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2020

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The Influence Of Santería In Leo Brouwer's Solo Guitar Works (1955–1993), Eoin Flood Jan 2020

The Influence Of Santería In Leo Brouwer's Solo Guitar Works (1955–1993), Eoin Flood

Doctoral

This study will assess the solo guitar works of Cuban composer Leo Brouwer (1939–present) in terms of influence from Santería, a ritual music derived from WestAfrican slaves and still practised in Cuba. This will be achieved by using both analytical and evaluative processes. For the former, a range of influential parameters have been identified, each falling under three strands: rhythmic and metric, structural, and melodic. These will be revealed in all of Brouwer’s solo guitar works written from 1955 to 1993. A parameter’s influence can be revealed in two ways: the multitude of its usage per piece, or the percentage …

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Smart Green Communication Protocols Based On Several-Fold Messages Extracted From Common Sequential Patterns In Uavs, Iván García-Magariño, Geraldine Gray, Raquel Lacuesta, Jaime Lloret Jan 2020

Smart Green Communication Protocols Based On Several-Fold Messages Extracted From Common Sequential Patterns In Uavs, Iván García-Magariño, Geraldine Gray, Raquel Lacuesta, Jaime Lloret

Articles

Green communications can be crucial for saving energy in UAVs and enhancing their autonomy. The current work proposes to extract common sequential patterns of communications to gather each common pattern into a single several- fold message with a high-level compression. Since the messages of a pattern are elapsed from each other in time, the current approach performs a machine learning approach for estimating the elapsed times using off-line training. The learned predictive model is applied by each UAV during flight when receiving a several-fold compressed message. We have explored neural networks, linear regression and correlation analyses among others. The current …

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Examining A High-Impact, First-Semester Seminar Class On Online Undergraduate Student Self-Regulation, Self-Direction, Online Learning Self-Efficacy, And Persistence, Jacqueline Stephen Jan 2020

Examining A High-Impact, First-Semester Seminar Class On Online Undergraduate Student Self-Regulation, Self-Direction, Online Learning Self-Efficacy, And Persistence, Jacqueline Stephen

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

Student enrollment continues to increase in online programs, but there is concern surrounding the reported high rates of attrition in online classes compared to face-to-face classes. Undergraduate students are poorly prepared and lack the human agency necessary for success in the online learning environment. To address the lack of persistence of undergraduate online students, universities must create and implement interventions that prepare students for the online learning environment and help them develop as autonomous learners. This study examined whether differences in self-regulation, self-direction, and online learning self-efficacy exist between students participating in an experimental high-impact First-Semester Seminar (FSS) class and …

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In Vitro And In Vivo Evaluation And Mechanical Improvement Of The Electrospun Chitosan Membrane, Hengjie Su Jan 2020

In Vitro And In Vivo Evaluation And Mechanical Improvement Of The Electrospun Chitosan Membrane, Hengjie Su

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) membranes are used for providing barrier function in guiding bone regeneration. Chitosan has been explored for making GBR membranes since it is biocompatible and biodegradable. Our group developed electrospun chitosan membranes (ESCM) using two novel post-spinning treatments; triethylamine (TEA)/di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (tBOC) treatment and the butyryl-anhydride (BA) treatment. These treatments prevented swelling and retained the nanofibrous structure of the membranes in aqueous environments, and exhibited physical properties, cell and tissue responses, and effective barrier function in vivo that are promising for GBR applications. The objectives of this research were to:1.Further evaluate impact of TEA/tBOC-stabilized nanofiber structure of …

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Posthuman Iterations Of Literacy Coaching: A Walking Inquiry, Leslee Kathryn Bailey Tarbett Jan 2020

Posthuman Iterations Of Literacy Coaching: A Walking Inquiry, Leslee Kathryn Bailey Tarbett

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

Literacy coaching holds great potential to support professional growth over time, however, within the research literature, there has been a consistent call for a more expansive and interconnected exploration of the many aspects (social, linguistic, material, affective, etc.) that work together to produce knowledge in a literacy coaching context. This posthuman post-qualitative study explored how a K-2 school environment created certain iterations of literacy coaching through specific school policies, practices, spaces, non-human materials, and humans (e.g. interactions with teachers, administrators, etc.). Participants included one school-based literacy coach, school principal, two teachers, and the district literacy supervisor working at Magnolia Springs …

