Digital Commons Network^™

Age-Related Deficits In Voluntary Activation: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Vianney Rozand, Christopher W. Sundberg, Sandra K. Hunter, Ashleigh E. Smith

Exercise Science Faculty Research and Publications

Whether there are age-related differences in neural drive during maximal effort contractions is not clear. This review determined the effect of age on voluntary activation during maximal voluntary isometric contractions. The literature was systematically reviewed for studies reporting voluntary activation quantified with the interpolated twitch technique (ITT) or central activation ratio (CAR) during isometric contractions in young (18–35 yr) and old adults (>60 yr; mean, ≥65 yr). Of the 2697 articles identified, 54 were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Voluntary activation was assessed with electrical stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation on five different muscle groups. Random-effects meta-analysis revealed …

Under Pressure: Psychological Perspectives On Letterpress, Craft And Well-Being, V Squire, Sr Homer

School of Art, Design and Architecture

Abstract Arts and crafts are widely considered to be psychologically beneficial. Letterpress, as a traditional method of printing, was made redundant by computers in the later twentieth century but has enjoyed a 'rebirth' in recent years. There are a growing number of independent presses, and universities who are recognizing its potential as a pedagogical tool. As a printing method, it is no longer a necessity, so what is its role going forward? The techniques are not lost, but their value has changed. As a craft, letterpress has several distinctive qualities, particularly when compared to digital alternatives. When working with letterpress, …

Cognitive, Social, Emotional, And Subjective Health Benefits Of Computer Use In Adults: A 9-Year Longitudinal Study From The Midlife In The United States (Midus), Andree Hartanto, Jose C. Yong, Wei Xing (Zhuo Weixing) Toh, Sean Teck Hao Lee, Yue Qi Germaine Tng, William Tov

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Computer use has been proposed to carry a host of benefits for cognitive function and socioemotional well-beingin older adults. However, the literature on computer use remains equivocal as extant research suffers from mixedfindings as well as methodological limitations, such as overreliance on cross-sectional designs, small samplesizes, and use of narrow criterions. The current studies (NStudy 1 ¼ 3,294, NStudy 2 ¼ 2,683) sought to address theselimitations through the use of a large-scale, nationally representative, and longitudinal dataset. We found thatfrequency of computer use—over a period of approximately 9 years—longitudinally predicted positive changesin executive functioning, hedonic well-being, eudaimonic well-being, sense of …

A Self-Reliant Umbrella: Defining Successful Aging Among The Old-Old (80+) In Shanghai, Lin Chen, Minzhi Ye, Eva Kahana

School of Social Work Faculty Publications

The Chinese old-old (80+) population has steadily increased in recent years; however, limited studies have examined how this group ages. The purpose of this study is to explore how the old-old in urban China define successful aging. Guided by grounded theory, we conducted semi-structured, in-depth interviews with community-dwelling old-old participants (N = 97). Participants identified self-reliance as the goal of successful aging, which was supported by four proactive behaviors: physical activity, financial security, community connectedness, and willing acceptance of reality. In our model, we conceptualized these four proactive behaviors to constitute the ribs of an umbrella, supporting a canopy to …

The Impact Of Diabetic Foot Ulcers And Unilateral Offloading Footwear On Gait In People With Diabetes, Erica Ling, Brian Lepow, He Zhou, Ana Enriquez, Ashley Mullen, Bijan Najafi

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Unilateral offloading footwear prescribed to patients with diabetic foot ulcers elevates one limb relative to the other, which may lead to limp and abnormal gait. This study investigated whether the unilateral foot ulcer and offloading combination negatively impacts gait function beyond diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

METHODS: Eighty-six participants were recruited in 3 groups: 12 with diabetic peripheral neuropathy and unilateral foot ulcers wearing offloading footwear (offloading group, age = 55.6 ± 9.5 years, BMI = 30.9 ± 4.5 kg/m

FINDINGS: The offloading group exhibited deteriorated gait function compared to the non-diabetic group (p < 0.005, Cohen's effect size d = 0.90-2.61). They also had decreased gait speed (p < 0.001, d = 1.79) and stride length (p < 0.001, d = 1.76), as well as increased gait cycle time (p < 0.001, d = 1.67) and limp (p < 0.050, d = 0.72-1.49) compared to the neuropathy group. The offloading group showed increased gait unsteadiness compared to the neuropathy group, but the difference did not reach statistical significance in our samples.

