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2020

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Auditory Electrophysiological Assessments Of Alzheimer's Disease And Preclinical Stages: Protocol For A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Hadeel Y. Tarawneh, Wilhelmina H.A.M. Mulders, Hamid R. Sohrabi, Ralph N. Martins, Dona M.P. Jayakody Jul 2020

Auditory Electrophysiological Assessments Of Alzheimer's Disease And Preclinical Stages: Protocol For A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Hadeel Y. Tarawneh, Wilhelmina H.A.M. Mulders, Hamid R. Sohrabi, Ralph N. Martins, Dona M.P. Jayakody

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. Introduction Investigating auditory functions in populations at risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) using auditory neurophysiological measurements can potentially identify a crucial and sensitive diagnostic window of opportunity in preclinical AD. Auditory electrophysiological assessments have gained interest as possible tools for early diagnosis of AD. This paper outlines the protocol that will be used to systematically review the published literature currently available on auditory electrophysiological assessments that have been used to assess the auditory functions of adults over the …


Game Manuals: A Genre Analysis, Geoffrey Kincaid Townsley Jul 2020

Game Manuals: A Genre Analysis, Geoffrey Kincaid Townsley

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis analyzes the elements of printed game manuals so their genre can be seen for its historical value and connection to contemporary game documentation in its many forms. Six manuals are analyzed for their genre elements: contextual, structural, stylistic, and semantic. Each manual was selected based on its related game's popularity for that decade. The analysis found that the genre had a heavy focus on both instruction and immersion. The results of the thesis can be used to refine research on other types of game documentation, because several types either evolved from or replaced the video game manual. The …


Designing Brain-Computer Interfaces For Sonic Expression, S Venkatesh, E Braund, Er Miranda Jul 2020

Designing Brain-Computer Interfaces For Sonic Expression, S Venkatesh, E Braund, Er Miranda

School of Art, Design and Architecture

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are beneficial for patients who are suffering from motor disabilities because it offers them a way of creative expression, which improves mental well-being. BCIs aim to establish a direct communication medium between the brain and the computer. Therefore, unlike conventional musical interfaces, it does not require muscular power. This paper explores the potential of building sound synthesisers with BCIs that are based on steady-state visually evoked potential (SSVEP). It investigates novel ways to enable patients with motor disabilities to express themselves. It presents a new concept called sonic expression, that is to express oneself purely by the …


From Tangled Banks To Toxic Bunnies; A Reflection On The Issues Involved In Developing An Ecosystem Approach For Environmental Radiation Protection, Carmel E. Mothersill, Deborah H. Oughton, Paul N. Schofield, Michael Abend, Christelle Adam-Guillermin, Kentaro Ariyoshi, Nicholas A. Beresford, Andrea Bonisoli-Alquati, Jason Cohen, Yuri Dubrova, Stanislav A. Geras’Kin, Tanya Helena Hevrøy, Kathryn A. Higley, Nele Horemans, Awadhesh N. Jha, Lawrence A. Kapustka, Juliann G. Kiang, Balázs G. Madas, Gibin Powathil, Elena I. Sarapultseva, Colin B. Seymour, Nguyen T.K. Vo, Michael D. Wood Jul 2020

From Tangled Banks To Toxic Bunnies; A Reflection On The Issues Involved In Developing An Ecosystem Approach For Environmental Radiation Protection, Carmel E. Mothersill, Deborah H. Oughton, Paul N. Schofield, Michael Abend, Christelle Adam-Guillermin, Kentaro Ariyoshi, Nicholas A. Beresford, Andrea Bonisoli-Alquati, Jason Cohen, Yuri Dubrova, Stanislav A. Geras’Kin, Tanya Helena Hevrøy, Kathryn A. Higley, Nele Horemans, Awadhesh N. Jha, Lawrence A. Kapustka, Juliann G. Kiang, Balázs G. Madas, Gibin Powathil, Elena I. Sarapultseva, Colin B. Seymour, Nguyen T.K. Vo, Michael D. Wood

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.


