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Perspectives Of Teachers And Social Workers On Sexual Exploitation Of Adolescent Students In Tanzania, Budeba Petro Mlyakado

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Sexual exploitation of children and adolescents is a global concern. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of empirical studies in Tanzania that systematically examine stakeholders’ views on this phenomenon. Using qualitative data from eight focus group discussions (FGDs), this study explores perspectives of teachers and social workers on sexual exploitation of adolescent students. The respondents of this study were conveniently selected from six secondary schools and two social welfare departments in Dar es Salaam and Mwanza regions of Tanzania. The study intended to generate insights for relevant policy and practices towards mitigating the plights of sexual exploitation. Results indicate that teachers …

Promoting Teacher Professional Learning In Tanzanian Schools: Lessons From Chinese School-Based Professional Learning Communities, Mjege Kinyota, Patrick Severine Kavenuke, Rehema J. Mwakabenga,

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This paper reports on the history, features, and challenges of School-Based Professional Learning Communities (SBPLCs) in China to elicit lessons for Tanzania towards improving in-service teacher professional development. Based on the Chinese SBPLCs, this review aims to provide some insights to educational planners and teachers in Tanzania on how to establish and maintain effective school-based professional learning. This analysis used 30 journal articles published over the past twelve years (2006-2017) to provide research-based evidence. The findings indicate that Chinese schools have registered significant achievements in SBPLCs by supporting teacher collaborative learning and research in both rural and urban areas. As …

Accounting Choices And Their Determinants In Oil And Gas Activities Of Global Major Companies, Henry Chalu

Business Management Review

One of the two objectives of this study was to determine whether there is significant variation in accounting treatment choice of oil and gas activities of major oil and gas companies, and the second objective was to identify critical factors for accounting choice. To achieve the objectives, the study collected data from 25 major oil and gas companies using a checklist of items (index) which was used to review accounting policies covered by the financial statements of these companies. The data collected was analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics whereby non-parametric tests were used. The study findings show that …

Social And Environmental Reporting Of Oil And Gas Companies In Tanzania: Comparative Study With Gri Guidelines, Ramadhani Salum Kikwiye

Business Management Review

The recent discovery of oil and gas in Tanzania has attracted a number of subsidiary companies whose participation in social and environmental reporting has been questioned by stakeholders. This study aimed to determine the extent to which oil and gas companies have been reporting social and environmental issues in comparison to the Global Reporting Initiatives Guidelines. The online documentary review of annual reports and website of six companies were used and analysed using content analysis. The findings show that social aspects including health and education are disclosed more compared to economic and environmental issues. However, reported items reflect that the …

Factors Influencing Voluntary Sustainability Reporting For Oil And Gas Companies In Tanzania, Emmanuel Christopher, Henry Chalu

Business Management Review

This article examines factors influencing voluntary sustainability reporting for the oil and gas sector in Tanzania. The sector was considered due to its potentiality for economic development. The population of the study was oil and gas companies operating in upstream, midstream, or downstream. Factor analysis was applied to group the factors and obtain variables which were regressed to test their significance in determining voluntary sustainability reporting. The study used non-probabilistic sampling and data was collected through a survey. It was revealed that perceived benefits, NGOs and the media significantly influence voluntary sustainability reporting, while top management support, governmental regulations and …

An Exploratory Study On Corporate Governance Practices Of The Selected Oil And Gas Companies In Tanzania, Siasa Issa Mzenzi, Neema Mori, Alfred Kult

Business Management Review

The main objective of this study was to explore the governance practices of ten oil and gas companies operating in Tanzania. Using content analysis of annual reports of the studied companies, the study sought to particularly examine board structure and composition as well as functioning of the board and audit committees. The findings revealed that given the size and scale of operations, the number of board members in the studied oil and gas companies ranged from six to eleven and most of these board members were foreigners. In terms of gender, most companies had both male and female members in …

Determinants Of Capital Structure Of Oil And Gas Companies In Tanzania, Henry Chalu, Evelyn Richard, Angela H. Ngohelo

