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Metabolic Control Of Cellular Immune-Competency By Odors In Drosophila, Sukanya Madhwal, Mingyu Shin, Ankita Kapoor, Manisha Goyal

Open Access archive

No abstract provided.

Hospital Acquired Bloodstream Infection By Multi Drug Resistant Organisms-Alarming And Challenging Issue In The Intensive Care Units At Present Era, Barnini Banerjee, Soumayan Mondal, Vandana Kalwaje Eshwara, Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay

Open Access archive

Hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (BSIs) cause high mortality in the intensive care units (ICUs) compared to wards. Furthermore, the isolation of multidrug resistant (MDR) organisms in ICUs add to the gravity of the condition making the treatment a bigger challenge. The present study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence, spread, and the possible MDR organisms contributing to ICU-acquired BSI & the source of the secondary BSI in the ICUs. A prospective study was conducted in four ICU of tertiary teaching hospital over a period of six months. Patient that developed features of BSI within 48 hours after hospital admission were included …

Ms-275, A Class 1 Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Augments Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonism To Improve Glycemic Control And Reduce Obesity In Diet-Induced Obese Mice, Shilpak Bele, Shravan Babu Girada, Aramita Ray, Abhishek Gupta

Open Access archive

Given its glycemic efficacy and ability to reduce the body weight, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonism has emerged as a preferred treatment for diabetes associated with obesity. We here report that a small-molecule Class 1 histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor Entinostat (MS-275) enhances GLP-1R agonism to potentiate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and decrease body weight in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. MS-275 is not an agonist or allosteric activator of GLP-1R but enhances the sustained receptor-mediated signaling through the modulation of the expression of proteins involved in the signaling pathway. MS-275 and liraglutide combined therapy improved fasting glycemia upon short-term treatment and …

Micro- And Macro-Level Factors Determining Financial Performance Of Uae Insurance Companies, Soumya Sasidharan, V. K. Ranjith, Sunitha Prabhuram

Open Access archive

The research aims to analyze the firm-specific and macroeconomic factors that affect insurance company's financial performance. The‎research explores the variables that influence the financial performance of the United Arab Emirates (UAE)’ insurance companies. The‎analysis for determining financial performance considers the following variables: the firm's age, retention ratio, capital adequacy, underwriting‎risk/loss ratio, financial-leverage, reinsurance dependency, and macro-economic factors such as GDP per capita, inflation rate considered‎as independent factors. The return-on-asset (ROA) is the key measuring indicator; it is regarded as the dependent variable for financial‎performance measures. The research focuses on secondary information obtained from insurance companies’ financial statements. The‎researcher targeted 18 …

Serum Magnesium, Manganese And Selenium In Diabetes Mellitus Patients And Their Association With Glyoxalase-1, Shaik Fayazul Haq, Kamla Pati Mishra, Busi Karunanand, Dinesh Kumar Sharma

Open Access archive

Introduction: Glyoxalase-1, an erythrocyte enzyme of the glyoxalase system catabolizes the methylglyoxal is the main precur-sor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Elevated methylglyoxal and AGEs are strongly associated with the development of diabetic complications. The association between trace elements and glyoxalase-1 in diabetic patients is not well established. Objective: To assess the concentration of serum Mg, Se, and Mn in diabetic patients and compare these in different groups defined in terms of duration of the DM. Methods: The present study compares the concentration of micronutrients (magnesium, selenium, and manganese) in non-complicated (group A ≤4 years) and complicated (group B …

Magnetoelectric Coupling In Bismuth Ferrite—Challenges And Perspectives, N. V. Srihari, K. B. Vinayakumar, K. K. Nagaraja

Open Access archive

Multiferroic materials belong to the sub-group of ferroics possessing two or more ferroic orders in the same phase. Aizu first coined the term multiferroics in 1969. Of late, several multiferroic materials’ unique and robust characteristics have shown great potential for various applications. Notably, the coexisting magnetic and electrical ordering results in the Magnetoelectric effect (ME), wherein the electrical polarization can be manipulated by magnetic fields and magnetization by electric fields. Currently, more significant interests lie in significantly enhancing the ME coupling facilitating the realization of Spintronic devices, which makes use of the transport phenomenon of spin-polarized electrons. On the other …