INTERPRETATION: This study demonstrated that while diabetic …

Orthostatic Hypotension, Cardiovascular Outcomes, And Adverse Events: Results From Sprint, Stephen P Juraschek, Addison A Taylor, Jackson T Wright, Gregory W Evans, Edgar R Miller, Timothy B Plante, William C Cushman, Tanya R Gure, William E Haley, Imran Moinuddin, John Nord, Suzanne Oparil, Carolyn Pedley, Christianne L Roumie, Jeff Whittle, Alan Wiggers, Ciarán Finucane, Rose Anne Kenny, Lawrence J Appel, Raymond R Townsend

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is frequently observed with hypertension treatment, but its contribution to adverse outcomes is unknown. The Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) was a randomized trial of adults, age ≥50years at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) with a seated systolic BP (SBP) of 130–180 mmHg and a standing SBP ≥110 mmHg. Participants were randomized to a SBP treatment goal of either <120 mmHg or <140 mmHg. OH was defined as a drop in SBP≥20 or diastolic BP ≥10 mmHg one minute after standing from a seated position. We used Cox models to examine the association of OH with CVD or adverse study events by randomized BP goal. During the follow-up period (median 3years), there were 1,170 (5.7%) instances of OH among those assigned a standard BP goal, and 1,057 (5.0%) among those assigned the intensive BP goal. OH was not associated with higher risk of CVD events (primary outcome: HR 1.06; 95%CI: 0.78,1.44). Moreover, OH was not associated with syncope, electrolyte abnormalities, injurious falls, or acute renal failure. OH was associated with hypotension-related hospitalizations or emergency department visits (HR 1.77; 1.11,2.82) and bradycardia (HR 1.94; 1.19,3.15), but these associations did not differ by BP treatment goal. OH was not associated with a higher risk of CVD events and BP treatment goal had no effect on OH’s association with hypotension and bradycardia. Symptomless OH during hypertension treatment should not be viewed as a reason to down-titrate therapy even in the setting of a lower BP goal.

Silver And Old: How Emtala's Outdated Appropriate Medical Screening Standard Impacts The Aging Population, Madisyn Uekawa

Seattle University Law Review

With the U.S. elder population on the brink of booming, attention to the ramifications of legal standards that affect them is a must. In 2018, the Sixth Circuit split from its sister circuits and solidified an interpretation of the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act’s (EMTALA) “appropriate medical screening” standard that will adversely affect aging individuals. Since older adults are the most likely demographic to use emergency care services, laws that impact emergency care will inevitably trickle down to this group of people. To protect already vulnerable older adults, EMTALA should be modified in such a way that (1) it …

Developing Communities Of Practical Wisdom: An Exercise In The Synthesis Of Memory, Religion And Pragmatism In Religious Studies, Holly Nelson-Becker

Social Work: School of Social Work Faculty Publications and Other Works

There is an ancient tension between the values of being and doing, with, at various times, doing garnering the more important position. In truth, both are important and matter. There are reciprocity and rhythm in the cycle of being, learning, doing, and reflection where all dimensions inform the next. Hans Georg Gadamer (1982) wrote similarly that understanding, interpretation, and application were in relationship such that the individual components could not be separated. Religious Studies stands as a discipline at the juncture of both being and doing: awareness and appreciation for diverse cultural, spiritual, and value dimensions. It also poses …

Lifespan Of Long-Lived Growth Hormone Receptor Knockout Mice Was Not Normalized By Housing At 30°C Since Weaning, Yimin Fang, Samuel Mcfadden, Justin Darcy, Erin R. Hascup, Kevin Hascup, Andrzej Bartke