Business Management Review

This study examined the determinants of capital structure of oil and gas companies in Tanzania. Based on two theories - Pecking Order and Trade-Off - the study tested tangibility, firm size, growth, profitability and tax shield. To test these variables, secondary data of eight oil and gas firms operating from 2008 to 2014 was used. Using multiple regression analysis, the study found that the effect of the independent variables on leverage differs with the level of operations. When all firms are considered, the size of the firm, profitability, tax effect and growth rate tend to be negatively but insignificantly related …

Editorial Guest: Call For Accounting And Finance Research On The Natural Resources In Africa, Siasa Issa Mzenzi, Neema Mori

Business Management Review

This editorial summarizes eight (8) papers published in this special issue of the Business Manage-ment Review (BMR) journal. The papers presented in this special issue focused on accounting and finance disciplines in the oil and gas sector in Africa. They are mainly motivated by potential con-tribution of oil and gas sector in catalyzing economic development of African countries and limited research on accounting and finance in oil and gas sector in the emerging economies overall. Us-ing different theoretical frameworks, the papers cover a wide range of areas including risk man-agement, internal auditing, accounting choice, capital structure, environmental reporting, envi-ronmental costs, …

Financial Risks Of Fossil Fuels And The Clean Development Mechanisms: Perspective From East Africa, Bernard Baimwera, David Wang'ombe, Ernest Kitindi

Business Management Review

Continued use and investment into fossil fuels pose significant global financial risks to fossil fuel companies and the global economy. With commitment by the international community to the unequivocal target of stopping the earth ' s atmosphere from warming by more than 2 °C, these investments in costly ventures will clash with international climate goals and may never be viable. As the world increasingly limits carbon emissions and moves to alternative energy sources, investments in fossil fuels may take a huge hit. Despite the growth in the fossil financial market in recent decades, energy undertakings could lose value on stock …

Assessment Of Factors That Influence Management Reliance On Internal Audit Function: Evidence From Oil And Gas Companies Operating In Tanzania, Latifa Mbelwa, Munyangabi Lenatusi

Business Management Review

The study investigated factors that influence reliance by senior management over internal audit function in the Tanzanian oil and gas companies. The research applied positivism paradigm, and it involved 17 oil and gas companies operating in Tanzania Mainland. Forty-two (42) questionnaires were returned out of fifty one (51) which had been administered to Chief Executive Officers (15), Chief Finance Officers (10) and Members of Audit Committee (17). Data analysis was performed specifically to identify the modelling and relationships of both dependent variable (reliance of internal audit function) and independent variables (communication, independence, objectivity, competence, work performance). The study found that …

Disclosure Practices Of Environmental Costs: Evidence From Oil And Gas Companies Operating In Tanzania, Ernest Mabonesho, Shaban Ngole

Business Management Review

This article discusses disclosure practices of environmental costs in the oil and gas companies operating in Tanzania so as to determine whether the disclosure reflects what companies are actually doing or claim to have been doing about disclosure of environmental costs. Further, the article identifies the types of environmental costs which are mostly disclosed by the oil and gas companies. Content analysis method was used to obtain data from the annual reports for the year ended 2013. The results revealed that companies use mostly a narrative rather than a numerical approach in disclosing information on environmental costs. Also, the study …

Impacts Of Information And Communication Technology On Libraries In Ghana: A Review, Albert Paa Kojo Ebi Bilson, Evelyn Dedei Markwei (Dr.)

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The purpose of this article was to provide a review of literature on the impacts of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on Libraries in Ghana. Some of the ICT impacts identified were in the area of cataloguing and classification, online public access catalogue, acquisitions, video conferencing, web 2.0 and social media tools, online searching and retrieval, electronic resources, digitization, electronic/digital libraries and institutional repositories, library website, indexing and abstracting, technical services, bibliographic instruction/library instruction, mobile digital library, interlibrary loan and document delivery, information access and video and photo libraries. Our review indicates that despite the tremendous changes brought about by …

Drivers Of Increased Soil Erosion In East Africa’S Agro-Pastoral Systems: Changing Interactions Between The Social, Economic And Natural Domains, Maarten Wynants, Claire Kelly, Kelvin Mtei, Linus Munishi, Aloyce Patrick, Anna Rabinovich, Mona Nasseri, David Gilvear, Neil Roberts, Pascal Boeckx, Geoff Wilson, William H. Blake, Patrick Ndakidemi

