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Environmental Impacts On Reproductive Responses Of Pacific Walruses (Odobenus Rosmarus Divergens) And Subsistence Users Of St. Lawrence Island, Jenell T. Larsen Tempel

Fisheries

An interdisciplinary approach is used in understanding change and resiliency in St. Lawrence Island (SLI) resources and resource users throughout this dissertation. Historically SLI inhabitants have relied on the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) for their survival and this resource is still highly valued for cultural and dietary purposes. The responses of Pacific walruses and SLI subsistence users to environmental change was analyzed. In walruses, reproductive capacity was analyzed using an anatomical approach as well as reproductive plasticity which was determined using a physiological approach to characterize their estrus cycle. A suite of anatomical measurements were developed to characterize reproductive …

Long-Term Shifts In Community Structure, Growth, And Relative Abundance Of Nearshore Arctic Fishes: A Response To Changing Environmental Conditions, Justin T. Priest

Fisheries

Environmental conditions influence the presence, species composition, abundance, and growth of fish species in the nearshore Arctic ecosystem. With ongoing shifts in Arctic conditions due to climate change, how fish communities and individual species respond to such changes to environmental variability more broadly is unknown. This study analyzed catch and length data from a long-term fish monitoring project near Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, 2001-2018, to quantify the effects of environmental variables on the overall fish community and on the juveniles of two important whitefishes, Arctic Cisco Coregonus autumnalis and Broad Whitefish Coregonus nasus. Abundance data (n = 1.78 million fish) from …

Trophic Structure Of Rocky Intertidal Communities In Contrasting High-Latitude Environments, Danielle Siegert

Marine Biology

Coastal ecosystems in high latitudes are increasingly impacted by glacial melt and river discharge due to climate change. One way to understand ecosystem responses to these stressors is assessing trophic relationships. The goal of this study was to better understand how hydrographic conditions influence trophic structure in high-latitude rocky intertidal systems. I compared the trophic structure of rocky intertidal assemblages in two regions in the northern Gulf of Alaska that comprise the same regional species pool but are hydrographically distinct, one glacially influenced and one primarily marine influenced. Common macroalgal and invertebrate taxa, as well as particulate organic matter (POM) …

Abundance, Composition And Distribution Of Predatory Gelatinous Zooplankton In The Northern Gulf Of Alaska, Heidi M. Mendoza Islas

Oceanography

Jellyfish are conspicuous yet under-studied components of marine zooplankton communities. Abundance, biomass, size, and distribution of large-jellyfish were measured during July and September of 2018 and 2019 as part of the Northern Gulf of Alaska Long-Term Ecological Research (NGA-LTER) cruises. Nearly 1000 kg dispersed among ~13,800 jellies were collected using a 5 m² Methot net. Catches were dominated by two macro-jellies, the hydrozoan Aequorea sp. and the scyphozoan Chrysaora sp. During 2018, epipelagic macro-jellies biomass averaged 1.46 ± 0.36 g WW m⁻³ for July and 1.14 ± 0.23 g WW m⁻³ for September, while during 2019 they averaged 0.86 ± …

Growth And Reproductive Rates Of Calanoid Copepods In The Northern Bering And Southern Chukchi Seas, Alexandra Poje

Oceanography

Egg production and copepodite growth rates were measured for the calanoid copepods Pseudocalanus spp., Calanus marshallae/glacialis, and Metridia pacifica in the northern Bering and southern Chukchi Seas during June of 2017 and 2018. For all taxa, instantaneous growth rates generally decreased with increasing copepodite stage, though the differences between most stages was not significant. The growth rates for Pseudocalanus spp. averaged 0.03 ± 0.002 day⁻¹, Calanus spp. 0.09 ± 0.004 day⁻¹, and M. pacifica 0.05 ± 0.03 day⁻¹. Egg production rates increased with prosome length for all species, but when standardized to body weight this trend reversed. All Pseudocalanus species …