Interventions To Reduce Contaminated Aerosols Produced During Dental Procedures For Preventing Infectious Diseases, Nagraj S Kumbargere, Prashanti Eachempati, Martha Paisi, Mona Nasser, Gowri Sivaramakrishnan, Jos H. Verbeek Jul 2020

Interventions To Reduce Contaminated Aerosols Produced During Dental Procedures For Preventing Infectious Diseases, Nagraj S Kumbargere, Prashanti Eachempati, Martha Paisi, Mona Nasser, Gowri Sivaramakrishnan, Jos H. Verbeek

Peninsula Dental School

No abstract provided.


A Courting Behavioral Study On A Hyacinth Macaw (Anodorhynchus Hyacinthinus) Pair, Pamela Mulkay Jul 2020

A Courting Behavioral Study On A Hyacinth Macaw (Anodorhynchus Hyacinthinus) Pair, Pamela Mulkay

The Pegasus Review: UCF Undergraduate Research Journal

This study observes the courtship behaviors of an Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus pair in the Central Florida Zoo and Botanical Gardens in Sanford, Florida. A. hyacinthinus reproductive behaviors occur in four steps in the following order: Allopreening, Cloacal allopreening, Back to Back Copulation Position and finally, Copulation (Schneider 2006). Behavioral observations were taken twice a week for an average of 2 to 3 hours each day for ten weeks. The resulting data was analyzed based on the different actions, types of movement, and types of maintenance observed of the A. hyacinthinus pair. Percentages and averages were then calculated for actions relevant to …


Walmart's Opioid Stewardship Initiative Rhetorically Constructed As An Act Of Corporate Social Responsibility, Rachel Kaplan Jul 2020

Walmart's Opioid Stewardship Initiative Rhetorically Constructed As An Act Of Corporate Social Responsibility, Rachel Kaplan

Speaker & Gavel

Walmart is the largest publicly owned retailer in the world (Fishman, 2008). Walmart operates in a contested rhetorical environment because of an aggressive pricing strategy, low-paying wages, and discrimination claims made by women. This paper argues Walmart created several Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programs to help improve corporate image and reputation. CSR encourages companies to consider a triple bottom line: people, the environment and profit. Consumers who practice socially responsible consumption choose to support companies they perceive give back to the community, participate in CSR initiatives to help people, and incorporate sustainable practices into the lifecycle of their products. This …


An Optimality Analysis Of Syllable-Based Processes In The Speech Of Normal Algerian Arabic-Speaking Children, Samia Azieb, Radwan Salem Mahadin Jul 2020

An Optimality Analysis Of Syllable-Based Processes In The Speech Of Normal Algerian Arabic-Speaking Children, Samia Azieb, Radwan Salem Mahadin

Jordanian Educational Journal

The present study aims at identifying the most frequent syllable-based processes in the speech of 80 normally developing Algerian children who are acquiring Jijilian Spoken Arabic (JSA) natively, and accounting for that within an Optimality Theory (OT) framework. The children's ages ranged between 1;2 (year;month) and 5 years and they were divided into four age groups of ten month intervals. Importantly, this study attempts to determine whether those processes are language-universal or language-specific. A thorough analysis of the data at the researchers' disposal revealed that Reduplication, Weak and Unstressed syllable deletion, Cluster Simplification, Vowel Epenthesis, and Final Consonant Deletion are …


The Effect Of An Educational Handcraft Program Based On Historical Approach On Aesthetic Awareness Among The Eighth Grade Female Students In The Sultanate Of Oman, سميرة بنت خميس بن موسى اليعقوبية, منعم عبدالكريم السعايده Jul 2020

The Effect Of An Educational Handcraft Program Based On Historical Approach On Aesthetic Awareness Among The Eighth Grade Female Students In The Sultanate Of Oman, سميرة بنت خميس بن موسى اليعقوبية, منعم عبدالكريم السعايده

Jordanian Educational Journal

This study aims to investigate the effect of an educational handcraft program based on historical approach on aesthetic awareness among the eighth grade female students in the Sultanate of Oman. To achieve the study purpose the researchers built an educational handcraft program based on historical approach guide to teach the 4th unit “Plain Weave Made by our Hand”. Besides, the researchers built aesthetic awareness scale for eighth grade female students in the Sultanate of Oman. The designed program was adopted on female students in 8th grade from Arwa school in Muscat in the Sultanate of Oman through the second semester …