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Increased soil erosion is one of the main drivers of land degradation in East Africa’s agricultural and pastoral landscapes. This wicked problem is rooted in historic disruptions to co-adapted agro-pastoral systems. Introduction of agricultural growth policies by centralised governance resulted in temporal and spatial scale mismatches with the complex and dynamic East African environment, which subsequently contributed to soil exhaustion, declining fertility and increased soil erosion. Coercive policies of land use, privatisation, sedentarisation, exclusion and marginalisation led to a gradual erosion of the indigenous social and economic structures. Combined with the inability of the new nation-states to provide many of …

“They Can Speak English, But They Don’T Want To Use It.” Teaching Contents Through English In A Bilingual School And Policy Recommendations, Amirul Mukminin, Siti Rahma Sari, Eddy Haryanto, Akhmad Habibi, Marzul Hidayat, Lenny Marzulina, Nurulanningsih Nurulanningsih, Ikhsan Ikhsan

The Qualitative Report

The growing need for English as a key to global communication, relations, and information, is noticeable in schools around the world. In response to these imperatives of global competitiveness, one of the private bilingual schools in Indonesia has adopted English as a medium of instruction (EMI). The aim of this study was to explore the implementation of English as a language of instruction in a bilingual school in teaching contents in one private bilingual school in Jambi City, Indonesia. The data were collected through demographic profiles, documents, and semi-structured in-depth interviews. The documents were used to find out the comprehensive …

Salient Attributes On The Choice Of An Airline Service Provider: A Case Of Domestic Airlines In Tanzania, Omari Khalifa Mbura

Business Management Review

This paper reports the findings of a study that assessed the attributes influencing customers ' choice of airline on domestic routes. Its 4 predictor variables were service quality, price, image and airline schedules. A structured questionnaire was administered with 120 airline passengers at Julius Nyerere International Airport (JNIA). Quantitative data have been analysed with the help of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 and presented as descriptive statistics. Moreover, the study carried out regression analysis to ascertain the strength of the relationship between the four constructs and the choice of an airline service provider in the domestic …

The Influence Of Network Configurations In Enhancing Smes ' Competitiveness: Evidences From Building Materials Retailers In Tanzania, Remed Kavenuke, Lucy Mboma, Ulingeta O.L. Mbamba

Business Management Review

This paper aimed at investigating the influence of network configurations on the competitiveness of SMEs retailing building materials in Tanzania. The study used quantitative approach where a sample of 314 of SMEs selling building materials in Mbeya, Iringa and Njombe was used in collecting data. Using regression analysis results showed that network configuration is significant in enhancing the competitiveness of SMEs in Tanzania. This implies that network configurations are especially beneficial because they allow firms to access technical or commercial resources that they would otherwise lack. The study recommends that; the government ' s role is to create enabling regulatory …

Financial Reporting And Value Relevance: Empirical Evidence From Indian And Tanzanian Listed Firms, Indiael Daniel Kaaya

Business Management Review

Using data of fifteen firms listed in India (NSE) and Tanzania (DSE) this study examined the impact of applicable reporting standards on value relevance over a period of nine (9) years spanning from 2006 to 2014. Value relevance was measured through explanatory power (R2) of Edward €“Bell - Ohlson model (1995). The study found the accounting figures reported by Tanzanian firms and based on IFRS to be more value relevant and exhibitive of stronger explanatory power on firm ' s share price compared to figures reported by the Indian counterpart (local GAAP). Further, the book value of equity (BVPS) was …

Effects Of Regional Economic Integration On Regional Trade In Africa: The Case Of Regional Economic Communities, Musah Mohammed, Petro Sauti Magai

Business Management Review

A lot of existing literature on African regional integration bloc has ignored the effects of regional economic integration by dealing with disaggregated data. This is forgetting that there is a welfare impact of trade creation versus trade diversion of regional trade in Africa. With this in mind, this article analyses the effects of regional economic integration on regional trade in Africa by concentrating on five regional economic communities. Using panel data and fixed effects estimator, the article employs an augmented Gravity Model. The results show that the creation of the African Union contributed greatly to the intra-regional trade, inter-regional trade, …