Seasonal Variation In Nutritional Biomarkers And Fecal Cortisol Concentrations In A Northern Population Of Snowshoe Hares, Claire Kornet Montgomerie

Biological Sciences

Blood biomarkers indicative of nutritional status, fecal cortisol metabolite concentrations and an established body condition index (BCI), were collectively examined from snowshoe hares(Lepus americanus) inhabiting northern Alaska in 2018, during five ecologically significant times of year. As a novel approach to increase our understanding of the effects of diet and predation pressure on hare physiology, I addressed how these markers were associated with seasonal timing of energetic demands and adult survival rates. Mean decreases in concentrations of total protein (TP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), hematocrit (HCT) and glucose during spring and autumn, suggest that snowshoe hare nutritional status decreased during …

Novel Material For Advanced Tissue Regeneration, Karrer Mahdi Kadum Alghazali

Theses and Dissertations

Nerve tissue damage or failure can occur for various reasons, including infection, disease, aging, and trauma. The tissue microenvironment (extracellular matrix-ECM) plays a key role in regulating the self-renewal and recovery of damaged tissue. ECM-cell interactions govern cell migration and physiology, with biochemical and biophysical boundaries being the main factors that control ECM-cell interaction. Optimizing these boundaries for the recovering tissue will create a healthy microenvironment to support and enhance the recovery rate (1, 2). We have developed a novel, multidimensional nanocomposite system that incorporates gold nanorods (AuNRs) (aspect ratio of around 3) as an artificial ECM for cell adhesion, …

Repurposed Agents In The Alzheimer's Disease Drug Development Pipeline, Justin Bauzon, Garam Lee, Jeffrey Cummings

School of Medicine Faculty Research

Background: Treatments are needed to address the growing prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Clinical trials have failed to produce any AD drugs for Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval since 2003, and the pharmaceutical development process is both time-consuming and costly. Drug repurposing provides an opportunity to accelerate this process by investigating the AD-related effects of agents approved for other indications. These drugs have known safety profiles, pharmacokinetic characterization, formulations, doses, and manufacturing processes. Methods: We assessed repurposed AD therapies represented in Phase I, Phase II, and Phase III of the current AD pipeline as registered on ClinicalTrials.gov as of …

Impacts Of Climate Change On Juvenile Broad Whitefish Coregonus Nasus In Arctic Alaska: Bioenergetics Model Development And Application, Duncan G. Green

Fisheries

Anthropogenic climate change is contributing to rising temperatures worldwide, yet the increase is particularly rapid in the Arctic. Despite their position on the front of global temperature warming, the responses of Arctic ecosystems and the individual species within them are poorly understood. Broad whitefish Coregonus nasus in the Alaska nearshore Beaufort Sea not only inhabit a rapidly changing ecosystem, but are also a key component of subsistence harvest in the region and a relatively understudied fish. I parameterized and corroborated a bioenergetics model through species-specific physiological investigation and laboratory rearing trials, and used the resulting model to simulate potential responses …

Sea Otters In Southeast Alaska: Subsistence Harvest And Ecological Effects In Seagrass Communities, Wendel W. Raymond

Fisheries

The recovery of sea otters (Enhydra lutris) to Southeast Alaska is a conservation success story, but their increasing population raises questions about sea otter population dynamics and the ecological role of this top-level predator. In Chapter 1, we addressed these questions by investigating patterns and population effects of subsistence sea otter harvest. Subsistence harvest reduced populations at a small scale, with potential to slow or stop population growth, but across Southeast Alaska the population continues to grow, even with an average 3% subsistence harvest rate. In Chapters 2 and 3 we investigated the ecological role of sea otters in seagrass …