The Impact Of The Integration Of The Learning Cycle Strategy (5es) And The Conceptual Change Of Stepans In The Acquisition Of The Concepts Of Life Sciences Among Students Of 11th Scientific Stream Students In Light Of Their Motivation Towards Science, وفاء مشاعلة, سليمان القادري Jul 2020

The Impact Of The Integration Of The Learning Cycle Strategy (5es) And The Conceptual Change Of Stepans In The Acquisition Of The Concepts Of Life Sciences Among Students Of 11th Scientific Stream Students In Light Of Their Motivation Towards Science, وفاء مشاعلة, سليمان القادري

Jordanian Educational Journal

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the integration between learning cycle strategy and Stepans conceptual change strategy on the acquisition of biological science concepts among first secondary female student in light of their motivation toward science. The study followed the quasi experimental design, two instruments were developed, a biological scientific concepts test and questionnaire to classify students according to their motivation toward science (low, high), their validity and reliability were verified. The Sample which was selected purposely consisted of (57) students who were studying at a public school in Jordan, was divided randomly into (2) groups: a control …


Digital Commons Report For Fiscal Years 2017-18 Through 2019-20, Andy Prock Jul 2020

Digital Commons Report For Fiscal Years 2017-18 Through 2019-20, Andy Prock

Library Publications and Presentations

This report studies the growth of Ursinus College's institutional repository over a three year period. It includes readership statistics, growth activity and a collections analysis. It also discusses opportunities for the repository to support the curriculum and mission of Ursinus College.


Living With Machines. Ethical Implications And Imaginative Agency As Local Tactics Of Dwelling And Resistance In Everyday Interactions With Artificial Intelligence, Ester Toribio-Roura Jul 2020

Living With Machines. Ethical Implications And Imaginative Agency As Local Tactics Of Dwelling And Resistance In Everyday Interactions With Artificial Intelligence, Ester Toribio-Roura

Articles

With the widespread of the Internet of things (IoT), algorithms are increasingly managing our everyday life. From navigating our way in cities to keeping track of our health, artificial intelligence has been beneficial to us in many ways. However, its algorithms can also be detrimental as a consequence of biased human programming. The result is that while technological progress delivers more and more human-like artificial intelligence, humans become dehumanised and therefore, disempowered in their everyday interactions with artificial intelligence.The solution(s) is not single-handed and calls for combined interventions at the macro and micro levels. Whilst reviewing recent top-down developments on …


Orda Weekly Update, 2020.07.20, Office Of Research And Development Administration Jul 2020

Orda Weekly Update, 2020.07.20, Office Of Research And Development Administration

ORDA Weekly Update

No abstract provided.


Los Textiles Mayas Contemporáneos De Yucatán (México) En El Espejo De La Iconografía Precolombina, Danielle Dupiech Cavaleri Jul 2020

Los Textiles Mayas Contemporáneos De Yucatán (México) En El Espejo De La Iconografía Precolombina, Danielle Dupiech Cavaleri

Congreso internacional sobre iconografía precolombina, Barcelona, 2019. Actas.

La investigación llevada con unas veinte bordadoras de 50 a 105 años de edad en los pueblos de Maní, Xaya, Xócen y Xohuayan ha permitido rescatar la información contenida en los dechados que las mujeres conservan preciosamente. Los datos recopilados que fueron analizados, comparándolos con elementos encontrados en los informes publicados sobre excavaciones arqueológicas; con la iconografía presente en la cerámica prehispánica; con los motivos de los atavíos de los personajes que aparecen en las estelas, los bajos relieves, las estatuas de barro y las pinturas murales; con los pictogramas encontrados en los códices Mayas; con los mitos y leyendas …


Hysteria, Perversion, And Paranoia In The Canterbury Tales: "Wild" Analysis And The Symptomatic Storyteller, Becky Renee Mclaughlin Jul 2020

Hysteria, Perversion, And Paranoia In The Canterbury Tales: "Wild" Analysis And The Symptomatic Storyteller, Becky Renee Mclaughlin