The Effect Of Ifmis Adoption On Financial Reporting Quality In Tanzanian Local Governments, Henry Chalu

Business Management Review

This study investigated the influence of Integrated Financial Management System (IFMIS) adoption in financial reporting quality (FRQ) in the Local Government Authorities (LGAs) in Tanzania. The FRQ in this study was addressed using qualitative characteristics (QCs) of accounting information which are understandability, relevance and reliability. This study used theoretical pluralism, whereby three theories and one model were applied, namely, innovation diffusion theory (IDT), technology, organization and environment (TOE), task technology tit (TTF) as well as the DeLone and McLean (D&M) model. Based on a theoretical framework, the study added six control variables: LGA type, LGA size, utilization capacity, IT control …

Account Receivable Management Practices Of Smes In Tanzania: A Qualitative Approach, Evelyn Richard, Benedicto Kabala

Business Management Review

This paper focused on establishing how micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) operating in Tanzania manage debtors. The study used an exploratory approach and was informed by the asymmetric information theory. Saturation point was reached in the fifteenth case. A content analysis was used for the data analysis. The findings show that MSMEs are aware of the importance of managing debtors; they use different means to screen prospective debtors and follow them so that they get paid on time. The same methods are used to monitor and control bad debts. Informal networking, calling debtors, and visiting their residences or workplaces …

The Mediating Role Of Brand Involvement In The Social Media Use-Marketing Communication Effectiveness Relationship: A Case Of Selected Entertainment Smes In Uganda, Andrew Musiine, Lufumbi Mwaipopo

Business Management Review

Brand involvement seems to be meaningful in explaining consumer decisions, despite the limited knowledge regarding the interface between social media use and brand involvement in explaining marketing communication effectiveness. It is highly likely that brand involvement plays a mediational role in the relationship between social media use and marketing communication effectiveness. To establish this, the study examined the mediating effect of brand involvement on the relationship between social media use and marketing communication effectiveness using structural equation modelling. The entertainment industry in Uganda was used as the case study. Two hypotheses were tested using a structural model because the sample …

Management Practices On Occupational Health And Safety In The Tanzanian ' S Small Scale Mining Firms: Does Compliance Cost Matter?, Dominic Nkolimwa, Theresia Dominic, Dev Jani

Business Management Review

This article examines how management practices influence the implementation of occupational health and safety at workplace in Tanzanian ' s small scale mining firms. The paper focuses on the mediating effects of perceived compliance costs. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyze data from 297 small scale mining firms and verify all hypotheses on direct and indirect effect of management practices on the implementation of occupational health and safety at the workplace. Using the ERG theory, the results demonstrate that Safety Training (ST) and Employee Communication (EC) have positive influence on the implementation of organization Safety Support (OSS) and …

The Effect Of Output Monitoring On Supplier Logistics Performance And Flexibility: The Mediating Effects Of Buyer-Supplier Integration In The Context Of Essential Medicines Supply, Gladness Salema

Business Management Review

This paper examines the relationship between output monitoring and supplier performance. It focuses specifically focuses on buyer-supplier exchange relationships in delivering essential medicines in Tanzania, and examines the mediation effects of buyer-supplier integration on supplier ' s flexibility and supplier logistics performance. The resource-based view of the firm was used to frame the relationships by considering output monitoring efforts and the buyer-supplier integration as resources aimed to improve performance. A survey data of 111 public-owned health facilities selected randomly after stratifying them into hospitals, health centres and dispensaries was used for final analysis. Structural equation modelling using Smart PLS3 was …

Tanzania Polytechnic College Classroom Buildings Update 2019, Thomas Fowler, Iv, Kevin Dong

Architecture

The work in this publication is a summary of ongoing work that started in 2014, when architecture and architectural engineering students starting developing the master plan for the proposed Polytechnic University in Same, Tanzania, Africa, working directly with ARUP’s David Lambert and the Mbesese Initiative for Sustainable Development. Since this time we have had 200 plus graduate and undergraduate students who have provided research and design input into the development of this project.