Articles

Growth hormone receptor knockout (GHRKO) mice are remarkably long-lived and have improved glucose homeostasis along with altered energy metabolism which manifests through decreased respiratory quotient (RQ) and increased oxygen consumption (VO₂ ). Short-term exposure of these animals to increased environmental temperature (eT) at 30°C can normalize their VO₂ and RQ. We hypothesized that increased heat loss in the diminutive GHRKO mice housed at 23°C and the consequent metabolic adjustments to meet the increased energy demand for thermogenesis may promote extension of longevity, and preventing these adjustments by chronic exposure to increased eT will reduce or eliminate their longevity …

Impact On Nursing Students' Knowledge Through Integration Of An End-Of-Life Course In The Undergraduate Curriculum, Laly Joseph

Nursing Education Research Conference (NERC)

The purpose of this evidence-based study was to examine the impact of palliative care course on nursing students' knowledge towards providing end-of-life care. Evaluating the outcomes can lead to curricular changes and provide a basis for decisions related to the best approaches for addressing end-of-life care in nursing curricula.

Volume 57, Number 27: February 26, 2020, University Of North Dakota

University Letter Archive

No abstract provided.

2019 Undergraduate Research Symposium: Full Program, Honors College, Old Dominion University

Undergraduate Research Symposium

Full program with schedule and abstracts for the 2019 Undergraduate Research Symposium.

Applying Theory To The Process Of International Research, Kasey Chance, Brandy L. Simpler, Johanna Alberich, Jeffery Wade Forehand, Amy L. Yoder Spurlock

Nursing Education Research Conference (NERC)

The process of guiding research itself can be a daunting task for any nurse researcher. In this presentation, the authors' experiences in developing and conducting an international research study in Costa Rica will be highlighted using Orlando's deliberative nursing process theory, including the steps of assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation.

Documents From The February 22 And February 23 Final Budgeting Meeting Of The Associated Students Of The University Of Montana (Asum), University Of Montana--Missoula. Associated Students

Senate Meeting Agendas and Minutes, 2007-Present

Meeting minutes from the February 22 and February 23 final budgeting session meetings of the Associated Students of the University of Montana (ASUM).

Documents From The February 22 & 23, 2020 Final Budgeting Meeting Of The Associated Students Of The University Of Montana (Asum), University Of Montana--Missoula. Associated Students

Senate Meeting Agendas and Minutes, 2007-Present

Final budgeting minutes of the February 22 and February 23 final budgeting session of the Associated Students of the University of Montana (ASUM).

Curricular Report #2019-20-8 From The Graduate Council To The Faculty Senate: Curricular Changes, University Of Rhode Island Faculty Senate

Faculty Senate Bills

No abstract provided.

Factors Influencing End-Of-Life Decisions Regarding The Living Will And Durable Power Of Attorney: An Application Of Roy's Adaptation Model, Weihua Zhang

Dissertations

Modern technology offers extraordinary life-saving opportunities that were not imaginable in old times. However, it also takes us to a new frontier where the challenge of life-saving becomes death-prolonging. More than a decade after the Patient Self-Determination Act which guarantees the individual's legal right to decide the end-of-life care, the utilization of this right has seen no significant increase. The purpose of this quantitative study was to identify the variables that influence the decision-making responses related to Advance Directives (ADs). A path model applying Roy's Adaptation Model was developed for the study. Publicly accessible data collected for the Longitudinal Study …

Variables That May Affect Physical Activity Levels In African American Females With Type 2 Diabetes, Melanie K. Samardzija

Dissertations

Type 2 diabetes continues to pose a significant health challenge for the United States. The incidence and prevalence rates for type 2 diabetes are higher for certain at risk populations such as African American females. Personal behaviors including high-fat, high-caloric diets and physical inactivity result in obesity and insulin resistance that are associated with type 2 diabetes. Physical inactivity is particularly common in African American females, and this places them at an increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes. Certain variables have been shown to influence physical activity. The purpose of this study was to examine how selected …

Benefits Of Volunteering In Young People At Risk Of Social Exclusion, María Celeste Dávila De León, Mercedes Negueruela, Macarena Sánchez-Izquierdo