Research in Medieval and Early Modern Culture

Beginning with the spectacle of hysteria, moving through the perversions of fetishism, masochism, and sadism, and ending with paranoia and psychosis, this book explores the ways that conflicts with the Oedipal law erupt on the body and in language in Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales, for Chaucer’s tales are rife with issues of mastery and control that emerge as conflicts not only between authority and experience but also between power and knowledge, word and flesh, rule books and reason, man and woman, same and other—conflicts that erupt in a macabre sprawl of broken bones, dismembered bodies, cut throats, and decapitations. Like …


All Creatures Great And Annoying, Jerry Zezima Jul 2020

All Creatures Great And Annoying, Jerry Zezima

Erma Bombeck Writers' Workshop Blog

As a longtime practitioner of animal husbandry, which makes me a husband who has had a lot of animals, I love all of God's creatures, except certain creepy insects and other lower life forms, some of whom I have voted for.


Choosing The Purr-Fect Candidate, Allia Zobel Nolan Jul 2020

Choosing The Purr-Fect Candidate, Allia Zobel Nolan

Erma Bombeck Writers' Workshop Blog

When it comes to legislators, TV and social media try to influence us. And of course, there's fake news. Still, if we are dead serious about making an informed decision, there is really only one reliable source, an authority who has been around since the advent of dirt - that four-legged know-it-all: the cat.


Unh Scientists Find Faster Way To Count Animal Sperm Using Dna, Robbin Ray Jul 2020

Unh Scientists Find Faster Way To Count Animal Sperm Using Dna, Robbin Ray

Media Relations

No abstract provided.


Ecological Protection And High-Quality Development In The Yellow River Basin: Framework, Path, And Countermeasure, Xu Yong, Wang Chuansheng Jul 2020

Ecological Protection And High-Quality Development In The Yellow River Basin: Framework, Path, And Countermeasure, Xu Yong, Wang Chuansheng

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

This paper summarizes the characteristics of natural ecological conditions, the current situation of economic and social development, existing problems and development opportunities of the Yellow River Basin. The overall framework of the national strategy for ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin has been set up according to the three logical progressive links of basement-ecological priority, bearing capacity-development constraint, driving force-internal and external relevancy. It has formed the academic thinking of delimiting ecological, agricultural and urban functional areas through the evaluation of the suitability of human activities for land and space development, evaluating and calculating the resource …


Iconografía En El Paisaje. Vida Cotidiana Y Prácticas Sociales En El Arte Rupestre En El Noreste De México, Luis J. Abejez, Cristina Corona Jamaica Jul 2020

Iconografía En El Paisaje. Vida Cotidiana Y Prácticas Sociales En El Arte Rupestre En El Noreste De México, Luis J. Abejez, Cristina Corona Jamaica

Congreso internacional sobre iconografía precolombina, Barcelona, 2019. Actas.

El noreste de México es una de las áreas más ricas en arte rupestre del país. Durante miles de años, los grupos humanos que habitaron esta región dejaron constancia de su presencia por medio de las pinturas y grabados que realizaron en cuevas, abrigos y rocas. El estudio interdisciplinar de este lenguaje visual puede proporcionar una valiosa información para el conocimiento de esas poblaciones. Entre otros aspectos, permite una aproximación a su pensamiento simbólico, la percepción que tenían del mundo físico y espiritual, y cómo percibieron y utilizaron el territorio en su cotidianidad.

Northeastern Mexico is one of the richest …


Tradiciones Plásticas Y Ontologías: Problemas En Torno Al Estudio De La Iconografía Del Período Medio Del No. Argentino, María Alba Bovisio Jul 2020

Tradiciones Plásticas Y Ontologías: Problemas En Torno Al Estudio De La Iconografía Del Período Medio Del No. Argentino, María Alba Bovisio

Congreso internacional sobre iconografía precolombina, Barcelona, 2019. Actas.

En este trabajo se analizan piezas producidas entre los siglos VII-XI, en el valle de Hualfín (Catamarca, Argentina) con fines cúlticos y ceremoniales, que presentan una iconografía de notable complejidad. Al respecto se propone indagar: el posible significado de las imágenes metafóricas y metonímicas que articulan humanos, felinos, saurios y reptiles, en relación al poder sagrado (lo waka) y, el rol que juega cada “tradición plástica” (escultores, grabadores, pintores) en la materialización, a través de los objetos e imágenes, del orden ontológico y cosmológico vigente en las comunidades del noroeste argentino en época prehispánica.

