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2019

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The Intelligence Of Sheep, David Gamez Jan 2019

The Intelligence Of Sheep, David Gamez

Animal Sentience

This commentary suggests how recent theories about the predictive brain could help us understand the evidence put forward by Marino & Merskin for intelligence in sheep. I contrast predictive intelligence in sheep with automatic behaviors that do not require intelligence, and I consider the flexibility of sheep intelligence.


Time To Vary The Formula, Jon Mallatt Jan 2019

Time To Vary The Formula, Jon Mallatt

Animal Sentience

In the past few years, Marino and her colleagues have written a series of comprehensive and helpful review articles on the cognitive, emotional, and social complexity of pigs, chickens, cows, and most recently, sheep. These articles are similarly structured, even formulaic, which has benefits but also limitations. Here, I point out the limitations in order to suggest new directions and contributions for the authors in the future.


The Problem Is Not Discourses Of Production; It Is Production Itself, Sean Hermanson Jan 2019

The Problem Is Not Discourses Of Production; It Is Production Itself, Sean Hermanson

Animal Sentience

The mistreatment of sheep is not because of fables, stereotypes, unconscious cultural paradigms, our collective consciousness, anthropocentricism, human arrogance, or our drive to dominate. Nonetheless, protections for sheep used in research and agriculture ought to be strengthened.


The Importance Of Research Applicability, Krista Mclennan Jan 2019

The Importance Of Research Applicability, Krista Mclennan

Animal Sentience

Marino & Merskin’s (2019) review contains key information about the complexity of sheep and their intelligence level, but lacks practical application. The key to making any long-term changes to sheep welfare at an industry level is by generating research that is practically relevant to the sector. The practical application of research should be considered at the design stage and in consultation with producers. Additionally, thought needs to be given to how the practical application of the research will be transferred to those people directly involved in animal care (e.g., producers, stockpersons, etc.). Focusing on the practical relevance and application of …


Domestication And Cognitive Complexity, David R. Brodbeck, Madeleine I. R. Brodbeck, Keeghan Rosso Jan 2019

Domestication And Cognitive Complexity, David R. Brodbeck, Madeleine I. R. Brodbeck, Keeghan Rosso

Animal Sentience

Marino and Merskin (2019) list a number of tasks that sheep can perform well. As comparative psychologists, we are not surprised by these results. Indeed, many domesticated animal species show similar abilities.


Adding Sheep To The Spectrum Of Comparative Psychology, James King Jan 2019

Adding Sheep To The Spectrum Of Comparative Psychology, James King

Animal Sentience

Marino & Merskin’s comprehensive review of cognitive complexity in sheep is a laudable and important contribution to comparative psychology. It is also valuable because it shows promising directions for future research on this neglected species. The relatively small number of neurons in the bovid cerebral cortex indicates that sheep cognitive performance on traditional measures of complex learning is limited. Nevertheless, the social and emotional complexity of sheep underscores the importance of further research into domains including personality and psychological well-being.


Science, Social Critique, And The Need For Ethics, Peter Woodford, Alecia Carter Jan 2019

Science, Social Critique, And The Need For Ethics, Peter Woodford, Alecia Carter

Animal Sentience

Marino & Merskin’s target article on the cognitive and psychological capacities of sheep commendably aims to use science to critique human practice. However, the article fails to make specific recommendations about how human-sheep relations should change going forward. We also underscore two problematic assumptions highlighted by other commentators: (1) that cognitive complexity is important to the case for the moral status of non-human animals and (2) that the way humans use and treat animals is caused by our conception of animals’ capacities. Scientists should engage more with philosophy and ethical theory to articulate the implications of animal capacities for human …


Our Ambivalent Stereotypes Of Sheep, Veronica Sevillano Jan 2019

Our Ambivalent Stereotypes Of Sheep, Veronica Sevillano

Animal Sentience

Marino & Merskin’s target article contrasts our ambivalent social ideas about sheep with the empirical evidence of their complex capacities, particularly cognitive ones. To extend our understanding of human-sheep relations, I discuss human social perception of animals and structural variables that predict our stereotypes.


Can A Mirror Capture The Self?, Cynthia Willett Jan 2019

Can A Mirror Capture The Self?, Cynthia Willett

Animal Sentience

Is the mirror a reliable indicator of self-awareness for any species, whether sheep or human? Taking a cue from feminist, phenomenological, and cross-cultural philosophy, a relational self rather than a reflective one might better capture what is at stake for the lives of social animals and for science.