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Gamification Applied To Faculty Professional Development: A Case Study, Scott Wesley Vann Jan 2020

Gamification Applied To Faculty Professional Development: A Case Study, Scott Wesley Vann

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

The purpose of this qualitative case study was to examine online faculty perceptions of engagement within a gamified professional development course at a large urban research university. Over the last decade, gamification has been a trending topic in education because it allows learners an opportunity for contextualized and engaged learning by applying game-thinking to solve problems. Research has shown a direct link between increased levels of engagement when gamification elements such as badging, leaderboards, leveling, etc. are introduced into online learning environments. Currently, literature on the use of gamification is focused on learners in secondary and post-secondary learning institutions and …

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Optogenetic Guide Rna Production For Spatiotemporal Regulation Of Crispr/Cas Systems, Diego Augusto Velasquez Pulgarin Jan 2020

Optogenetic Guide Rna Production For Spatiotemporal Regulation Of Crispr/Cas Systems, Diego Augusto Velasquez Pulgarin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

Spatiotemporal organization and regulation of genomic and epigenomic processes is a phenomenon central to life. The pursuit of knowledge about these processes often requires specialized tools to be able to dissect biological mechanisms. CRISPR/Cas has emerged as a powerful tool for genome engineering, and has seen widespread use. Coupling CRISPR/Cas systems with tools that allow for spatiotemporal control is predicted to be transformational to the ability to perturb systems and gain the insights necessary to understand a diverse set of biological questions, and ultimately treat some of the most pervasive and elusive diseases. This dissertation describes the development of an …

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Addressing Educational Information And Communication Technology Integration Barriers In 1:1 Schools, Anecia J. Warren Jan 2020

Addressing Educational Information And Communication Technology Integration Barriers In 1:1 Schools, Anecia J. Warren

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

Research has indicated that more schools have increased their efforts to transform traditional classrooms into innovative 21st century learning environments. Some schools have even gone as far as implementing one-to-one digital learning environments. However, technology integration in education has been a slow transformational process, and studies have demonstrated that there are numerous barriers educators encounter along the way. The purpose of this study was to examine the first- and second-order barriers to Educational and Communication Technologies (ECTs) teachers???? experience in a 1:1 middle school learning environment. The perspectives of middle school educators who participated in this research study were examined. …

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Through The Wires Of Connection: The Role Of Empowered To Connect Parent Education In Trauma-Informed Parenting And Parent-Child Relationships, Nicole West Jan 2020

Through The Wires Of Connection: The Role Of Empowered To Connect Parent Education In Trauma-Informed Parenting And Parent-Child Relationships, Nicole West

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

This repeated measure design evaluates the effectiveness of the trauma-informed parent education course known as Empowered to Connect. This research used a quantitative method to investigate whether caregivers who are exposed to trauma-informed material improve their trauma-informed parenting skills and their parent-child relationship with their biological, foster, adoptive, and/or kinship children. Trauma-informed parenting is defined as a caregivers understanding of the impact of trauma on development and his or her ability to parent a child who has experienced a disruption in attachment and connection. A One-Way Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), descriptive statistics, and a Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test were …

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Female Athletes' Experiences Of Body Surveillance, Body Shame, Depression Symptoms, And Self-Compassion, Jennifer Yeoward Jan 2020

Female Athletes' Experiences Of Body Surveillance, Body Shame, Depression Symptoms, And Self-Compassion, Jennifer Yeoward

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

Female athletes are often recipients of conflicting messages about their bodies and these messages impact their mental health. Utilizing the framework of objectification theory, this online cross-sectional study focused on the reported experiences of body surveillance, body shame, and depression symptoms of female athletes (Mage = 34.21, SDage = 9.45). The study tested a moderated-mediation relationship among body surveillance, body shame, depression symptoms, and self-compassion to determine if body shame mediated the relationship between body surveillance and depression symptoms, and if self-compassion moderated the indirect relationship, by weakening the relationship between body surveillance and body shame. Two hundred and fifty-one …