In this paper are analyzed pieces, …


Fire Suppression Impacts On Fuels And Fire Intensity In The Western U.S.: Insights From Archaeological Luminescence Dating In Northern New Mexico, Christopher I. Roos, Tammy M. Rittenour, Thomas W. Swetnam, Rachel A. Loehman, Kacy L. Hollenback, Matthew J. Liebmann, Dana Drake Rosenstein Jul 2020

Fire Suppression Impacts On Fuels And Fire Intensity In The Western U.S.: Insights From Archaeological Luminescence Dating In Northern New Mexico, Christopher I. Roos, Tammy M. Rittenour, Thomas W. Swetnam, Rachel A. Loehman, Kacy L. Hollenback, Matthew J. Liebmann, Dana Drake Rosenstein

Geosciences Faculty Publications

Here, we show that the last century of fire suppression in the western U.S. has resulted in fire intensities that are unique over more than 900 years of record in ponderosa pine forests (Pinus ponderosa). Specifically, we use the heat-sensitive luminescence signal of archaeological ceramics and tree-ring fire histories to show that a recent fire during mild weather conditions was more intense than anything experienced in centuries of frequent wildfires. We support this with a particularly robust set of optically stimulated luminescence measurements on pottery from an archaeological site in northern New Mexico. The heating effects of an October 2012 …


Domestic Food Waste Reduction System In The U.A.E., Eman Alsuwaidi, Nawar Al Sammarraie, Vilas Vijaykumar, Zaid Nayaz Syed Jul 2020

Domestic Food Waste Reduction System In The U.A.E., Eman Alsuwaidi, Nawar Al Sammarraie, Vilas Vijaykumar, Zaid Nayaz Syed

Theses

The emerging need for a domestic food waste management system in UAE has opened the door for innovations in managing food activities to minimizing waste. At present, there are no specific strategies or solutions effective enough to considerably reduce domestic food waste. This project mainly covers objective, methodology, waste identification tools and techniques, and strategy creation for system improvement. The results obtained from several surveys conducted to study the food habits of the people were used in this project to develop a strategy to reduce food waste. Smart systems are gaining high demand in various fields of the markets as …


Domestic Food Waste Reduction System In The U.A.E., Eman Alsuwaidi, Nawar Al Sammarraie, Vilas Vijaykumar, Zaid Nayaz Syed Jul 2020

Domestic Food Waste Reduction System In The U.A.E., Eman Alsuwaidi, Nawar Al Sammarraie, Vilas Vijaykumar, Zaid Nayaz Syed

Theses

The emerging need for a domestic food waste management system in UAE has opened the door for innovations in managing food activities to minimizing waste. At present, there are no specific strategies or solutions effective enough to considerably reduce domestic food waste. This project mainly covers objective, methodology, waste identification tools and techniques, and strategy creation for system improvement. The results obtained from several surveys conducted to study the food habits of the people were used in this project to develop a strategy to reduce food waste. Smart systems are gaining high demand in various fields of the markets as …


The Relationship Between Mucosal Inflammatory Cells, Specific Symptoms, And Psychological Functioning In Youth With Irritable Bowel Syndrome., Meenal Singh, Vivekanand Singh, Jennifer Verrill Schurman, Jennifer Colombo, Craig A. Friesen Jul 2020

The Relationship Between Mucosal Inflammatory Cells, Specific Symptoms, And Psychological Functioning In Youth With Irritable Bowel Syndrome., Meenal Singh, Vivekanand Singh, Jennifer Verrill Schurman, Jennifer Colombo, Craig A. Friesen

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Both mucosal inflammation and psychologic dysfunction have been implicated in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). While some relationships between inflammation (mast cells and eosinophils) and depression have been reported in adults with IBS, relationships between inflammation and psychologic function have not been studied in children and adolescents. The aims of the current study were to: (1) assess densities of colonic mast cells, eosinophils, and TH17 cells in youth with IBS; and, (2) explore relationships between these cells and specific IBS symptoms and psychologic functioning. Utilizing previously obtained biopsies from the descending and rectosigmoid colons, densities were determined for mast cells, eosinophils, …


Philosophy 21: Moral Problems - Oer Course Syllabus, Lou Matz Jul 2020

Philosophy 21: Moral Problems - Oer Course Syllabus, Lou Matz

Pacific Open Texts

Course Syllabus for an OER / Open Access version of PHIL 21: Moral Problems at University of the Pacific during Summer 2020.