Climate Change, Moose, And Subsistence Harvest In Arctic Alaska, Jiake Zhou

Biological Sciences

Arctic climate is resulting in transformative changes to Arctic social-ecological systems. With warming-induced increases in tall-shrubs, moose are expanding their range northwards. However, the socio-economic implications of this ecological change are unclear. Using field surveys, interviews, and modeling, I assessed the impact of climate change on moose harvest by hunters of Nuiqsut, an Inupiat community in arctic Alaska. Based on a 568 km transect of field sampling on shrubs and herbivore browsing levels, I estimated that the minimum shrub height for moose occurrence was ≥ 81 cm (95% CI: 65 - 96 cm). Patterns of moose geographic distribution mirrored tall-shrub …

Assessing Options For Remediation Of Contaminated Mine Site Drainage Entering The River Teign, Southwest England, Abigail Jordan, Rachel Hill, Adrienne Turner, Tyrone Roberts, Sean Comber

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

The river Teign in Devon has come under scrutiny for failing to meet environmental quality standards for ecotoxic metals due to past mining operations. A disused mine known as Bridford Barytes mine, has been found to contribute a significant source of Zn, Cd and Pb to the river. Recently, studies have been focused on the remediation of such mine sites using low-cost treatment methods to help reduce metal loads to the river downstream. This paper explores the metal removal efficiency of red mud, a waste product from the aluminium industry, which has proven to be an attractive low-cost treatment method …

Shan Xiang Zheng V. Sanchez

All Decisions

No abstract provided.

Stylization Rendering Algorithm Based On Interactive Graph Cuts Method For Image Segmentation, Zhao Yang, Guowu Yuan, Dangen Xie, Xu Dan

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The image is cut into two parts, the object and background, using the Graph Cuts interactive image segmentation algorithm. Through interactive image segmentation, user segmented image into a foreground region and a background region. For background area, a variety of non-photorealistic rendering algorithm was designed, which could render the original image into artistic images with other cartoon painting, pencil drawing or painting style. For foreground region, the algorithm maintained its feathers unchanged. By merging foreground and background areas, the artistic images were obtained with variety styles. Experiments show that the algorithm designed can get the desired result for processing …

Improving The Sustainability And Mitigating Environmental Impacts Of Grazed Grassland, H. J. Di, K. C. Cameron

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Supporting Science Learning For English Language Learners, Judith Morrison, Yuliya Ardasheva, Sarah Newcomer, Lindsay Lightner, Gisela Ernst-Slavit, Kira Carbonneau

Journal of Educational Research and Practice

This study focused on two fourth-grade science classrooms with English learners (ELs), exploring how teachers supported students’ science and language/literacy learning in different language contexts. Three a priori research-based practices recommended for supporting science learning framed our exploration: (a) negotiation, opportunities for individual and social construction and critique of knowledge; (b) embedded language, opportunities for language and literacy learning as a natural aspect of science; and (c) non-threatening learning environments, opportunities for social apprenticeship and interaction. We provide insights into how science instructional practices supported ELs’ science and language learning. One key implication is that enacting these three principles of …

Measles, Movements And Medical Exemptions: How California Learned To Lead The Way, Joseph Bishop

Madison Historical Review

In 2000, the United States celebrated the elimination of measles. Yet within twenty years, measles epidemics had sprung up throughout the country. This article examines the factors responsible for measles’ return to the United States and argues for a state policy that effectively reduces potential outbreaks. The growing anti-vaccination movement and vaccine misinformation largely account for the increase in vaccine hesitancy, leading to measles epidemics. California’s Senate Bill 277, a school-entry vaccination policy, demonstrates how withholding religious and philosophical exemptions increased vaccination rates in unprotected communities. By decreasing vaccine hesitancy with effective vaccine exemption policies, the United States can be …

Effect Of Host-Plant Species On The Survival, Adult Longevity And Fertility Of Predatory Bug, Macrolophus Caliginosus Wagner [Hemiptera: Miridae, عبد الجليل حمدان

Hebron University Research Journal-A (Natural Sciences) - (مجلة جامعة الخليل للبحوث- أ (العلوم الطبيعيه