A Behaviorist Approach To Sheep Cognition, Intelligence, And Welfare, Lindsay R. Mehrkam Jan 2019

A Behaviorist Approach To Sheep Cognition, Intelligence, And Welfare, Lindsay R. Mehrkam

Animal Sentience

Marino & Merskin’s review sheds light on the complexity of the mind, learning, and cognition of sheep. Readily observable behavior has value in its own right for promoting the well-being of animals. A behavior-analytic approach can add substantially to the understanding of sheep as individuals as well as their learning capacities. The findings can also be applied to arranging their environments to promote their well-being as well as behavioral change in those responsible for their care and management.


Cognitive Dissonance About Sheep Cognition And Consumption, Catia Correia Caeiro Jan 2019

Cognitive Dissonance About Sheep Cognition And Consumption, Catia Correia Caeiro

Animal Sentience

Sheep are perceived as mere resources under the massive demand of the food and wool industry. Evidence that sheep cognition is comparable to that of other species may inspire reflection on sheep consumption. Dogs may be a promising comparison species.


Social Cognition In Sheep: Welfare Implications, Keith M. Kendrick Jan 2019

Social Cognition In Sheep: Welfare Implications, Keith M. Kendrick

Animal Sentience

More research has been carried out on social cognition in sheep than in other farm animal species. Although this has often been featured widely in the media, there is still limited public awareness of it. Marino & Merskin’s review is therefore both important and timely. In my commentary, I focus primarily on what has been established about the complexity of sheep social cognition, at the level of both brain and behavior, and on some of these findings for sheep welfare.


Why Factual Appeals About The Abilities Of Sheep May Fail, Sarah Gradidge, Magdalena Zawisza Jan 2019

Why Factual Appeals About The Abilities Of Sheep May Fail, Sarah Gradidge, Magdalena Zawisza

Animal Sentience

Marino & Merskin (2019) express hope that providing people with positive information about the abilities of sheep (factual appeals) will improve perceptions of them and thus improve their welfare. However, these factual appeals can, and do, fail to change perceptions of animals. This commentary considers why and when factual appeals fail, and with whom they may be effective.


Deepening Our Understanding Of Sheep, Lori Marino, Debra Merskin Jan 2019

Deepening Our Understanding Of Sheep, Lori Marino, Debra Merskin

Animal Sentience

Our Response is centered on five major themes: (1) our presentation of human mythologies about sheep; (2) the relevance of cognitive complexity (“intelligence”) as a dimension underlying the way people perceive and treat sheep; (3) whether our review is too anthropocentric or anthropomorphic; (4) animal welfare versus animal rights (abolitionism); and (5) whether knowledge and education are enough to change human attitudes and behavior.


The Effect Of Surface Treatment On Shear Bond Strength Of Resin-Matrix Ceramics And Dual-Cured Resin Cement, Nuttapong Bunchuansakul Jan 2019

The Effect Of Surface Treatment On Shear Bond Strength Of Resin-Matrix Ceramics And Dual-Cured Resin Cement, Nuttapong Bunchuansakul

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Objective:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Tetrahydrofuran (THF) on shear bond strength (SBS) between resin matrix ceramics (RMC) materials and resin cements.Methods:RMC materials(Enamic,Cerasmart,Shofu block HC) were cut into square piece of approximately 6x6x2 mm3 and randomly divided into 10 groups following the surface treatment:no treatment(C),adhesive agent(Ad),THF1min(T1),silane/adhesive(Si/Ad),THF1min/adhesive(T1/Ad),THF1min/silane/adhesive(T1/Si/Ad),THF2mins/silane/adhesive(T2/Si/Ad),THF3mins/silane/adhesive(T3/Si/Ad),THF4mins/silane/adhesive(T4/Si/Ad),THF5mins/silane/adhesive(T5/Si/Ad).Specimens were cemented to composite resin rod with resin cement and kept them in water at 37oC for 24 hours.The SBS measurements were tested with universal testing machine.Failure modes were examined by stereomicroscope.The SBS values were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s post hoc tests (α = 0.05).Results: The highest …


The Roles And Perceptions Of The Thai Ministry Of Foreign Affairs Through Governmental Politics In The Preah Vihear Temple Dispute, Ornthicha Duangratana Jan 2019

The Roles And Perceptions Of The Thai Ministry Of Foreign Affairs Through Governmental Politics In The Preah Vihear Temple Dispute, Ornthicha Duangratana

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

In the Thai-Cambodian Preah Vihear Temple dispute, the perceptions of the Thai Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) are investigated. Through the employment of role theory, the MFA's national role conceptions (NRCs), since the Cold War period and with concentration on the years from 2008 to 2013, are explicated. The research presents that the organizational characteristics of the ministry conduce the propensity for cooperative NRCs. At the same time, as the agency dealing with foreign affairs, the material and ideational elements in the external environment are important determinants. Nevertheless, at times, the national public opinion and the decline of the MFA's …


