrie J C Steyn, Joaquín Zúñiga, Deepak Kaushal, Shabaana A Khader

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Evidence-Based Guidelines For Managing Patients With Primary Er+ Her2− Breast Cancer Deferred From Surgery Due To The Covid-19 Pandemic, Mitch Dowsett, Cynthia X. Ma, Et Al.

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Landscape Of Somatic Single Nucleotide Variants And Indels In Colorectal Cancer And Impact On Survival, Syed H. Zaidi, Yin Cao, Et Al.

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Early Life Exposure To Traffic-Related Air Pollution On Brain Development In Juvenile Sprague-Dawley Rats, Kelley T. Patten, Eduardo A. González, Anthony Valenzuela, Elizabeth Berg, Christopher Wallis, Joel R. Garbow, Jill L. Silverman, Keith J. Bein, Anthony S. Wexler, Pamela J. Lein

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Experiences From The Missouri Antimicrobial Stewardship Collaborative: A Mixed Methods Study, Sena J Sayood, Chinmayi Venkatram, Jason G Newland, Hilary M Babcock, David K Warren, George Turabelidze, Virginia R Mckay, Erin C Rachmiel, Kate Peacock, Tracey Habrock-Bach, Kevin Hsueh, Michael J Durkin

Open Access Publications

We performed a mixed-methods study to evaluate antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) uptake and to assess variability of program implementation in Missouri hospitals. Despite increasing uptake of ASPs in Missouri, there is wide variability in both the scope and sophistication of these programs.

The Current State Of Antifungal Stewardship Among Pediatric Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs, Lourdes Eguiguren, Jason G Newland, Matthew P Kronman, Adam L Hersh, Jeffrey S Gerber, Grace M Lee, Hayden T Schwenk

Open Access Publications

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the current state of antifungal stewardship practices and perceptions of antifungal use among pediatric antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs).

DESIGN: We developed and distributed an electronic survey, which included 17 closed-ended questions about institutional antifungal stewardship practices and perceptions, among pediatric ASPs.

PARTICIPANTS: ASP physicians and pharmacists of 74 hospitals participating in the multicenter Sharing Antimicrobial Reports for Pediatric Stewardship (SHARPS) Collaborative.

RESULTS: We sent surveys to 74 hospitals and received 68 unique responses, for a response rate of 92%. Overall, 63 of 68 the respondent ASPs (93%) reported that they conduct 1 or more antifungal stewardship activities. …

Using A Developmental Perspective To Examine The Moderating Effects Of Marriage On Heavy Episodic Drinking In A Young Adult Sample Enriched For Risk, Seung Bin Cho, Rebecca L Smith, Kathleen Bucholz, Grace Chan, Howard J Edenberg, Victor Hesselbrock, John Kramer, Vivia V Mccutcheon, John Nurnberger, Marc Schuckit, Yong Zang, Danielle M Dick, Jessica E Salvatore

Open Access Publications

Many studies demonstrate that marriage protects against risky alcohol use and moderates genetic influences on alcohol outcomes; however, previous work has not considered these effects from a developmental perspective or in high-risk individuals. These represent important gaps, as it cannot be assumed that marriage has uniform effects across development or in high-risk samples. We took a longitudinal developmental approach to examine whether marital status was associated with heavy episodic drinking (HED), and whether marital status moderated polygenic influences on HED. Our sample included 937 individuals (53.25% female) from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism who reported their HED …

Postdischarge Antibiotic Use For Prophylaxis Following Spinal Fusion, David K Warren, Katelin B Nickel, Jennifer H Han, Pam Tolomeo, Christopher J Hostler, Katherine Foy, Ian R Banks, Victoria J Fraser, Margaret A Olsen, Cdc Prevention Epicenter Program

Open Access Publications

OBJECTIVE: Despite recommendations to discontinue prophylactic antibiotics after incision closure or <24 hours after surgery, prophylactic antibiotics are continued after discharge by some clinicians. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with postdischarge prophylactic antibiotic use after spinal fusion.