Archeota, Spring/Summer 2020, Kelli Roisman, Alyssa Key, Erin Estrup, Danielle Dantema, Terry Schiavone, Angela Moor, Dakota Greenwich, Marissa Friedman Jul 2020

Archeota, Spring/Summer 2020, Kelli Roisman, Alyssa Key, Erin Estrup, Danielle Dantema, Terry Schiavone, Angela Moor, Dakota Greenwich, Marissa Friedman

Archeota

Archeota is a platform for SJSU iSchool students to contribute to the archival conversation. It is written BY students, FOR students. It provides substantive content on archival concerns and issues, and promotes career development in the field of archival studies. Archeota upholds the core values of the archival profession. It is a semiannual publication of the Student Chapter of the Society of American Archivists at the San Jose State University School of Information.


#Goingtothefair: A Social Media Listening Analysis Of Agricultural Fairs, Julie A. Mahoney, Nicole Olynk Widmar, Courtney Bir Jul 2020

#Goingtothefair: A Social Media Listening Analysis Of Agricultural Fairs, Julie A. Mahoney, Nicole Olynk Widmar, Courtney Bir

Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty Publications

Agricultural fairs provide one of the last frontiers, and largest stages, for showcasing livestock agriculture to the public. However, public funding, attendance revenue, animal biosecurity, and public health concerns are all aspects worthy of conversation and increased research attention given the interaction between livestock animals and the general public in fair and festival settings. A prominent social media listening and data analytics platform was used to quantify online and social media chatter concerning agricultural fairs during a 27-mo period. A general search for online media referencing agricultural fair keywords was designed; social and online media mentions of agricultural fairs ( …


Preterm Intraventricular Hemorrhage In Vitro: Modeling The Cytopathology Of The Ventricular Zone, Leandro Castaneyra-Ruiz, James P Mcallister, Diego M Morales, Steven L Brody, Albert M Isaacs, David D Limbrick Jul 2020

Preterm Intraventricular Hemorrhage In Vitro: Modeling The Cytopathology Of The Ventricular Zone, Leandro Castaneyra-Ruiz, James P Mcallister, Diego M Morales, Steven L Brody, Albert M Isaacs, David D Limbrick

Open Access Publications

BACKGROUND: Severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is one of the most devastating neurological complications in preterm infants, with the majority suffering long-term neurological morbidity and up to 50% developing post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH). Despite the importance of this disease, its cytopathological mechanisms are not well known. An in vitro model of IVH is required to investigate the effects of blood and its components on the developing ventricular zone (VZ) and its stem cell niche. To address this need, we developed a protocol from our accepted in vitro model to mimic the cytopathological conditions of IVH in the preterm infant.

METHODS: Maturing neuroepithelial …


Connotation Of High-Quality Development In Relative Poverty Areas Of China And Implementation Strategy, Zhou Kan, Sheng Kerong, Fan Jie, Liu Hanchu, Wu Jianxiong Jul 2020

Connotation Of High-Quality Development In Relative Poverty Areas Of China And Implementation Strategy, Zhou Kan, Sheng Kerong, Fan Jie, Liu Hanchu, Wu Jianxiong

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Poverty is a major challenge faced by human development, especially the global problem that has plagued developing countries, including China, for a long time. As rural absolute poverty population and poverty-stricken counties will achieve poverty alleviation in 2020, China's anti-poverty focus in the new era will begin to shift from targeted poverty alleviation in absolute poverty areas to high-quality development through comprehensive measures in relative poverty areas. Based on an initially constructed conceptual model of high-quality development in relative poverty areas, this article analyzed the internal and external constraints from the sustainability of individual and regional scales, and further proposed …