The Process 2020 Guideline: Updating Consensus Preferred Reporting Of Case Series In Surgery (Process) Guidelines, Riaz A. Agha, Catrin Sohrabi, Ginimol Mathew, Thomas Franchi

Open Access archive

Introduction: The PROCESS Guidelines were first published in 2016 and were last updated in 2018. They provide a structure for reporting surgical case series in order to increase reporting robustness and transparency, and are used and endorsed by authors, journal editors and reviewers alike. In order to drive forwards reporting quality, they must be kept up to date. As such, we have updated these guidelines via a DELPHI consensus exercise. Methods: The updated guidelines were produced via a DELPHI consensus exercise. Members from the previous DELPHI group were again invited, alongside editorial board members and peer reviewers of the International …

The Scare 2020 Guideline: Updating Consensus Surgical Case Report (Scare) Guidelines, Riaz A. Agha, Thomas Franchi, Catrin Sohrabi, Ginimol Mathew

Open Access archive

Introduction: The SCARE Guidelines were first published in 2016 and were last updated in 2018. They provide a structure for reporting surgical case reports and are used and endorsed by authors, journal editors and reviewers, in order to increase robustness and transparency in reporting surgical cases. They must be kept up to date in order to drive forwards reporting quality. As such, we have updated these guidelines via a DELPHI consensus exercise. Methods: The updated guidelines were produced via a DELPHI consensus exercise. Members were invited from the previous DELPHI group, as well as editorial board members and peer reviewers …

Hydrodissection And Hydrodelineation Of Hamstring Tendons: Novel Technique For Graft Harvesting, Surendra Umesh Kamath, Krithika Kamath

Open Access archive

Hamstring graft harvest is an important step in modern day arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery. Various techniques of hamstring graft harvest has been reported. We have described a novel method of graft harvesting which eases the identification of the desired tendons and offers protection to saphenous nerve and superficial medial collateral ligament, which could be damaged. Our method is easy to perform after some training and does not require any additional equipment. It is also reproducible as the structures over the medial side of the tibia have a consistent anatomic pattern.

Assessing Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Screening Inequalities In India Using Lot Quality Assurance Sampling, Devaki Nambiar, Soumyadeep Bhaumik, Anita Pal, Rajani Ved

Open Access archive

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality in India. India has rolled out Comprehensive Primary Health Care (CPHC) reforms including population based screening for hypertension and diabetes, facilitated by frontline health workers. Our study assessed blood pressure and blood sugar coverage achieved by frontline workers using Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS). Methods: LQAS Supervision Areas were defined as catchments covered by frontline workers in primary health centres in two districts each of Uttar Pradesh and Delhi. In each Area, 19 households for each of four sampling universes (males, females, Above Poverty Line (APL) and Below Poverty Line …

How Views Of Oncologists And Haematologists Impacts Palliative Care Referral: A Systematic Review, Naveen Salins, Arunangshu Ghoshal, Sean Hughes, Nancy Preston

Open Access archive

Background: Worldwide, many patients with cancer, are infrequently referred to palliative care or are referred late. Oncologists and haematologists may act as gatekeepers, and their views may facilitate or hinder referrals to palliative care. This review aimed to identify, explore and synthesise their views on referrals systematically. Methods: Databases of MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane were searched for articles from 01/01/1990 to 31/12/2019. All studies were scored for their methodological rigour using Hawker’s tool. Findings were synthesised using Popay’s narrative synthesis method and interpreted using a critical realist lens and social exchange theory. Results: Out …

Identifying Opportunities For Antimicrobial Stewardship Through A Point Prevalence Survey In An Indian Tertiary-Care Teaching Hospital, Zabiuddin Ahad Mohammed, Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay, Muralidhar Varma, Vandana Kalwaje Eshwara

Open Access archive

Objectives: Unregulated and inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents has been a major driver of antimicrobial resistance with a dangerous impact on health issues in developing nations. We report an audit of antimicrobial use patterns in a tertiary-care teaching hospital in order to identify opportunities for antimicrobial stewardship. Methods: A point prevalence survey was conducted to study the use of ten selected antibiotics in various adult inpatient facilities. Patient characteristics as well as indications and patterns of antibiotic prescription were recorded. Results: A total of 188 patients received any one of the survey antibiotics, accounting for 43% of patients admitted under …