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Transnational Family Language Policy And Religious Identity: An Autoethnographic Study, Muhammad Ahmad Alasmari Jan 2020

Transnational Family Language Policy And Religious Identity: An Autoethnographic Study, Muhammad Ahmad Alasmari

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

A growing trend in the field of family language policy (FLP) is to examine the interplay between language ideologies and practices and to explore the complex links between linguistic and non-linguistic forces in shaping language ideologies and meaning-making processes in multilingual families (Curdt-Christiansen, 2016; King & Lanza, 2017). The current study extends this discussion on the interplay between family external and internal factors, the processes parents experience, and their connection to dynamicity in the FLP to show how family members draw on their linguistic resources and experiences with multilingualism to define themselves within the family and wider community (King & …

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The Role Of First Language Literacy On Second Language Literacy: The Perceptions Of Graduate Saudi Students In Us Universities, Muhammad Alrayes Jan 2020

The Role Of First Language Literacy On Second Language Literacy: The Perceptions Of Graduate Saudi Students In Us Universities, Muhammad Alrayes

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

AbstractAlrayes, Muhammad AbdulMohsin. PhD. The University of Memphis. May 2020. The Role of First Language Literacy on Second Language Literacy: The Perceptions of Graduate Saudi Students in US Universities. Major Professor: Dr. Emily Thrush.ArrayThis study attempted to gather the perceptions of graduate Saudi students in the United States about the role of their first/second languages'(L1/L2) literacy transfer during their graduate work. The ultimate goal of this study is to reach a level of understanding about what specific role a students L1 literacy and educational background could play in shaping their L2 literacyduring graduate studies in an ESL context. Building on …

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United Stated Adolescent Health Literacy Development, Disparities, And Preventive Service Use Throughout The Lifecourse, Angela S. Askew Jan 2020

United Stated Adolescent Health Literacy Development, Disparities, And Preventive Service Use Throughout The Lifecourse, Angela S. Askew

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

Health literacy, an individuals ability to access and process health information to make health decisions, is an understudied topic among adolescents and young adults. Low health literacy potentially increases negative health outcomes such as chronic diseases, substance use, and overuse of health care services later in young adulthood. Understanding health literacy throughout the life course presents opportunity to decreases low health literacy, the associated negative health outcomes, and the onus its puts on society and the healthcare system. This dissertation aims to assess health literacy development during adolescent years with theoretical constructs geared towards health literacy development along with social …

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Application Of Single Board Computers And Sensors To Automate Analytical Methods And Miniaturize The Analytical Devices, Naga Prasanna Dhanunjay Boppana Jan 2020

Application Of Single Board Computers And Sensors To Automate Analytical Methods And Miniaturize The Analytical Devices, Naga Prasanna Dhanunjay Boppana

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

In this dissertation, a low cost liquid delivery system and an automated titration system have been developed using a Raspberry Pi single board computer, 3D printing, and commercial-off-the-shelf components. In addition, an on-line single point internal calibration method has been developed for haloacetic acid rapid-response (HAA-RR) system, a commercial analyzer for analysis of nine haloacetic acids (HAA9) in drinking water.The low cost liquid delivery system, the EZ-AutoPipet, was developed to deliver microliter volumes accurately and reproducibly. The EZ-AutoPipet produced excellent results regardless of analyst experience and performed better than traditional and commercial dosing devices at lower volumes. Several validation studies …

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Establishing Stimulus Control On Vocal Stereotypy In A Pre-School Age Child: Reducing The Voice Level Of Speech And Stereotypy While Monitoring The Collateral Effects, Molly Elizabeth Campbell Arana Jan 2020

Establishing Stimulus Control On Vocal Stereotypy In A Pre-School Age Child: Reducing The Voice Level Of Speech And Stereotypy While Monitoring The Collateral Effects, Molly Elizabeth Campbell Arana

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

The current study demonstrated how an antecedent intervention with visual feedback can be both effective at decreasing the magnitude or volume of vocal stereotypy while producing a collateral effect on the topography or type of vocalizations by leading to a decrease in inappropriate communication (stereotypy) and an increase in appropriate, functional speech. An alternating treatments design (card and no card conditions) was utilized with a follow-up probe across settings to assess generalization. The results of the study suggest that the volume of vocalizations could come under stimulus control of the card and that the volume of vocalizations was positively correlated …