DESIGN: Multicenter retrospective cohort study.

PATIENTS: This study included patients aged ≥18 years undergoing spinal fusion or refusion between July 2011 and June 2015 at 3 sites. Patients with an infection during the surgical admission were excluded.

METHODS: Prophylactic antibiotics were identified at discharge. Factors associated with postdischarge prophylactic antibiotic use were identified using hierarchical generalized linear models.

RESULTS: In total, 8,652 spinal fusion admissions were included. Antibiotics were prescribed at discharge in 289 admissions (3.3%). The most commonly prescribed antibiotics were trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (22.1%), cephalexin (18.8%), and ciprofloxacin (17.1%). …

Policies And Practices Of Shea Research Network Hospitals During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Michael S Calderwood, Valerie M Deloney, Deverick J Anderson, Vincent Chi-Chung Cheng, Shruti Gohil, Jennie H Kwon, Lona Mody, Elizabeth Monsees, Valerie M Vaughn, Timothy L Wiemken, Matthew J Ziegler, Eric Lofgren

Open Access Publications

To understand hospital policies and practices as the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated, the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) conducted a survey through the SHEA Research Network (SRN). The survey assessed policies and practices around the optimization of personal protection equipment (PPE), testing, healthcare personnel policies, visitors of COVID-19 patients in relation to procedures, and types of patients. Overall, 69 individual healthcare facilities responded in the United States and internationally, for a 73% response rate.

Reduced Intensity Conditioning For Acute Myeloid Leukemia Using Melphalan- Vs Busulfan-Based Regimens: A Cibmtr Report, Zheng Zhou, Geoffrey L. Uy, Et Al.

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Interleukin-15 Superagonist (N-803) Treatment Of Pml And Jcv In A Post–Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Patient, Aabha Oza, Michael P. Rettig, Phil Powell, Kathryn O'Brien, David B. Clifford, Julie Ritchey, Leah Gehrs, Julia Hollaway, Eugene Major, Todd A. Fehniger, Christopher A. Miller, Patrick Soon-Shiong, Amy Rock, John F. Dipersio

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Incipient Alcohol Use In Childhood: Early Alcohol Sipping And Its Relations With Psychopathology And Personality, Ashley L Watts, Phillip K Wood, Kristina M Jackson, Krista M Lisdahl, Mary M Heitzeg, Raul Gonzalez, Susan F Tapert, Deanna M Barch, Kenneth J Sher

Open Access Publications

Prior research has shown that sipping of alcohol begins to emerge during childhood and is potentially etiologically significant for later substance use problems. Using a large, community sample of 9- and 10-year-olds (N = 11,872; 53% female), we examined individual differences in precocious alcohol use in the form of alcohol sipping. We focused explicitly on features that are robust and well-demonstrated correlates of, and antecedents to, alcohol excess and related problems later in the lifespan, including youth- and parent-reported externalizing traits (i.e., impulsivity, behavioral inhibition and activation) and psychopathology. Seventeen percent of the sample reported sipping alcohol outside of a …

Preclinical Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Of Alpha Particle-Emitting Radium-223, Diane S. Abou, Andrew Rittenbach, Ryan E. Tomlinson, Paige A. Finley, Benjamin Tsui, Brian W. Simons, Abhinav K. Jha, David Ulmert, Ryan C. Riddle, Daniel L. J. Thorek

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Improving Hba1c With Glucose Self-Monitoring In Diabetic Patients With Epxdiabetes, A Phone Call And Text Message-Based Telemedicine Platform: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Ran Xu, Maggie Xing, Kavon Javaherian, Robert Peters, Will Ross, Carlos Bernal-Mizrachi

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Work-Related And Personal Factors Associated With Mental Well-Being During The Covid-19 Response: Survey Of Health Care And Other Workers, Bradley A Evanoff, Jaime R Strickland, Ann Marie Dale, Lisa Hayibor, Emily Page, Jennifer G Duncan, Thomas Kannampallil, Diana L Gray

Open Access Publications

BACKGROUND: The response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has created an unprecedented disruption in work conditions. This study describes the mental health and well-being of workers both with and without clinical exposure to patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19).