Two laboratory experiments were carried out under controlled conditions. First expperiment was to study the development and survival of nymphs of Macrolophus caliginnosus Wagner, when offered clean leaf-discs of tobacco, eggplant, tomato, pepper or Pelargonium peltatium only. The second experiment was to study the adult longevity and fertility of M. caliginosus offered greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (GHWF), on different host-plant. Although newly hatched M. caliginosus nymphs did not survive on plant sap alone, adults could live and even produce offspring. However, when M. caliginosus offered these plants as oviposition sites and fed on T. vaporariorum infestation, the intrinsic rate …

Effect Of Different Arthropod Prey Species On The Biology Of The Predatory Bug, Macrolophus Caliginosus Wagner [Hemiptera: Miridae], عبد الجليل حمدان

Hebron University Research Journal-A (Natural Sciences) - (مجلة جامعة الخليل للبحوث- أ (العلوم الطبيعيه

Laboratory experiment were done to examine the effect of different arthropod prey on the biology of predatory bug, Macrolophus caliginosus Wagner at 25 o C, 75% r.h. and 16:8 L:D photoperiod. The food eaten by M. caliginosus clearly had a major impact on most parameters of its life cycle. When either greenhouse whiteflies, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood); eggs of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, or potato peach aphid, Myzus persicae Sulzer were offered as preys, during development M. caliginosus had high survival percentage (80%, 79% and 64% respectively) and developed more quickly with duration of development of (17.4, 15.6 and 15.7 days respectively) …

Memantine Treatment Reduces The Incidence Of Flaccid Paralysis In A Zika Virus Mouse Model Of Temporary Paralysis With Similarities To Guillain-Barré Syndrome, Venkatraman Siddharthan, Hong Wang, Alexandre Lr De Oliveria, Xin Dai, John D. Morrey

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Clinical evidence suggests that Zika virus contributes to Guillain-Barré syndrome that causes temporary paralysis. We utilized a recently described Zika virus mouse model of temporary flaccid paralysis to address the hypothesis that treatment with an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, memantine, can reduce the incidence of paralysis. Aged interferon alpha/beta-receptor knockout mice were used because of their sublethal susceptibility to Zika virus infection. Fifteen to twenty-five percent of mice infected with a Puerto Rico strain of Zika virus develop acute flaccid paralysis beginning at days 8–9 and peaked at days 10–12. Mice recover from paralysis within a week of onset. In …

Tracing The Human-Avian Relationship In Iceland, Melanie Sua

Theses and Dissertations

An in-depth investigation explores the history of birds in Iceland and the interaction between birds and humans from the 9th through the 19th century, with the help of archaeological evidence, traditional and historical materials.

A Simple Technique For Intraoperative Scalp Skin Graft Depilation Using Dermabond®, Jude L Opoku-Agyeman, Kayla Humenansky, Brooke Burkey

Plastic Surgery Resident Research

Skin grafting is an essential aspect of burn and wound reconstruction. Split-thickness skin grafts (STSGs) harvested from the scalp are used for wound and burn reconstruction. Skin grafts from the scalp bear hair and hair particles. Residual hair fragments and pieces of hair in the graft have been associated with many complications, including foreign body reaction similar to pseudofolliculitis and chronic inflammation that can lead to infections. It is important to remove the hair and the hair particles from the scalp graft before its application to the donor site. Traditionally, surgeons have employed some techniques including saline agitation and mechanical …

Limitations On Inferring Shark Vulnerability From Spatial Habitat Protection. Response To Shark Conservation Hindered By Lack Of Habitat Protection, Matias Braccini, Stephen J. Newman

Fisheries Research Articles

Birkmanis et al. (2020a) used occurrence data obtained from commercial fisheries to infer the suitable habitat for eight shark species within the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of Australia, and quantify the amount of suitable habitat contained within existing no-fishing Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). The authors state that shark conservation is hindered because suitable habitat is mostly unprotected from commercial fishing, therefore increasing the vulnerability of the assessed species. In doing so, the authors imply that shark conservation depends predominantly on establishing MPAs in highly suitable habitats; this, unfortunately, would disregard the broad range of other measures available in the fisheries …

