Digital Commons Network^™

Variation In Both Host Defense And Prior Herbivory Can Alter Plant-Vector-Virus Interactions, Xiaobin Shi, Evan L. Preisser, Baiming Liu, Huipeng Pan, Min Xiang, Wen Xie, Shaoli Wang, Qingjun Wu, Chuanyou Li, Yong Liu, Xuguo Zhou, Youjun Zhang

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Background:

While virus-vector-host interactions have been a major focus of both basic and applied ecological research, little is known about how different levels of plant defense interact with prior herbivory to affect these relationships. We used genetically-modified strains of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) varying in the jasmonic acid (JA) plant defense pathways to explore how plant defense and prior herbivory affects a plant virus (tomato yellow leaf curl virus, ‘TYLCV’), its vector (the whitefly Bemisia tabaci MED), and the host.

Results:

Virus-free MED preferred low-JA over high-JA plants and had lower fitness on high-JA plants. Viruliferous MED preferred …

Analysis Of The Tcr Repertoire In Hiv-Exposed But Uninfected Infants, Benjamin Gabriel, Carey Medin, Jeremiah Alves, Ruth Nduati, Rose Kerubo Bosire, Dalton Wamalwa, Carey Farquhar, Grace John-Steward, Barbara L. Lohman-Payne

Cell and Molecular Biology Faculty Publications

Maternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been shown to leave profound and lasting impacts on the HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) infant, including increased mortality and morbidity, immunological changes, and developmental delays compared to their HIV-unexposed (HU) counterparts. Exposure to HIV or antiretroviral therapy may influence immune development, which could increase morbidity and mortality. However, a direct link between the increased mortality and morbidity and the infant’s immune system has not been identified. To provide a global picture of the neonatal T cell repertoire in HEU versus HU infants, the diversity of the T cell receptor beta chain (TRB) expressed in …

Valuation Of The External Costs Of Unconventional Oil And Gas Development: The Critical Importance Of Mineral Rights Ownership, Andrew Boslett, Todd Guilfoos, Corey Lang

Environmental and Natural Resource Economics Faculty Publications

We quantify the externalities associated with unconventional oil and gas development using hedonic valuation. One complication in determining local impacts is that some but not all properties are unified with mineral rights, which enable the residents to financially benefit from drilling, and this information is typically unobserved by researchers. To overcome this issue, we exploit the mineral severance legacy of the homestead act extensions of the twentieth century to identify properties in western Colorado that do not have mineral rights and are therefore only impacted negatively by drilling. We find housing prices decline about 35% when drilling occurs within 1 …

Interpreting The Law Of The Sea ‘Regime Of Islands’: An Opportunity For Productive Us Leadership, Elizabeth Mendenhall

Marine Affairs Faculty Publications

This commentary describes an opportunity for clarification of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) ‘regime of islands.’ It describes the growing need to authoritatively distinguish between islands, rocks, and artificial islands for the purpose of stabilizing claims to maritime territory. Sea level rise and island building activities in the South China Sea and elsewhere are increasing the pace at which new islands appear and existing islands disappear. This commentary proposes a two-part interpretation of UNCLOS, which (1) freezes the status of islands and rocks, and (2) asserts a practical distinction between ‘islands’ and ‘artificial islands.’ …

Institutional And Conceptual Barriers To Climate Change Adaptation For Coastal Cultural Heritage, Alanna Casey, Austin Becker

Marine Affairs Faculty Publications

Climate change is increasing the speed at which tangible coastal cultural heritage is changing in character or being lost through weathering, erosion, and inundation. Damages to coastal archeological sites, loss of access to historical sites, and the alteration of cultural landscapes will force changes in the way researchers can study sites, tourists can enjoy places, and descendant communities who have lived in particular areas for time immemorial, and local community members can utilize and relate to landscapes. In the USA, the National Park Service is a primary coastal cultural resource management organization. The National Park Service has been working on …

Social Learning And Communication With Threshold Uncertainty, Todd Guilfoos, Haoran Miao, Simona Trandafir, Emi Uchida

Environmental and Natural Resource Economics Faculty Publications

Using a threshold public bad game, we perform an experiment to test the effects of communication on coordination failure with various levels of threshold uncertainty. We apply two communication treatments to the coordination game: cheap talk between group members (unrestricted) and anonymous written communication from one generation of subjects to another (restricted). We find that the probability of groups coordinating and reaching the socially preferred equilibrium increases significantly with cheap talk and increases moderately with written communication. Repeated communication through cheap talk leads to a higher probability of achieving a set of payoff-dominant equilibria even in the face of threshold …

Assessing Consumer Preferences For Sustainability, Equity, And Welfare In The Aquarium Trade, Larynn Cutshaw