Irish Journal of Applied Social Studies

Studies on the benefits of volunteering in young people have received some attention, although important knowledge gaps still exist concerning this matter. The main aim of this study is to analyse the different profiles of those who choose to take part in voluntary activities and those who do not; another aim being to analyse the benefits of volunteering in young people. A total of 66 young people participating in training programmes in Spain completed a questionnaire and took part in a follow-up survey six months later. The study found that the young volunteers were more likely to volunteer in the …

Placing Irish Social Work In A Global Context: Assembling International Comparisons Through The Literature, Susan Flynn, Leigh-Ann Sweeney

Irish Journal of Applied Social Studies

There is an absence of literature that places social work practice in Ireland within a global context. This circumstance is obstructive to students and practitioners of social work in Ireland, who must increasingly demonstrate understanding of social work as an international endeavour. Ireland is also steadily more globalised and multi-cultural. In social work, related changes underway include increased transience of persons across national lines, and complex transnational social problems. In this context, social workers may broaden their understanding of Irish practice through drawing upon learning from elsewhere. To facilitate this, critical commentary on the literature in this article operates around …

Let She Who Has The Womb Speak: Regulating The Use Of Human Oocyte Cryopreservation To The Detriment Of Older Women, Browne C. Lewis

Arkansas Law Review

“Inequality starts in the womb.” When it comes to childbearing, advances in assisted reproductive technology (ART) may negate the veracity of this quote. In her autobiography Becoming, former First Lady Michelle Obama discusses her struggles with infertility. Mrs. Obama’s difficulty getting pregnant may have stemmed from the fact that she postponed motherhood to focus on her career as a high-powered attorney. At that time, for Mrs. Obama and women of her generation, the focus was on pregnancy prevention instead of procreation preservation. Women feared being placed on the “mommy track,” so they waited to have children until after they had …

Ethical Considerations When Conducting Research With Older Adults, Karen Arrant

Journal of Interprofessional Practice and Collaboration

The ethical issue exists between the researcher’s passion for the study focus and the human rights of the participant. This manuscript provides a case study, an actual illustration, but names were changed to protect anonymity. Objectives include examining the researcher’s perspective and personal beliefs, identifying the process to recruit participants, the ethical manner to disseminate information, and identifying ethical principles during the study process.It is mandatory that minute attention is given to the details of caring for the safety and welfare of study participants.

Ethics In Research, Karen Arrant

Journal of Interprofessional Practice and Collaboration

Due to a history of unethical research studies, ethical codes were developed to address the treatment of humans during research. After World War II, the Nuremberg Code was developed to prevent research misconduct by establishing specific protective criteria for human subjects. The Belmont Report, developed in 1978 in the United States, regulates studies today. The Belmont Report contains three basic ethical principles: (1) respect for persons, (2) beneficence, and (3) justice. The Belmont Report provides research-based protective implementation for informed consent, risk/benefit assessment, and participant selection. This case study demonstrates how to implement ethical standards successfully during research with human …

Impact Of A Nutritional Supplement During Gestation And Early Childhood On Child Salivary Cortisol, Hair Cortisol, And Telomere Length At 4–6 Years Of Age: A Follow-Up Of A Randomized Controlled Trial, Brietta M. Oaks, Seth Adu-Afarwuah, Sika Kumordzie, Mark L. Laudenslager, Dana L. Smith, Jue Lin, Rebecca R. Young, Charles D. Arnold, Helena Bentil, Harriet Okronipa, Maku Ocansey, Kathryn G. Dewey

Nutrition Faculty Publications

Dysregulation of the stress response can occur early in life and may be affected by nutrition. Our objective was to evaluate the long-term effect of nutritional supplementation during gestation and early childhood on child cortisol and buccal telomere length (a marker of cellular aging) at 4–6 years of age. We conducted a follow-up study of children born to women who participated in a nutritional supplementation trial in Ghana. In one group, a lipid-based nutrient supplement (LNS) was provided to women during gestation and the first 6 months postpartum and to their infants from age 6 to 18 months. The control …

Social Determinants Of Health: Underreported Heterogeneity In Systematic Reviews Of Caregiver Interventions, Heather M. Young, Janice F. Bell, Robin L. Whitney, Ronit A. Ridberg, Sarah C. Reed, Peter P. Vitaliano, Kenneth Hepburn