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to measure the prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression, work exhaustion, burnout, and decreased well-being among faculty and staff at a university and academic medical center during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and describe work-related and personal factors associated with their mental health and well-being.

METHODS: All faculty, staff, and postdoctoral fellows of …

Promoting Undetectable Equals Untransmittable In Sub-Saharan Africa: Implication For Clinical Practice And Art Adherence, Nicholas Ekow Thomford, Doreen Mhandire, Collet Dandara, George B Kyei

Open Access Publications

In the last decade, reliable scientific evidence has emerged to support the concept that undetectable viral loads prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Undetectable equals untransmissible (U = U) is a simple message that everyone can understand. The success of this concept depends on strict adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and the attainment of suppressed viral loads (VLs). To achieve U = U in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), poor adherence to ART, persistent low-level viremia, and the emergence of drug-resistant mutants are challenges that cannot be overlooked. Short of a cure for HIV, U = U can substantially reduce the burden and …

Ancestral Roles Of Atypical Cadherins In Planar Cell Polarity, Maria Brooun, Alexander Klimovich, Mikhail Bashkurov, Bret J. Pearson, Robert E. Steele, Helen Mcneill

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Risks Of Requiring A Dedicated Molecular Specimen For Hiv Diagnosis And A Potential Strategy For Mitigation, Adam L. Bailey, Neil Anderson

Open Access Publications

BACKGROUND: HIV screening (i.e. antigen/antibody) tests are followed by a supplemental (i.e. antibody-only) if the screen is positive. Discrepant results can result from two scenarios: a false-positive screening test or acute HIV infection. These scenarios can be distinguished by a molecular HIV test, but due to contamination concerns, our laboratory recently implemented a policy requiring a second specimen dedicated for molecular HIV testing. Our objective was to (1) characterize the effect of this policy on the time-to-diagnosis for patients with discrepant screening and supplemental test results, and (2) explore "strength of positivity" as an interim predictor of screening test accuracy …

Alpha-Crystallin Mutations Alter Lens Metabolites In Mouse Models Of Human Cataracts, Cheryl Frankfater, Stephanie L. Bozeman, Fong-Fu Hsu, Usha P. Andley

Open Access Publications

Cataracts are a major cause of blindness worldwide and commonly occur in individuals over 70 years old. Cataracts can also appear earlier in life due to genetic mutations. The lens proteins, αA- and αB-crystallins, are chaperone proteins that have important roles maintaining protein solubility to prevent cataract formation. Mutations in the CRYAA and CRYAB crystallin genes are associated with autosomal dominant early onset human cataracts. Although studies about the proteomic and genomic changes that occur in cataracts have been reported, metabolomics studies are very limited. Here, we directly investigated cataract metabolism using gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to analyze the metabolites in …

Exposure To Covid-19 Patients Increases Physician Trainee Stress And Burnout, Thomas G. Kannampallil, Charles W. Goss, Bradley A. Evanoff, Jaime R. Strickland, Rebecca P. Mcalister, Jennifer Duncan

Open Access Publications

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has put considerable physical and emotional strain on frontline healthcare workers. Among frontline healthcare workers, physician trainees represent a unique group-functioning simultaneously as both learners and caregivers and experiencing considerable challenges during the pandemic. However, we have a limited understanding regarding the emotional effects and vulnerability experienced by trainees during the pandemic. We investigated the effects of trainee exposure to patients being tested for COVID-19 on their depression, anxiety, stress, burnout and professional fulfillment. All physician trainees at an academic medical center (n = 1375) were invited to participate in an online survey. We …