Open Access Master's Theses

Each year millions of fish and invertebrates are traded to support the home aquaria industry. Aquarium keeping is a popular hobby worldwide and the trade has the potential to provide socio-economic benefits to reef-adjacent communities while promoting environmental stewardship by consumers. However, current practices are negatively impacting the industry as the supply chain can be environmentally unsustainable and socially unequitable. Poor industry practices compromise the welfare of the organisms, leading to immense supply chain losses which exacerbate the sustainability and equity issues. Since the trade is demand-driven, consumers can play a role in addressing poor industry practices by using their …

The Burden Of Invisibility: A Case Study Of The Fisheries Crisis In Ghana, And Usaid/Ghana Sustainable Fisheries Management Project’S Gender Mainstreaming Strategy, Danielle Bilecki

Open Access Master's Theses

The Sustainable Fisheries Management Project’s primary goal is to create a more sustainable artisanal fishery in Ghana, in order to increase food security within the nation. One of SFMP’s strategies within this fisheries-based project was to implement a gender mainstreaming strategy in order to empower previously overlooked women stakeholders. This chapter will present the results of a study on the impacts of SFMP’s gender mainstreaming strategy on members of Ghana’s artisanal fisheries sector.

This study focuses on impacts primarily associated with fishers, fish processors, members of client and partner organizations, as well as the organizations themselves, and on the Ministry …

A Comparative Assessment Of Geostatistical, Machine Learning, And Hybrid Approaches For Mapping Topsoil Organic Carbon Content, Lin Chen, Chunying Ren, Lin Li, Yeqiao Wang, Bai Zhang, Zongming Wang, Linfeng Li

Natural Resources Science Faculty Publications

Accurate digital soil mapping (DSM) of soil organic carbon (SOC) is still a challenging subject because of its spatial variability and dependency. This study is aimed at comparing six typical methods in three types of DSM techniques for SOC mapping in an area surrounding Changchun in Northeast China. The methods include ordinary kriging (OK) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) from geostatistics, support vector machines for regression (SVR) and artificial neural networks (ANN) from machine learning, and geographically weighted regression kriging (GWRK) and artificial neural networks kriging (ANNK) from hybrid approaches. The hybrid approaches, in particular, integrated the GWR from geostatistics …

Improving Spatial Predictions Of Animal Resource Selection To Guide Conservation Decision Making, Brian Gerber, Joseph M. Northrup

Natural Resources Science Faculty Publications

Resource selection is often studied by ecologists interested in the environmental drivers of animal space use and movement. These studies commonly produce spatial predictions, which are of considerable utility to resource managers making habitat and population management decisions. It is thus paramount that predictions from resource selection studies are accurate. We evaluated model building and fitting strategies for optimizing resource selection function predictions in a use‐availability framework. We did so by simulating low‐ and high‐intensity spatial sampling data that respectively predicted study area and movement‐based resource selection. We compared one of the most commonly used forms of statistical regularization, Akaike's …

Mechanisms Of Division Site Selection And Role Of The Atp-Dependent Protease Clpxp In Mind Regulation And Proteostasis In E. Coli, Christopher James Labreck

Open Access Dissertations

Cell division in Escherichia coli depends on mechanisms to spatially and temporally regulate selection of the division site. In dividing cells, the Z-ring, composed of linear polymers of FtsZ, assembles at the site of septation. For division to yield two identical progeny, the septum must form at the longitudinal cell center, also known as midcell. Septation at locations other than midcell results in uneven division and gives rise to daughter cells with chromosome abnormalities and functional defects, which may arise from chromosome severing or impaired chromosome segregation. Therefore, an organism's overall viability necessitates cellular strategies that ensure correct placement of …

Perihelion Club Of Rock Hill Records - Accession 72, Book Club Of Rock Hill, Perihelion

Manuscript Collection

The Perihelion Club of Rock Hill Records consist of minutes, financial statements, membership lists, yearbooks, correspondence and news clippings, concerning the literary activities of the club. The Perihelion Club of Rock Hill was organized in 1898 as a book club. It was federated with the South Carolina Federation of Women's Clubs in 1898 and with the General Federation of Women's Clubs in 1929.

Confederate Veterans Association Catawba Camp No. 278 Records - Accession 579, American Civil War, Confederate Veterans, Catawba Camp (Cva) No. 278

Manuscript Collection

This collection consists of photocopies of records related to the Confederate Veterans Association Catawba Camp No. 278. The majority of the records consist of minutes, but also includes membership lists, newspaper clippings, and resolutions. Also included in the collection are Catawba Camp flag and two ribbons. The Catawba Camp was organized in 1893 and was based in Rock Hill, SC with Colonel Cadwallader Jones as the Commander.