This work in 2019 provides an update to the classroom building designs for the Polytechnic College master plan.The Design Collaboratory is an award winning (NCARB Prize, Auto …

The Validation Of Swahili Version Of The International Prostate Symptom Score Questionnaire, Miten Ramesh Patel

Master of Surgery

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a common condition encountered in men who are 50 years and above, presenting in hospitals for evaluation of lower urinary tract symptoms. The International Prostate Symptom Score is one of the questionnaires used to assess these symptoms. However, this questionnaire has not yet been validated among patients with Benign Prostate Hypertrophy in the Tanzanian setting. Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to assess the validity of the Swahili version of the IPSS questionnaire among patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Methods: We employed a cross-sectional study design in patients that presented at the Aga …

Pick’S Disease And Subdural Haematoma: A Diagnostic Red Herring, Philip Adebayo, Funmilola Taiwo, Fatma Bakshi, Sunham Nur

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD), otherwise known as Pick’s disease, is a clinically heterogeneous group of sporadic and familial neurodegenerative diseases. These conditions are characterized by dementia, behavioural and language dysfunction and loss of executive skills resulting from the degeneration of the frontal and temporal lobes. Although reversible causes of dementia are always sought during the evaluation of patients with progressive cognitive decline, the occurrence of a reversible aetiology may distract from evaluating for neurodegenerative causes of dementia. This report is about a 66-year old man with features of FTD and superimposed chronic subdural haematoma.

Negative Appendectomy Rate And Associated Factors In Urban Referral Hospitals In Tanzania, Masawa Klint Nyamuryekung’E

Master of Medicine in General Surgery

Background: Acute appendicitis is a common surgical emergency. In atypical presentation, making a clinical diagnosis is difficult leading to delays with high perforation rate or misdiagnoses and high negative appendectomy rates. In the urban referral hospitals in Tanzania the baseline perforation rate, negative appendectomy rate, and factors that drive it are unknown. These could serve as measures of performance, and as evaluation parameters of future interventions aimed at improving acute appendicitis case management in Tanzania. Objectives: The aim of this study was to establish the negative appendectomy rate and associated factors among patients undergoing emergency appendectomy for suspected acute appendicitis …

Prevalence And Outcome Of Asymptomatic Cryptococcal Antigenemia In Art Naive And Art Experienced Hiv Patients In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Charles Mandela Makakala

Master of Medicine in Internal Medicine

Introduction: Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a highly fatal disease and contributes to about 20% of all-cause mortality in HIV/AIDS. Sub-Saharan Africa is facing substantial challenges in the treatment of the disease; the focus has been shifted towards prevention of the condition in ART-naive patients with CD4 counts of less than 100 cells/μL. Most studies and interventions have been conducted on ART-naive HIV patients despite there being cases and deaths due to cryptococcal meningitis among ART-experienced patients. Recent studies have shown that although there is an increase in ART coverage among HIV patients, this has not affected the incidence of cryptococcal …

Rubagabaga Village : Empowering Villages Center And Agricultural Training Center, Jenna M. Williams, Julia R. De Hart

Architectural Engineering

By partnering with non-profit organizations such as Journeyman International and Empowering Villages, undergraduate students can engage in senior projects that have far reaching humanitarian impacts. Journeyman International is well known for creating powerful teams of students who tackle design challenges in developing countries. This paper details the work of two architectural engineering students from California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo on a design for the Empowering Villages Center (EVC) and Agricultural Training Facility (ATF) in Rubagabaga Village, Rwanda. The EVC and ATF project was proposed by Empowering Villages, an organization that aims to bring electricity and socioeconomic growth to …

How ‘Hot’ Is Too Hot? Evaluating Acceptable Outdoor Thermal Comfort Ranges In An Equatorial Urban Park, Su Li Heng, Winston T. L. Chow

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Urban green spaces offer vital ecosystem services such as regulating elevated temperatures in cities. Less information exists, however, on how urban green spaces influence outdoor thermal comfort (OTC), which is dependent on people’s perceptions of the complex interactions amongst ambient humidity, wind and both air and radiant temperatures. In this study, we analysed an existing OTC dataset compiled within a large Singapore urban park and calibrated OTC thresholds for physiological equivalent temperatures (PET) by analysing PET against thermal perception survey responses from the park visitors (n = 1508). We examined OTC according to (i) neutral, (ii) acceptable and (iii) preferred …