Population Structure And Diet Generalism Define A Preliminary Ecological Profile Of Zoonotic Virus Hosts In The Western Ghats, India, Michael G. Walsh, Shah Hossain

Open Access archive

The rainforests of the Western Ghats exhibit some of the highest biodiversity on the planet, and yet are undergoing rapid land use change due to the expansion of agriculture and other industries. As the landscape of the region is transformed, more people are coming into conflict with wildlife and becoming exposed to pathogens that previously circulated beyond the boundaries of human incursion. Despite an ecological knowledge imperative, this emerging landscape is ill-defined with respect to the ecology of zoonotic viruses and their mammalian wildlife hosts. Without a better understanding of the underlying infection ecology, the epidemiology of viral spillover will …

Effect Of Vitamin A, Calcium And Vitamin D Fortification And Supplementation On Nutritional Status Of Women: An Overview Of Systematic Reviews, Eti Rajwar, Shradha S. Parsekar, Bhumika Tumkur Venkatesh, Zinnia Sharma

Open Access archive

Background: Micronutrient deficiency affects the health and development of vulnerable population such as children and pregnant women. Measures such as fortification of food and supplementation have been implemented to prevent or control deficiencies related to micronutrients. Objective: To assess the effect of vitamin A, vitamin D, and calcium fortification and supplementation on nutritional status of women in reproductive age group. To assess the toxicities and adverse events related to intervention. Methodology: Systematic reviews including RCTs on women of reproductive age group provided with vitamin A, vitamin D, and calcium supplementation or fortified food were included, to report all malnutrition-related outcomes …

The Relationship Between Physical Fitness Attributes And Sports Injury In Female, Team Ball Sport Players: A Systematic Review, Jessica B. Farley, Lily M. Barrett, Justin W.L. Keogh, Carl T. Woods

Open Access archive

Background: Understanding the relationships between physical fitness characteristics and sports injury may assist with the development of injury minimisation programs. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the association between physical fitness attributes and sports injury in female, team ball sport players. Methods: Four scientific databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, Scopus) and reference lists of relevant research were searched for eligible studies up to September 2, 2019. Full-text articles examining the relationship between physical fitness and sports injury in female, team ball sport players were included. A modified Downs and Black checklist was used to assess methodological quality. Data …

Association Between Serum Micronutrient Levels And Febrile Seizures Among Febrile Children In Southern India: A Case Control Study, Lakmeel Kannachamkandy, Sowmini P. Kamath, Prasanna Mithra, K. Jayashree

Open Access archive

Background: Febrile seizures are prevalent in children. Interactions between the neurotransmitters and micronutrients levels in the biological fluids have been implicated in its occurrence. Objective: To assess the serum copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) levels in febrile children and to evaluate their association with febrile seizures. Methods: The study included 35 children with febrile seizures as cases and 35 children with febrile illnesses without seizures as controls. Children between six months to five years were included in the study group. The serum Cu, Mg and Zn levels were analyzed by the semi-auto analyzer. Data analysis was done using …

Are Our Teachers Knowledgeable Towards Pre Hospital Emergency Care: A Study From South India, Alok Jindal, Ramesh Holla, Noorelle Karim Khan, Sukanya Basak

Open Access archive

Background: School children stay a significant hour of the day in their school and are the medium through which information can be carried to their parents and other family members, about basic information regarding Pre-Hospital Care. Objectives: To determine the awareness about Pre-Hospital care among school teachers in Mangalore and to determine how many teachers have received formal training in Pre-Hospital care. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among school teachers in 5 schools across Mangalore. Convenience sampling was done. Data was obtained from 118 school teachers across five schools in Mangalore, India using a self-administered questionnaire. Results: It was …

Stress Among The Caregivers Of Mentally Disabled Children Visiting A Rehabilitation Centre In Chennai, Tamil Nadu – A Cross-Sectional Study, Aarthi Ramachandran, Navya Vyas, Dan Isaac Pothiyil

Open Access archive

Caregiving is a complex health care activity, from an informal family level activity; it is becoming a major part of health care. In India, family members are mostly caregivers for persons with mental disabilities. The present study assessed the stress among the caregivers of mentally disabled children (Autistic Spectrum Disorder, Intellectual Disability, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) and found the association between stress and selected socio-demographic variables. This was an institutional based cross-sectional study with a duration of six months, i.e. from January 2019 to June 2019. This study was conducted among the caregivers availing services (therapies and follow-ups) at …