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How Do Market And Organizational Factors Affect Quality Of Care: Mammography Follow-Up Rate, Jessica Marie Escareno Jan 2020

How Do Market And Organizational Factors Affect Quality Of Care: Mammography Follow-Up Rate, Jessica Marie Escareno

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

A mammogram follow-up rate investigates the rate of initial mammograms that require a follow-up visit to confirm breast cancer. The ideal mammogram follow-up rate for an organization is 10%. Rates below mean organizations are underperforming the scan and missing possible cancer cases; above means that hospitals are overdoing mammograms. Previous research examined the problem in a micro-level approach focusing on patient and provider level factors. Open systems theory views the problem from a macro-level approach showing the components and how they interact with each other and their environments. The objectives of this study include reviewing how open systems theory can …

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A Randomized Pilot Trial Of A Mobile-Delivered Brief Behavioral Economic Intervention To Reduce Emerging Adult Alcohol Misuse, Kathryn Soltis Gex Jan 2020

A Randomized Pilot Trial Of A Mobile-Delivered Brief Behavioral Economic Intervention To Reduce Emerging Adult Alcohol Misuse, Kathryn Soltis Gex

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

Objective. Heavy episodic drinking is a significant social and public health problem that peaks during emerging adulthood. In-person brief motivational interventions have been shown to be efficacious in reducing heavy drinking and problems in college students, but require student effort and personnel resources that may limit dissemination. The current study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a counselor-administered, synchronous text-message delivered brief motivational intervention aimed to reduce college student alcohol misuse. Method. Participants were 66 college students (63.6% identified as cisgender women; 61.9% identified their race as White; Mage = 19.95, SD = 1.66) who at baseline reported …

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The Spatial Ecology And Genetics Of Copperhead Snakes (Agkistrodon Contortrix) In An Urban Forest, Malle F. Carrasco-Harris Jan 2020

The Spatial Ecology And Genetics Of Copperhead Snakes (Agkistrodon Contortrix) In An Urban Forest, Malle F. Carrasco-Harris

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

As global population increases and metropolitan areas grow, natural habitats are progressively fragmented, isolated, and modified. Species residing in urban areas face novel challenges compared to conspecifics in undisturbed habitats. Animals in and around urban areas often modify behavior and space use to reduce anthropogenic disturbance. Further, populations may be isolated from other suitable habitats, potentially reducing opportunities to mate with non-related individuals. Although the consequences of urbanization have been extensively studied in birds and mammals, less is known about limited mobility animals, such as reptiles. Reptiles, specifically snakes are particularly vulnerable in urban areas because of their decreasing populations, …

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Who Wants You To Say Youre Sorry?: The Moderating Effect Of Brand Response On The Relationship Between Customer Attachment Style And Reactions To Brand Transgressions, Aaron David Joyal Jan 2020

Who Wants You To Say Youre Sorry?: The Moderating Effect Of Brand Response On The Relationship Between Customer Attachment Style And Reactions To Brand Transgressions, Aaron David Joyal

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

In psychology, negative behavior on the part of an individual is described as a transgression and transgressions are defined as an action by one individual towards another which violates the implicit or explicit norms and rules that serve as guides for conduct within the context of a relationship. Transgressions range from the mundane to the extreme and when an individual transgresses, they typically react in one of two ways: They may try to explain why they engaged in transgressive behavior by providing excuses or justifications through the use of apologia or they may take responsibility and apologize. Individuals who were …

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Saudi Efl Learners Knowledge And Use Of English Prepositional Verbs In Academic Writing, Hatim Abdulhadi Masoudi Jan 2020

Saudi Efl Learners Knowledge And Use Of English Prepositional Verbs In Academic Writing, Hatim Abdulhadi Masoudi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

