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The Prairie Naturalist, Vol. 51, Issue 2, December 2019

The Prairie Naturalist

45 EDITOR’S NOTE: Final Thoughts as Editor-in-Chief, by Christopher N. Jacques

RESEARCH ARTICLES

47 Bats of the Loess Hills Ecoregion of Southeast Nebraska, by Virgil Brack, Jr., Dale W. Sparks, and Darwin C. Brack

58 Serological Survey and Pathogen Exposure of Adult Female White-tailed Deer in the Western Dakotas, by Katherine L. Moratz, Bailey S. Gullikson, Eric S. Michel, Daniel M. Grove, Jonathan A. Jenks, and William F. Jensen

68 Factors Limting Reintroduced Plains Topminnow, Fundulus sciadicus, Populations in Central Great Plains Streams, by Joseph D. Thiessen, Keith D. Koupal, and Casey W. Schoenebeck

NOTES

77 Recent Observations of Water …

Human Rights And Justice Rights Approaches To Gender-Based Violence (Gbv): The Case Of Kenya’S Sexual Offenses Act (Ksoa), Maryanne W. Kamunya

Graduate Masters Theses

Sexual violence produces detrimental and long-lasting physical and psychological trauma that deters a victim’s ability to fully participate in the economic, political and social development of their community and nation-state (Legal Action Worldwide, 2014). To fight this crime, the UNDP has developed an International Sexual Violence Protocol. This Protocol recommends consolidation of sexual violence legislation into one document called the Sexual Offense Act. These laws tend to use a justice through rights approach to effectively criminalize and prosecute sexual violence within a comprehensive human rights-based model. By using a justice over human rights-based approach; Kenya’s Sexual Offense Act (KSOA) deviated …

Accessory To War: The Unspoken Alliance Between Astrophysics And The Military, By Neil Degrasse Tyson And Avis Lang, Jeremy J. Grunert

Journal of Space Law

No abstract provided.

Exploring The Legal Challenges If Future On-Orbit Servicing Missions And Proximity Operations, Anne-Sophie Martin, Steven Freeland

Journal of Space Law

No abstract provided.

Where No War Has Gone Before: Outer Space And The Adequacy Of The Current Law Of Armed Conflict, Gemmo Bautista Fernandez

Journal of Space Law

No abstract provided.

Entrepreneurship As Boundary Object: Toward Reintegration Of Colombia’S Ex-Militants Into Civil Society, Andres Barrios Fajardo, Clifford J. Shultz, Juan Carlos Montes Joya

School of Business: Faculty Publications and Other Works

War and other violent conflicts greatly degrade a country’s economic, social, and marketing systems. In the aftermath of conflict, national and international organizations develop different strategies, such as business development, aimed at the reconstruction of these systems. This article draws on boundary theory to frame the way in which entrepreneurship can help ex-militants to discard war-activities and to reintegrate peacefully and productively into a peace-time economy. An interpretive study examining the life-narratives of former militants of illegal groups involved in Colombia’s armed conflict – the world’s longest, lasting 52 years – regarding their business start-ups was designed and administered. Findings …

Deep Fakes: A Looming Challenge For Privacy, Democracy, And National Security, Robert Chesney, Danielle K. Citron

Faculty Scholarship

Harmful lies are nothing new. But the ability to distort reality has taken an exponential leap forward with “deep fake” technology. This capability makes it possible to create audio and video of real people saying and doing things they never said or did. Machine learning techniques are escalating the technology’s sophistication, making deep fakes ever more realistic and increasingly resistant to detection. Deep-fake technology has characteristics that enable rapid and widespread diffusion, putting it into the hands of both sophisticated and unsophisticated actors. While deep-fake technology will bring with it certain benefits, it also will introduce many harms. The marketplace …

The President And Nuclear Weapons: Authorities, Limits, And Process, Mary B. Derosa, Ashley Nicolas

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

There is no more consequential decision for a president than ordering a nuclear strike. In the Cold War, the threat of sudden nuclear annihilation necessitated procedures emphasizing speed and efficiency and placing sole decision-making authority in the president’s hands. In today’s changed threat environment, the legal authorities and process a U.S. president would confront when making this grave decision merit reexamination. This paper serves as a resource in the national discussion about a president’s legal authority and the procedures for ordering a nuclear strike, and whether to update them.