Effect Of Aerobic Exercises On Depressive Symptoms, Anxiety, Self-Esteem, And Quality Of Life Among Adults With Depression, Udatha Thirupathi Rao, Judith Angelitta Noronha, Kasturi Adiga

Open Access archive

Depression impacts on daily living activities of depressive patients. Patients suffering with mental disorders also show impairment in their Quality of life. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of aerobic exercises on depressive symptoms, anxiety, self-esteem, and quality of life among adults suffering from depression. Methods: Participants (N = 80) were assigned to the experimental group (40), received the aerobic exercises along with medication and control group (40), received the medication only. The intervention was carried out over a period of 8 weeks with the intervention group performing the exercise for 3 days a week. Results: The mean age of the …

The Relationship Between Physical Fitness Qualities And Sport-Specific Technical Skills In Female, Team-Based Ball Players: A Systematic Review, Jessica B. Farley, Joshua Stein, Justin W.L. Keogh, Carl T. Woods

Open Access archive

Background: Understanding the relationships between physical fitness attributes and sport-specific technical skills may assist with the establishment of beneficial training interventions. The aim of this systematic review was to determine if physical fitness qualities were associated with performance of sport-specific technical skills in female, team-based ball players. Methods: Five databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, ProQuest, and Scopus) were searched for relevant studies up to April 15, 2019. Full-text articles investigating relationships between physical fitness and sport-specific technical skills in female, team-based ball players were included. Methodological quality of included studies was appraised using a modified Downs and Black checklist. Data synthesis …

Risk Factors For Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Case-Control Study From Coastal Karnataka, Surabhi Mishra, Avinash Shetty, Chythra R. Rao, Sathisha Nayak

Open Access archive

Background: Identification of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk factors is pertinent, for it can be an effective intervention for its prevention. As previous information regarding GDM risk factors from India were mostly descriptive and scarce from coastal Karnataka, a current prospective case-control study was designed to identify GDM risk factors among pregnant women seeking antenatal care. Methods: A hospital-based prospective matched case–control study was carried among antenatal subjects seeking routine antenatal care at two secondary-level care private hospitals, affiliated to a University Medical College in coastal Karnataka. It comprised of 100 incident GDM cases and 273 frequency-matched controls. Data was …

Factors Influencing Adherence To Anti-Diabetes Medications Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients Attending Tertiary Care Hospitals In Mangaluru, Rekha Thapar, Ramesh Holla, Nithin Kumar, Shodhan Aithal

Open Access archive

Background: Poor adherence is generally associated with bad outcomes of the disease especially in Non-communicable disease like diabetes. Objectives: To study the level of adherence and factors associated with adherence to anti-diabetes medication among patients with diabetes. Method: ology: In this cross-sectional study, 124 diabetes patients attending medicine OPDs at hospitals affiliated to Kasturba medical college, Mangaluru were assessed regarding their adherence to anti-diabetes medications using the Morisky 8-Item Medication Adherence scale. Univariate and multivariate analysis was done to determine the factors associated with good adherence. Results: The mean age of the patient was 59.8 ± 11.2 years. The median …

Documentation Compliance Of In-Patient Files: A Cross Sectional Study From An East India State, Mohd Aihatram Khan, Nilima Nilima, Jackline Prathibha, Bhaskar Tiwary

Open Access archive

Aim: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of nurses regarding in-patient file documentation. Background: Documentation is a communication tool that helps in the exchange of information stored between caregivers. Quality documentation promotes structured, consistent and effective communication between healthcare providers. This is a preliminary study on the documentation in tertiary care hospitals for initial steps to be taken by the concerned health officers and decision makers. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with a total of 80 respondents who were selected conveniently from a tertiary care hospital in Durgapur. Study utilized a dichotomous self-administered questionnaire. Qualitative characteristics …

Effect Of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle Reinforcement On Flexural Strength Of Denture Base Resin: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Madhu Keshava Bangera, Ravindra Kotian, Ravishankar N