Prepositional verbs are essential for English as a foreign language (EFL) and English as a second language (ESL) learners in academic writing. However, most learners, regardless of their proficiency, encounter difficulties using these verbs, and there is a lack of research on these difficulties. This study sought to describe, analyze, and understand Saudi EFL learners knowledge and use of English prepositional verbs in academic writing. The study also assesses the relevant teaching contexts and reasons behind common errors.The study utilized a mixed-methods approach with data collected from a cloze test, multiple-choice test, and semi-structured interview. The two tests were administered …

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Investigating Interculturality Of Saudi Students In The Us Academic Environment, Ruqayyah Nasser Moafa Jan 2020

Investigating Interculturality Of Saudi Students In The Us Academic Environment, Ruqayyah Nasser Moafa

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

This study applied Mixed Methods research (MM) to understand the possibility of developing the intercultural competence of Saudi students through language classes in Saudi Arabia, since there is an indication of a gap between language classes in Saudi Arabia and the globalized world. This study was conducted to investigate the intercultural competence development of Saudi students enrolled in American universities and compare it to the way they developed their interculturality during their language classes in Saudi Arabia. Thus, this dissertation sought to determine the necessary strategies to enrich intercultural competence through English language classes in Saudi Arabia. Using MM, this …

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Neural Mechanisms Underlying Hierarchical Speech-In-Noise Processing, Caitlin Elise Nelms Price Jan 2020

Neural Mechanisms Underlying Hierarchical Speech-In-Noise Processing, Caitlin Elise Nelms Price

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

One of the most commonly reported complaints related to hearing is difficulty understanding speech-in-noise (SIN). Numerous individuals struggle to effectively communicate in adverse listening conditions, even those with normal hearing. These difficulties are exacerbated due to age and hearing-related deficits such as hearing loss and auditory processing disorders. Despite the high prevalence of SIN deficits in individuals across the lifespan, the neural mechanisms underlying successful speech comprehension in noise are not well understood. Communication in noise is an incredibly complex process that requires efficient processing throughout the entire auditory pathway as well as contributions from higher-order cognitive processes including working …

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Counselor Trainee Empathy, Exposure And Attitudes Towards Offenders With Mental Illness, Frances I. Ellmo Jan 2020

Counselor Trainee Empathy, Exposure And Attitudes Towards Offenders With Mental Illness, Frances I. Ellmo

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

There is a large and growing population of individuals within the United States Criminal Justice system suffering from both diagnosed and undiagnosed mental health issues. The stigma associated with their offender status and mental illness can prevent sufficient quality of mental health services from being provided to this population. Even individuals that work closely with offenders have been shown to exhibit negative perceptions of offenders with mental illness and little research exists in this area related to counselors. Further, the offender population is one that requires specialized training and consideration and it is unclear how much training or exposure counselors …

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Choral Directors Perceptions Of Choral Tone, Emily Frizzell Jan 2020

Choral Directors Perceptions Of Choral Tone, Emily Frizzell

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

In this twoarticle dissertation I examine the effects of experience and culture on choral directors perceptions of choral tone across a variety of musical styles. In order to identify effects of teachers culture and years of experience on their perceptions of choral tone, I surveyed middle and high school choir teachers in the United States and used a KruskalWallis H test to compare teachers ratings of choral tone across a variety of musical styles. Results of the survey revealed variability inmedianscores among participants with different levels of teaching experience in their ratings of appropriateness of the tone for the musical …

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College Experiences Of Individuals With Mild To Moderate Intellectual Disabilities: Stories Of Our Success, Lisa Lynn Bryant Jan 2020

College Experiences Of Individuals With Mild To Moderate Intellectual Disabilities: Stories Of Our Success, Lisa Lynn Bryant

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

This article presents a case study of four participants diagnosed with mild-to-moderate intellectual disabilities, enrolled in support programs for neuro-atypical students at four-year private Christian universities in the Southeastern United States. Further, this article examines how these participants measured success in said programs, as well as whether success was achieved. This program aimed to provide students with opportunities to learn and grow alongside their neuro-typical peers in a rich academic environment. Through this case study, it was found that there are three primary criteria for success: class attendance (both general population and support-program classes), independence (including independent living, sustained employment), …

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Gender Representation In American Made English Language Learning Textbooks: A Multi-Modal Study, Amy Simpson Burden Jan 2020