Polyxpress+: Using Social Networking To Enhance The User Experience Of An Interactive Location-Based Storytelling Application, Desiree Creel

Master's Theses

There’s no denying the ever increasing presence of social networking in our daily lives. Every day, people share what they are thinking, doing, and experiencing. But even more so, they check their favorite networks to see what the people in their lives are sharing. Social networking has become so prevalent that most applications incorporate it since it keeps users engaged and beckons them back to the application again and again.

PolyXpress is an interactive, location-based storytelling mobile application that functions as a platform for creating and experiencing stories. Written as a research project at California Polytechnic State University, it allows …

Assessing Endothelial Dysfunction Estimating The Differences Between 3 Minute And 5 Minute Reactive Hyperemia, Tamiko K. Saldin

Master's Theses

The purpose of this study was to define a lower standard cuff occlusion time to induce reactive hyperemia in assessing endothelial dysfunction. In this study, strong evidence was found by a novel technique that used oscillometric methods, which supported that 3 minute reactive hyperemia was sufficient to elicit a significant difference in arterial compliance from baseline. Twenty healthy Cal Poly students were assessed, (n=12 female, n=8 male) aged 22 years old with a standard deviation of 2.04 years. Arterial compliance was estimated by measuring the peak-to-peak oscillations for baseline, 3 minute reactive hyperemia, and 5 minute reactive hyperemia tests, with …

The Effects Of Casinos On Unemployment: A County Level Analysis, Sally Anne St. Clair Kron

Honors Program Theses

The gambling industry in the United States has experienced significant growth over the past thirty years. As the industry continues to expand, legislators must consider the pros and cons that accompany the industry expansion. This paper examines if the social and economic benefits from the casino industry outweigh the social and economic costs of gambling with a specific focus on the effects on unemployment. The gaming industry creates tax revenue, employment, and entertainment for the community. But it also has a regressive tax structure and creates problems like pathological gambling. This paper analyzes this tradeoff and uses Ordinary Least Squares …

Foreign-Born Workers' Effect On Agricultural Industry In Iowa, Hannah Mcdevitt

Honors Program Theses

It is no secret that Iowa’s reputation relies heavily on farms. Several years ago, a woman from California actually asked me if I ride my tractor to school. I wish I could tell you that was just a fun hook to get you interested in my paper, but it happened. Farming is a part of Iowa’s culture and an essential piece of the state’s economy. Iowa is one of the main pork, corn, and soybean producers in the United States, and its farming roots extend deep into the state’s rich soil.

Miller Family Bibles - Accession 1686, Miller Family, Walkup Family, Cathcart Family, William Joseph Miller

Manuscript Collection

The Miller Family Bibles consists of three family bibles which contain genealogical entries, photographs, newspaper clippings and obituaries, and other memorabilia. The genealogical entries consists of birth dates, death dates, marriage dates, and a couple narrative entries related to family history. The family history records relate mostly related to the Miller Family but also includes entries for other allied families: Walkup; Roddey; Williams; Black; Lindsay; Wylie; Cathcart; Spencer; Davis;

Black Family Bibles - Accession 1687, Black Family, Mcfadden Family, Alexander Murray Black

Manuscript Collection

The Black Family Bibles consists of two bibles belonging to the Black Family and extended family of Rock Hill, SC. The Black Family Bibles contain genealogical entries that range from 1798-1909 and mainly relate to the Black Family and McFadden Family. Many items were found in the bibles that were removed including several Confederate Veteran ribbons, newspaper articles and clippings (including obituaries), church programs, correspondence, cards, locks of hair, drawings, and cross-stitch.

The bibles belonged to Lieutenant Alexander Murray Black (1837-1915) who served in Company H, 12^th regiment, South Carolina Volunteers for the Confederate Army during the American Civil …

Work-Related Outcomes And Organizational Commitment, Mushaun Miller

Honors Program Theses

The modern workplace encompasses a multi-generational and diverse workforce. Now more than ever, workplaces include those of various ages, backgrounds, races, and more. It is important for an organization to manage the differences among its employees in order to influence personal and organizational outcomes. After all, work-related personal outcomes allow the employee to evaluate the organization and find his/her place within it- which influences commitment to an organization. Organizational commitment is a crucial goal due to its ability to reduce various dysfunctional behaviors such as absenteeism or turnover. High organizational commitment also leads to various positive outcomes including stronger customer …

Private Law Statutory Interpretation, Shyamkrishna Balganesh

Faculty Scholarship

While scholars routinely question the normative significance of the distinction between public law and private law, few – if any – question its conceptual basis. Put in simple terms, private law refers to bodies of legal doctrine that govern the horizontal interaction between actors, be they individuals, corporate entities, or on occasion the state acting in its private capacity. Public law on the other hand refers to doctrinal areas that deal with vertical interaction between the state and non-state actors, wherein the state exerts a direct and overbearing influence on the shape and course of the law. The latter is …

Price And Prejudice: An Empirical Test Of Financial Incentives, Altruism, And Racial Bias, Kristen Underhill