Machine Learning In The State Design Pattern, Timothy Matthew Von Friesen

Theses and Dissertations

As the Internet of Things revolution continues to become more prevalent in humanity's daily routine, securing these devices is paramount. Society has seen a substantial increase in activity in the cyber-warfare battle space, resulting in an increasing amount of security breaches every year. The responsibility of securing our devices can no longer rely solely on cyber-security engineers keeping systems hardened through Security Technical Implementation Guides and vulnerability scans; it must shift towards the developer. Previous research has been done in this area of securing our devices. However, these solutions rely heavily on cloud computing resources to perform computationally expensive algorithms. …

Globalization And The Diffusion Of Military Capabilities, Eddie Stokes

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

I analyze the effects of economic and informational globalization on the diffusion of military capabilities in the 20th and 21st centuries. To test these relationships, I use the KOF Swiss Economic Institute’s data on economic and informational globalization and the Correlates of War data on National Material Capabilities for all states of the international system from 1970 to 2011. Using an Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression of all states with standard errors clustered at the state-level, I find that economic globalization negatively correlates with increases in military capabilities; while informational globalization positively correlates with increases in military capabilities. These findings …

Employees As Regulators: The New Private Ordering In High Technology Companies, Jennifer S. Fan

Utah Law Review

There is mounting public concern over the influence that high technology companies have in our society. In the past, these companies were lauded for their innovations, but now as one scandal after another has plagued them, from being a conduit in influencing elections (think Cambridge Analytica) to the development of weaponized artificial intelligence, to their own moment of reckoning with the #MeToo movement, these same companies are under scrutiny. Leaders in high technology companies created their own sets of norms through private ordering. Their work was largely unfettered by regulators, with the exception of the Securities and Exchange Commission’s oversight …

Vauban In The Wilderness: The Military Revolution And The Seven Years' War In North America, Joseph M. Green

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

For the past thirty years there has been an ongoing debate regarding the nature of the Early Modern European Military Revolution. Much of this debate centers around whether the military and technological changes which are at the heart of the military revolution created the conditions for the bureaucratic systems of the modern nation state, or if those bureaucratic systems made possible the creation of larger, state sponsored armies and navies, as well as when these changes took place. Instead of focusing on what came first, the chicken or the egg, this thesis explores one aspect of the Military Revolution, focusing …

Numerical Simulations Of Comprehensive Hydrodynamic Performance Of Darpa Suboff Submarine, Kenshiro Takahashi

Theses and Dissertations

A numerical study of the DARPA SUBOFF model using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been presented for developing a CFD application procedure to compute the hydrodynamic performance of underwater vehicles, including submarines. Several configurations, such as bare hull, fairwater, sterns, and/or ringwing-appended hulls, were examined for the straight-ahead, steady translation and turning, and self-propelled conditions. A systematic study was conducted to ensure an adequate computational domain expansion and reasonable prism layer mesh properties for solutions independent of the parameters. The hydrodynamic forces exerted on the hull and the appendages were verified and validated in accordance with a published methodology under …

Limahong’S Pirates, Ming Mariners, And Early Sino–Spanish Relations: The Pangasinan Campaign Of 1575 And Global History From Below, J. Travis; Shutz

Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints

In late November 1574, the notorious Limahong and his pirates arrived in the Philippine archipelago. Previous studies have focused on their infamous Manila raid. Cross-examining Ming Chinese and Spanish sources, the present study examines the campaign to capture them in Pangasinan in 1575, which reveals a temporary tripartite Sino–Spanish–Luzonese antipiracy alliance that is occluded in contemporary sources. This study highlights global history based on transregional linkages as embodied by Limahong’s marauding pirates who, as nonstate actors, precipitated state-to-state contact between South China and the Philippine archipelago but whose escape in August 1575 unraveled early Sino–Spanish relations.KEYWORDS: MARITIME PREDATION • SPANISH …

Fantasy, Affect, And Pan-Asianism: Mariano Ponce, The First Philippine Republic’S Foreign Emissary, 1898–1912, Nicole Cuunjieng; Aboitiz

Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints

Thisarticle examines Mariano Ponce’s Asianist thought and his work to promote a Pan-Asianist alliance, actively participating in the overthrow of Western imperialism and the revitalization of Asia. Ponce’s interest in Japan, Asia, and the Malays ran deeper than mere revolutionary and reformist instrument, however, as his lifelong scholarship shows. Thisarticle focuses on the neglected affective and material dimensions of “peripheral” Pan-Asianism in order to make it legible to the Northeast Asian-centric “center” of the discourse and to reframe the broader history of Pan-Asianism to include Southeast Asia and specifically the Philippines.KEYWORDS: PAN-ASIANISM • JAPAN • MARIANO PONCE • PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION …

Militant Struggles And Anti-Imperialism In Resil Mojares’S The Freeman Columns During The Early 1970s, Karlo Mikhail Mongaya

Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints

In the early 1970s, Resil Mojares wrote a newspaper column in the Cebu-based daily The Freeman on what he dubbed the “years of protests.” Through a close reading of surviving copies of Mojares’s columns, thisarticle explores his interest in the militant struggles and anti-imperialist nationalism of the time up until 23 September 1972, when his last column appeared on the very same day he was arrested upon the imposition of martial law. Mojares’s early journalistic writings had nurtured an interest in popular and local histories and cultures and exuded overtly militant articulations, which military rule and postdictatorship developments emasculated.KEYWORDS: RESIL …

The Role Of Riverine Warfare In The Civil War, John F. Dillon

Naval War College Review

The American Civil War saw the introduction of many new concepts to the art of warfare, some of which were widely recognized at the time. The importance of railroads to tactical flexibility and logistics, and the impact of ironclad naval vessels on future warfare have long been noted. An equally significant but somewhat unappreciated development, however, arose from the conflict on the Western rivers of the Confederacy—riverine operations. Born of necessity, circumstance, and the vision of a few men, cooperation between infantry and an odd assortment of improvised river forces gave Union commanders the decisive advantage needed to split the …

Amnesty: An Old Gift In New Wrappings, Jack W. Howay

Naval War College Review

While amnesty advocates can cite numerous instances in history in which amnesty has been granted, in each instance it was more than likely a highly volatile political issue. The current problem is no different, and strong feelings will continue to persist even in the aftermath of the Vietnam war and the post-draft environment. Forgiveness is inherent in the American character, and it seems reasonable to expect that some sort of Presidential or legislative action will be taken. Whether the final result will favor limited amnesty, with violators paying the price, or complete absolution may depend on how soon the issue …

Selected Essays For Strategy Curriculum, Charles C. Pease, Edward A. Thibault, Frederic J. Beaudoin, John J. Kristof

Naval War College Review

• How Adaptive Has the Military Been to Technological Change?
• Thucydides on the Influence of Seapower
• Union Victory: Manpower, Management of Resources, or Generalship?
• The Royal Navy's Defeat of the French at Sea in the Years 1793-1815

March-April 1973 Full Issue, The U.S. Naval War College

Naval War College Review

No abstract provided.

Improving Team-Based Decision Making Using Data Analytics And Informatics: Protocol For A Collaborative Decision Support Design, Don Roosan, Anandi Law, Mazharul Karim, Moom Roosan

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Background: According to the September 2015 Institute of Medicine report, Improving Diagnosis in Health Care, each of us is likely to experience one diagnostic error in our lifetime, often with devastating consequences. Traditionally, diagnostic decision making has been the sole responsibility of an individual clinician. However, diagnosis involves an interaction among interprofessional team members with different training, skills, cultures, knowledge, and backgrounds. Moreover, diagnostic error is prevalent in the interruption-prone environment, such as the emergency department, where the loss of information may hinder a correct diagnosis.