Color Stability, Nanohardness And Elastic Modulus Of Denture Base Acrylic Resins With Various Polymerization Techniques, Sawita Losuphakarn Jan 2019

Color Stability, Nanohardness And Elastic Modulus Of Denture Base Acrylic Resins With Various Polymerization Techniques, Sawita Losuphakarn

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The objective of this study was to evaluate color stability, nanohardness and elastic modulus of denture base acrylic resins with various polymerization techniques after storing in coffee, distilled water or dark chamber. Ninety disc-shaped (9X2 mm) specimens of heat-cured (TRX), microwave-cured (BTC) and light-cured (TRD) were fabricated, and randomly divided in three conditions (n=10). The color difference (DE*) was measured using a spectrophotometer at 1, 7, 28 and 56 days; The nanohardness and the elastic modulus were measured from three randomly selected of each group at day 1 and day 56 after color measurement. The repeated mixed analysis of variance …


Service Quality, Patient Satisfaction, And Types Of Medical Insurance Towards The Revisit Intention To Private Hospitals Among Outpatients In South Tangerang City, Indonesia, Fena Amalia Untari Jan 2019

Service Quality, Patient Satisfaction, And Types Of Medical Insurance Towards The Revisit Intention To Private Hospitals Among Outpatients In South Tangerang City, Indonesia, Fena Amalia Untari

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) estimated global health care growth will be higher than 20% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by 2050 which impacts the hospital providers to implement the concept of health for all and to ensure it meets the patient’s expectation. In Indonesia, 1,787 private hospitals are operating and being encouraged to involve in developing hospitals. As it reflects the need of excellent quality healthcare, this study aimed to assess the association between socio-demographic characteristics, service quality, patient satisfaction and types of medical insurance towards the revisit intention to private hospitals among outpatients in South Tangerang …


A Comparison Of Emotion Regulation Strategies’ Effectiveness Under Cognitive Fatigue, Sirinapa Churassamee Jan 2019

A Comparison Of Emotion Regulation Strategies’ Effectiveness Under Cognitive Fatigue, Sirinapa Churassamee

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This research compared the effectiveness of three emotion regulation strategies including reappraisal, distraction, and affect labeling under cognitive fatigue. In the 2 (fatigue vs. non-fatigue) × 3 (emotion regulation strategies) within-subject design, 46 participants were randomly assigned into conditions using an incomplete block design method. Self-report negative emotions and skin conductance responses to emotion-eliciting pictures were measured to compare the effectiveness of the strategies. Results showed that reappraisal was more effective in regulating negative emotions than distraction and affect labeling in both fatigue and non-fatigue conditions. While reappraisal was a robust method of regulating emotion, the other two less-demanding strategies …


The Relationship Among Level Of Intimacy, Romantic Attachment, Coping Strategies, And Negative Emotional Experiences In Young Adults With Ghosting Experience, Piyaporn Prasertwit Jan 2019

The Relationship Among Level Of Intimacy, Romantic Attachment, Coping Strategies, And Negative Emotional Experiences In Young Adults With Ghosting Experience, Piyaporn Prasertwit

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The study aimed to explore ghosting or when the reasons for romantic relationship termination and subsequent disappearance of one’s partner are not conveyed in Thai society, which has objectives as follow: 1. To explore the relationship between level of intimacy (9 levels) and negative emotional experience (negative-self emotions and negative-others emotions) 2. To explore the relationship between level of intimacy (9 levels), romantic attachment (attachment anxiety, and attachment avoidant), and coping strategies (emotional release, direct approach, accommodation/acceptance, denial/blaming others, and self-blame/self-focused) Participants were 335 young adults aged 18 – 30 years old (M = 22.3 years) who have had experience …


An Assessment Of Alcohol Consumption, Substance Use And Sexual Risk Behavior Among Men Who Have Sex With Men (Msm) In Yangon And Mandalay Myanmar, Kyaw Min Htut Jan 2019

An Assessment Of Alcohol Consumption, Substance Use And Sexual Risk Behavior Among Men Who Have Sex With Men (Msm) In Yangon And Mandalay Myanmar, Kyaw Min Htut

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Alcohol consumption and substance use are associated with sexual risk behaviors. In Myanmar, lack of study was reported on alcohol consumption, substance use and sexual risk behavior among men who have sex with men (MSM) and current study was conducted to identify patterns of alcohol consumption, substance use and sexual risk behavior among MSM in Yangon and Mandalay, Myanmar. The Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) was also used. A total of 256 MSM included in the study and their mean age was 27.3±7.7 years. Age of MSM was categorized as 15-24 years as young MSM and ≥25 …