Open Access archive

The study was designed to assess the change in flexural strength of unmodified heat cure denture base polymer resin on reinforcement with titanium dioxide nanoparticles in different concentrations. In vitro, randomized control trials reporting flexural strength of titanium dioxide nanoparticle reinforced resin were selected. The review was formulated based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses- Protocol (PRISMA-P) guidelines. Quality assessment was performed according to Consolidated Standards Of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines and risk of bias Cochrane tool. Six articles in the category of 1%, 3%, 5% weight fractions of titanium dioxide nanoparticles were subjected to a meta-analysis. …

The Genetic Affinities Of Gujjar And Ladakhi Populations Of India, Mugdha Singh, Anujit Sarkar, Devinder Kumar, Madhusudan R. Nandineni

Open Access archive

The Union Territories of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) and Ladakh in North India owing to their unique geographic location offer a wide variety of landscape from plains to high altitudes and is a congruence of many languages and cultural practices. Here, we present the genetic diversity studies of Gujjars from Jammu region of J&K and Ladakhi population based on a battery of autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and short tandem repeats (STRs), Y-chromosomal STRs and the control region of the mitochondrial genome. These two populations were observed to be genetically distant to each other as well as to other populations …

Equitable Allocation Of Covid-19 Vaccines: An Analysis Of The Initial Allocation Plans Of Cdc's Jurisdictions With Implications For Disparate Impact Monitoring, Harald Schmidt, Rebecca Weintraub, Michelle A. Williams, Alison Buttenheim, Emily Sadecki, Helen Wu, Lawrence O. Gostin, Angela A. Shen

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

Major global and national vaccine allocation guidelines urge planners to allocate vaccines in ways that recognize, and ideally reduce, existing societal inequities within countries. However, allocation plans of the US will be determined individually by each of the CDC’s 64 jurisdictions (states, the District of Columbia, five cities, and territories). We analyzed whether jurisdictions have incorporated novel approaches to reduce inequity, based on plans published by the CDC in early November 2020 (63 summaries [98% of all jurisdictions] and 47 full guidance documents [73% of all, including all 50 states]).

Eighteen states adopted a novel proposal to use a disadvantage …

Commentary: Coronavirus, Cysts, And Catheters, Olugbenga Okusanya, Ibrahim Sultan

Department of Surgery Faculty Papers

No abstract provided.

Graduate Internship Report- Corcoran High School, Viktoria Granicy

Agricultural Education: Graduate Internship Reports

This internship and project report includes validation documents required in meeting the quality criteria for secondary-level programs of instruction in agriculture. The supporting material includes information to receive state and local funding, outline the goals and objectives of the program, along with an overview of Corcoran High School, the agriculture program, and the community.

Genotypic Variations Of Mutans Streptococci Isolated From Dental Caries By Rep-Pcr, Hamzah Abdulrahman Salman, R. Senthilkumar

Baghdad Science Journal

Mutans streptococci (MS) are a group of oral bacteria considered as the main cariogenic organisms. MS consists of several species of genus Streptococcus which are sharing similar phenotypes and genotypes. The aim of this study is to determine the genetic diversity of the core species of clinical strains of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus and Streptococcus downei by using repitative extragenic palindromic (REP) primer. The DNA of the clinical strains of S. mutans (n=10), S. sobrinus (n=05) and S. downei (n=04) have been employed in the present study, which have been previously isolated from caries active subjects. The DNA of the …

Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus In Hepatitis C Patients In Wazirabad Tehsil Of Gujranwala District Of Pakistan, Shazia Shamas, Mahjabeen Zafar, Shumaila Irum, Lubna Khan, Haleema Sadia, Sadia Roshan, Tanzil Ur Rahman, Muhammad Yousaf Khan, Muhammad Ammar

Baghdad Science Journal

Hepatitis, a condition of liver’s inflammation that can be self-limiting or, in certain chances, it may lead to liver cancer, fibrosis or cirrhosis. Hepatitis viruses mainly cause hepatitis in the world. People with hepatitis C have predominant chances to develop diabetes as HCV virus participates in causing type 2 diabetes. HCV virus causes pathogenesis in two ways: it either directly destroys the β cells of pancreas or contributes to the specific autoimmunity of β cells. The present cross sectional study was done in Wazirabad Tahsil of Gujranwala District to analyze the percentage of patients suffering from hepatitis C who had …