Circus In Motion: A Multimodal Exergame Supporting Vestibular Therapy For Children With Autism, Oscar Peña, Franceli L. Cibrian, Monica Tentori

Engineering Faculty Articles and Research

Exergames are serious games that involve physical exertion and are thought of as a form of exercise by using novel input models. Exergames are promising in improving the vestibular differences of children with autism but often lack of adaptation mechanisms that adjust the difficulty level of the exergame. In this paper, we present the design and development of Circus in Motion, a multimodal exergame supporting children with autism with the practice of non-locomotor movements. We describe how the data from a 3D depth camera enables the tracking of non-locomotor movements allowing children to naturally interact with the exergame . A …

Effect Of Nitrogen Fertilisation And Cutting Frequency On The Yield And Regrowth Of Panicum Maximum Jacq In West Cameroon, E. Tedonkeng Pamo, B. Boukila, C. N. Meduke, F. Tendonkeng

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

New Faculty, 2020-2021, University Of Mississippi. Provost.

New Faculty

No abstract provided.

T Lymphocyte Responses To Flaviviruses — Diverse Cell Populations Affect Tendency Toward Protection And Disease, Luis Alberto Sanchez Vargas, Anuja Mathew, Alan L. Rothman

Cell and Molecular Biology Faculty Publications

Dengue virus (DENV), Yellow Fever virus, West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus and Zika virus are medically important flaviviruses transmitted to humans by mosquitoes and circulate in overlapping geographic areas. Cross-reactive immune responses have been demonstrated among the flaviviruses, particularly the four DENV serotypes. The immunological imprint left by a flavivirus infection can therefore have profound effects on the responses to subsequent infections. In this review we summarize recent research focusing on T cell responses to DENV using clinical samples from prospective cohort studies in Asia. These data suggest that durability of different T cell populations after …

New Treatment Options For Concussions Using Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy, Crystal Amundson

Theses and Graduate Projects

Background: Millions of Americans experience concussions every year. With new attention from the media looking into the long-term sequela of concussions, more research and studies are initiated to find an effective treatment. Concussions happen after an impact to the head or body that causes a pathologic disruption in normal brain function. Symptoms most commonly associated with the trauma are headaches, emotional distress, vestibular disturbances and sensitivity to light. Historically, treatment has been physical and cognitive rest.

Methods: A systematic search of PubMed was performed to identify articles pertaining to the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in concussions and traumatic brain …

The Great Flood: An Exploration Of Fluid Resuscitation In Sepsis, Adam Olsson

Theses and Graduate Projects

Sepsis and septic shock continue to be major causes of in-hospital mortality. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared sepsis as a global health top priority as of 2017. To combat sepsis mortality, the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) released the first set of guidelines in 2004 and continues to publish treatment guidelines, updating the guidelines every four years based on emerging evidence. The 2018 update to the 2016 guidelines contains an Hour-1 Bundle released by the SSC, which includes a rapid infusion of a 30 ml/kg fluid bolus as a strong recommendation with low quality evidence. Recently, studies have challenged this …

Conditions For Change: Implementing Principal Talent Management Policies And Practices In Three Districts, Evangeline Chiang

Teaching and Learning Theses and Dissertations

This mixed methods case study examines how central office leaders in three school districts implemented policy and practice changes to more effectively recruit, support, and retain school principals. By examining interview, focus group, survey, and artifact data from three districts actively working to implement and improve principal talent management practices and policies, this study sought to identify what conditions best explained variation and progress on implementation. Using Honig’s (2006) implementation framework that examines how policy, people, and places situate implementation effectiveness, I sought to understand how policy reform information flows among people, particularly between the central office staff and school …