Objective: The overall purpose of this protocol is to improve team-based diagnostic …

Cyber Security: China And Russia's Erosion Of 21st Century United States' Hegemony, Cyril K. Yancey

McNair Scholars Research Journal

With Russia and China emerging as challengers to U.S. hegemony, the use of cyber warfare could tilt the current balance of power in either of their favors. Using various methods, hackers can acquire sensitive information and destroy online infrastructures. In the development of cyber warfare, China has become a seasoned veteran with computer virus operations dating back to 1997¹⁴. Russia has emerged as a cyber aggressor, as seen in Russia’s cyber attacks on several countries in the last decade. This paper argues that, with the growth of foreign cyber technology, the probability of cyberspace being used as a …

The Cold Vacuum Of Arms Control In Outer Space: Can Existing Law Make Some Anti-Satellite Weapons Illegal?, Jeffrey A. Murphy

Cleveland State Law Review

The current space law paradigm came into existence when two major national powers were vying for supremacy after a catastrophic world war. The nuclear age had dawned. The United Nations drafted and ratified the Outer Space Treaty under these conditions with limited foresight to the specific nature of future space activities. As more nations and private actors enter the space arena, the nature of the weapons used in space has changed, and the number of targets and opportunities for collateral damage has greatly increased.

This Note looks at the weapons aimed at space and the laws that try to govern …

Adverse Cyber Operations: Causality, Attribution, Evidence, And Due Diligence, Hans-Georg Dederer, Tassilo Singer

International Law Studies

Adverse cyber operations against States are on the rise, and so are the legal challenges related to such incidents under public international law. This article will not delve into already intensely debated problems of classification, such as whether adverse cyber operations constitute “armed attacks” or “use of force.” Rather, the article will focus on causality and attribution with special regard to problems of evidence. In particular, the article will elaborate on the applicable standards of proof to be met by the victim State when submitting, or having to submit, evidence to justify self-defense or countermeasures against the State of origin. …

A People So Different From Themselves: British Attitudes Towards India And The Power Dynamics Of The East India Company, Eric Gray

Steeplechase: An ORCA Student Journal

Today, many characteristics of the nineteenth- and twentieth-century British Raj are well ingrained in the public consciousness, particularly Victorian Era Britons’ general disdain for numerous aspects of the many cultures found on the Indian Subcontinent. Moreover, while many characteristics of the preceding East India Company’s rule in India were no less exploitative of Indian peoples, evidence shows a much different relationship between British and Indian cultures during the East India Company’s hegemony over India than those of the later Raj. Prior to the nineteenth century, many Britons, both those who traveled to India and those who did not, appeared to …

Rotunda - Vol 98, No. 12 - Nov 25, 2019, Longwood University

Rotunda

No abstract provided.

The Echo: November 22, 2019, Taylor University

2019-2020 (Volume 107)

Taylor outreach efforts honored – ResLife hosts roundtable – IFC hosts first fashion show – Hoosiers host battalion – AEC aids disability awareness – Student founded club challenges mental health stigmas at Taylor – Coffee Shop Series: Monthly Grind – How alumni Jeff Yoder started his dream sports publication – Food for thought: Katie Ito’s theology of food – Students provide DIY snacks, craft ideas for Christmas gifts – fit Friday – Dorm Recipes – Thanksgiving season unites believers in global fellowship – The Weekly Bachelor and Bachelorette – Thanksgiving Crossword -- #TaylorU’s Top Tweets – Gospel choir collects cans …

Full Issue

New England Classical Journal

No abstract provided.

Parameters – Full Issue – Winter 2019, Usawc Parameters

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

FEATURES: "War Colleges: A Debate" articles by Richard D. Hooker Jr. and Richard A. Lacquement Jr. "Afghanistan’s Lessons: Part II" articles by Sten Rynning, Harald Høiback, and Rhys Crawley. "Strategic Lieutenants" articles by Scott A. Silverstone and An Jacobs

Antarctic Deep Sea Coral And Tropical Fungal Endophyte: Novel Chemistry For Drug Discovery, Anne-Claire D. Limon

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Considered the pulse controlling the biological interactions and contributing to the ecological survival of organisms, natural products have intrigued, challenged, and stimulated the scientific and non-scientific minds for millennia. Drug resistance and the lack of suitable potent drugs against neglected tropical diseases further motivate the biological activity assessment of these secondary metabolites, when possible.

This thesis describes the chemical investigation of two marine organisms and the elucidation of eight novel structures.

The study of a deep sea Antarctic coral unveils six novel terpenoid structures from three different molecular classes: sesquiterpenoid alcyopterosins, a triterpene steroid, and three prostaglandins. While mass availability …