Faculty Scholarship

Many argue that paying people for good behavior can crowd out beneficial motivations like altruism. But little is known about how financial incentives interact with harmful motivations like racial bias. Two randomized vignette studies test how financial incentives affect bias. The first experiment varies the race of a hypothetical patient in need of a kidney transplant (black or white), an incentive ($18,500 or none), and addition of a message appealing to altruism. Incentives encouraged donation but introduced a significant bias favoring white patients. The second experiment assesses willingness to donate to a patient (black or white) without an incentive and …

Techniques For Regulating Military Force, Monica Hakimi

Faculty Scholarship

This chapter draws on the five chapters that follow—each of which describes the war powers in a single country — to identify and analyze some of the techniques for regulating this area of foreign affairs and then to reflect on the value of comparative research on it. Three basic techniques are: (1) to establish substantive standards on when the government may or may not use force, (2) to divide among different branches of government the authority to deploy the country’s armed forces, and (3) to subject such decisions to oversight or review. There is considerable variation, both across countries and …

Patently Uncertain, Daniel R. Cahoy

Northwestern Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property

Innovation is an inherently uncertain process. Success is typically coupled with risk and we can only hope that those with great ideas will persevere. To encourage innovation, society reduces some of the innovation risk through structures like funding systems, regulation, and of course intellectual property rights. But what happens when uncertainty strikes the legal protection devices themselves? Faced with unclear rules and increasingly speculative rewards, some innovators may simply stop playing the game.

Such uncertainty has recently been a topic of great concern in the U.S. patent system. Some believe that the suddenly unknowable nature of fundamental questions like what …

Claiming Admissions Data Trade Secrets— Taking Advantage Of Statutory Ambiguity?, Pallavi Mathur

Northwestern Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property

The release of documents in recent legal battles between elite collegiate institutions and the Students for Fair Admissions, a nonprofit group seeking to eradicate the consideration of race in university admissions, has brought to question measures taken by the universities to shield information relating to their admissions processes from public view. These materials included admissions training materials, procedures for evaluating applications, and admitted applicant profiles and statistics. An examination of the universities’ justifications to prevent public disclosure of this information provides insight into their varying reliance on intellectual property protections derived for trade secrets. These varying justifications help illustrate the …

The Itc Is Here To Stay: A Defense Of The International Trade Commission’S Role In Patent Law, Linda Sun

Northwestern Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property

The International Trade Commission (ITC) is a quasi-judicial federal agency that is responsible for investigating unfair trade practices. Although the ITC is widely believed to be an expert court in patent law, it is often criticized for its role in the field. This Note advances a novel analysis of the overlooked contributions of the ITC to the development and enforcement of patent law. By exploring the background of the ITC, the procedural advantages it offers, and the ways it substantively enriches patent law doctrine, this Note concludes that the ITC is an important player in patent law.

Sculpture, Industrial Design, Architecture, And The Right To Control Uses Of Publicly Displayed Works, Richard Chused

Northwestern Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property

This article explores the anomalous ways in which copyright owners may control use of works they publicly display. Treatment of rights associated with publicly displayed sculpture and architecture are dramatically different. The copyright statute deprives owners of copyrights in constructed buildings of the ability to police the ways in which imagery or other uses of the publicly visible structure may be exploited by others. This article focuses on three related but different settings involving the public display of (1) a work of graffiti, (2) a large-scale sculpture, and (3) a building with sculptural features. Through an analysis of the differences …

"A Global Environmental Movement That Protects Us All:" Racial Scripts, Counterscripts, And Advocating For Social Change In An Environmental Justice Context, Christopher Scott Thomas

Iowa Journal of Communication

This essay explores the means of advocacy in a letter sent by the Southwest Organizing Project (SWOP) in 1990 that charges mainstream environmentalists with environmental racism. Although the letter is known for its importance in shaping the relationship between environmentalism and environmental justice, engaging the document's collaborative rhetorics illuminates the means by which its signatories crafted resistance and solidarity. To these ends, I argue that the letter crafts links between its signatories based on corresponding structural forces and common concerns. The letter also constructs and advances counter advocacies that work simultaneously as critiques of mainstream environmentalists as well as calls …

The Twenty-Fifth Amendment: Its Crafting And Drafting Process, John D. Feerick

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Economic Democracy And Enterprise Form In Finance, William H. Simon

Faculty Scholarship

This article considers the relative advantages of alternative enterprise forms in finance from the point of view of public accountability. The business corporation is compared to the state agency or authority, the cooperative, the state corporation, and the charitable nonprofit. These forms can be distinguished according to whether they aspire to enhance general electoral democracy or stakeholder democracy and whether their democratic controls operate directly or indirectly. The article suggests that the indirect democratic forms may be more promising than the direct ones. It also argues that the project of democratizing finance depends on the development of practices of multifactor …