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Background and Objectives: Although most people have some experience as caregivers, the nature and context of care are highly variable. Caregiving, socioeconomic factors, and health are all interrelated. For these reasons, caregiver interventions must consider these factors. This review examines the degree to which caregiver intervention research has reported and considered social determinants of health. Research Design and Methods: We examined published systematic reviews and meta-analyses of interventions for older adults with age-related chronic conditions using the PRISMA and AMSTAR 2 checklists. From 2,707 papers meeting search criteria, we identified 197 potentially relevant systematic reviews, and selected 33 for the …

Temporal Trends In The Standing Broad Jump Performance Of United States Children And Adolescents, Bridget K. Pinoniemi, Grant R. Tomkinson, Tanis J. Walch, James N. Roemmich, John S. Fitzgerald

Education, Health & Behavior Studies Faculty Publications

Purpose: To estimate temporal trends in broad jump performance for United States youth, a marker of muscular fitness and health.

Method: Electronic databases, topical systematic reviews, and personal libraries were systematically searched for studies reporting descriptive standing broad jump data for apparently healthy United States youth (age 10–17 years). Temporal trends at the sex-age level were estimated using sample-weighted regression models associating the year of testing to mean jump performance, with national trends standardized to the year 1985 using a post-stratified population-weighting procedure.

Results: Collectively, there was a small increase of 12.6 cm (95%CI: 12.5 to 12.7) or 7.9% (95%CI: …

Brain Health Innovation Diplomacy: A Model Binding Diverse Disciplines To Manage The Promise And Perils Of Technological Innovation, Kylie Ternes, Vijeth Iyengar, Helen Lavretsky, Walter D. Dawson, Laura Booi, Agustin Ibanez, Ipsit Vahia, Charles Reynolds, Steven Dekosky, Jeffrey Cummings, Bruce Miller, Carla Perissinotto, Jeffrey Kaye, Harris A. Eyre

School of Medicine Faculty Research

Background: Brain health diplomacy aims to influence the global policy environment for brain health (i.e. dementia, depression, and other mind/brain disorders) and bridges the disciplines of global brain health, international affairs, management, law, and economics. Determinants of brain health include educational attainment, diet, access to health care, physical activity, social support, and environmental exposures, as well as chronic brain disorders and treatment. Global challenges associated with these determinants include large-scale conflicts and consequent mass migration, chemical contaminants, air quality, socioeconomic status, climate change, and global population aging. Given the rapidly advancing technological innovations impacting brain health, it is paramount to …

Incapacitating Errors: Sentencing And The Science Of Change, M. Eve Hanan

Denver Law Review

No abstract provided.

Auditory And Visual External Cues Have Different Effects On Spatial But Similar Effects On Temporal Measures Of Gait Variability, Joao R. Vaz, Troy Rand, Jessica Fujan-Hansen, Mukul Mukherjee, Nicholas Stergiou

Journal Articles

Walking synchronized to external cues is a common practice in clinical settings. Several research studies showed that this popular gait rehabilitation tool alters gait variability. There is also recent evidence which suggests that alterations in the temporal structure of the external cues could restore gait variability at healthy levels. It is unknown, however, if such alterations produce similar effects if the cueing modalities used are different; visual or auditory. The modality could affect gait variability differentially, since there is evidence that auditory cues mostly act in the temporal domain of gait, while visual cues act in the spatial domain of …

The Project Talent Twin And Sibling Study: Zygosity And New Data Collection, Carol A. Prescott, Ellen E. Walters, Thalida Em Arpawong, Catalina Zavala, Tara L. Gruenewald, Margaret Gatz

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

The Project Talent Twin and Sibling (PTTS) study includes 4481 multiples and their 522 nontwin siblings from 2233 families. The sample was drawn from Project Talent, a U.S. national longitudinal study of 377,000 individuals born 1942–1946, first assessed in 1960 and representative of U.S. students in secondary school (Grades 9–12). In addition to the twins and triplets, the 1960 dataset includes 84,000 siblings from 40,000 other families. This design is both genetically informative and unique in facilitating separation of the ‘common’ environment into three sources of variation: shared by all siblings within a family, specific to twin-pairs, and associated with …