Gender Representation In American Made English Language Learning Textbooks: A Multi-Modal Study, Amy Simpson Burden

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

Using Critical Discourse Analysis and computational linguistics in the present study, I investigated the discursive representations of gender in two series of English Language Development textbooks in the largest markets in the USA Texas and California. In addition, I examined the pictorial gender representations within images of these two series adhering to Critical Image Analysis. I also engaged in previously unnavigated realms of learning material study by examining the linguistic and pictorial gendering of non-human characters as well as examining types and tokens of gendered language. I also investigated the roles genre played in gendered messaging in both series. Finally, …

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Paths From Spiritual Support To College Self-Efficacy, Mollie Dianne Kaye Carter Jan 2020

Paths From Spiritual Support To College Self-Efficacy, Mollie Dianne Kaye Carter

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

College students undergo identity development in emerging adulthood, including adjustments in relationships, exploration of occupations, and revisions of spiritual worldviews (Arnett, 2000). Using a modified portion of Lents (2004) normative model of life satisfaction, this study sought to construct a moderated mediation path to assess the role spiritual models play in college students developing traits of spirituality, mindfulness, forgiveness, and hope, and the associations these traits had with college self-efficacy. Additionally, this study proposed perspective-taking as a moderator of the association between environmental support from spiritual models and spirituality, mindfulness, forgiveness, and hope, such that college students high in perspective-taking …

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A Contrastive Corpus Analysis On The Use Of Connectors In Students Writing From 10 Asian Countries As Compared To Native Experts: Research From The Icnale (The International Corpus Network Of Asian Learners Of English), Hyun Soon Cho Min Jan 2020

A Contrastive Corpus Analysis On The Use Of Connectors In Students Writing From 10 Asian Countries As Compared To Native Experts: Research From The Icnale (The International Corpus Network Of Asian Learners Of English), Hyun Soon Cho Min

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

My dissertation focuses on the connector use in the writings of the Asian students from 10 different countries in comparison with that of the English native speakers. Specifically, I examine how the Asian students use the connectors similarly or differently compared to English speakers in terms of frequency and choice, depending on their respective countries and English proficiency levels. The research questions addressed in this study are these: Is there a similarity in the use of connectors between the writing of college students in 10 Asian countries and native speakers (NS) of English, in terms of frequency and choice of …

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A Comparison Of Conducting Effectiveness, Instrumentalists Performances, And The Underlying Biomechanics Of A Conductor While Performing Exaggerated And Understated Variations Of Staccato And Legato Gestures, Jonathan Herbert Schallert Jan 2020

A Comparison Of Conducting Effectiveness, Instrumentalists Performances, And The Underlying Biomechanics Of A Conductor While Performing Exaggerated And Understated Variations Of Staccato And Legato Gestures, Jonathan Herbert Schallert

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

The purposes of this study were to compare the biomechanical characteristics, musicians performances, and ratings of perceived conducting effectiveness of exaggerated and understated staccato and legato conducting gestures using motion capture data, clarinet and saxophone audio recordings, and a researcher created conducting effectiveness scale. Participants included one professional conductor, clarinet and saxophone players (n = 11), and university level large ensemble instrumentalists (n = 41) and vocalists (n = 34) from one large urban university in the Mid-South region of the United States. Results revealed that staccato gestures had higher vertical ranges of motion than horizontal, while legato gestures had …

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A Transcendental Phenomenological Study On Persistence In Online Mindfulness Programs, Sheila Seiler Jan 2020

A Transcendental Phenomenological Study On Persistence In Online Mindfulness Programs, Sheila Seiler

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

The purpose of this research is to uncover the essence of the lived experiences of nontraditional learners who persist in online mindfulness programs. While there are quantitative studies and meta-analyses of what makes online mindfulness programs effective, there has not been an investigation and analysis of the experiences participants have in the programs that result in their persistence. Therefore, this transcendental phenomenological study examined the factors that encourage people to persevere and remain in online mindfulness programs. Ten nontraditional learners were recruited through convenience and snowball sampling, then purposeful sampling. Data were collected using a survey, open-ended interviews with participants, …

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