Knowledge And Attitude On Practice Of Iron Deficiency Anemia Prevention Among High School Female Students In Banjarmasin City, Indonesia: A Mixed Method Study, Lafi Munira Jan 2019

Knowledge And Attitude On Practice Of Iron Deficiency Anemia Prevention Among High School Female Students In Banjarmasin City, Indonesia: A Mixed Method Study, Lafi Munira

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Based on the Indonesia National Basic Health Survey in 2018, the prevalence of anemia in young women was 48.9%, along with the major proportions of anemia in the age group of 15-24 years. This study aimed to examine the influence of knowledge and attitude on iron deficiency anemia prevention practice and to find out the reasons for not practicing anemia prevention among female high school students in Banjarmasin, Indonesia. The mixed-method study with a quantitative study: cross-sectional survey study (April 2020) was conducted through an online survey among 359 female students (15-18 years old) and qualitative study: focus group discussion …


Effectiveness Of Mobile Application (Easydm) For Diabetes Control Focusing On Diabetes Medication Adherence Among Uncontrolled Diabetes Patients Attending Primary Care Units In Bangkok Thailand: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Nusaree Siripath Jan 2019

Effectiveness Of Mobile Application (Easydm) For Diabetes Control Focusing On Diabetes Medication Adherence Among Uncontrolled Diabetes Patients Attending Primary Care Units In Bangkok Thailand: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Nusaree Siripath

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Introduction: Increasing uncontrolled diabetes mellitus requires ways to tackle it effectively. Primary Care Units (PCU) play an important role in diabetes care in Thailand. One option of diabetes management includes use of mobile applications that have proven effective. We investigated whether EASYDM mobile application is effective in diabetes control focusing on medication adherence among uncontrolled diabetes patients attending Primary Care Unit. Method: A two-arm randomized assessor blinded controlled trial was conducted in between August to December 2019 at Pattanavej primary care unit in Saimai, Bangkok, Thailand. The sample was 186 patients who fulfill eligibility criteria of age 45-65 years, , …


Parents' Knowledge, Attitude, And Preventive Practice About Sexual Harassment Of Children In Travel And Tourism Destination In Lombok, Indonesia, Siti Syahidati Fauzana Jan 2019

Parents' Knowledge, Attitude, And Preventive Practice About Sexual Harassment Of Children In Travel And Tourism Destination In Lombok, Indonesia, Siti Syahidati Fauzana

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Tourism is known as a promoter for economic growth. Lombok island is a place of interest where plenty tourists visit, but a high increasing number of visitors affect to increasing sexual harassment of local children. Child sexual harassment (CSH) is one of the seriously concerned issues. And parents are the best position with high potential to prevent CSH, they can act as a strong external obstacle to the offender accessing children. But there are limited studies were conducted on parent’s knowledge, attitude, and preventive practice (KAPP) about child sexual harassment especially tourism destination. The aims of this study were (1) …


Effectiveness Of The Self Static Stretching Strengthening Program On Physical Performances In Market Vendors: A Quasi-Experimental Study, Salila Cetthakrikul Jan 2019

Effectiveness Of The Self Static Stretching Strengthening Program On Physical Performances In Market Vendors: A Quasi-Experimental Study, Salila Cetthakrikul

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Introduction: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs) often occurs within the market vendor group. This study design is a Self-Static Stretching and Strengthening program for market vendors for reducing and/or preventing WRMDs. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of the Self-Static Stretching and Strengthening program (SSS program) compared with ergonomic knowledge on physical performances in market vendors. Methods: This study design was a quasi-experimental study with the control group. Base on convenience, the Samyan market was placed into the intervention group and the Ortorkor market was placed into the control group. The market vendors who volunteered were asked to complete the questionnaire and …


Predictors Of Suicidal Idea In The Elderly Living In Bangkok, Thailand, Supasaek Virojanapa Jan 2019

Predictors Of Suicidal Idea In The Elderly Living In Bangkok, Thailand, Supasaek Virojanapa

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Background: The suicide mortality rate of the elderly in Thailand rose by 9.7% from 2008 to 2018. While the suicide mortality rate in Bangkok rose 61.1% in 5 years. There had been no recent research to estimate the suicidal idea prevalence and its association in the elderly living in Bangkok. Methods: A secondary data analysis of 1,454 elderly, registered in the elderly clubs, was conducted. General characteristics, depression, suicidal idea, loneliness, and QoL were collected with standard questionnaires. SPSS Statistics Version 21 was used. This analysis had an ethics review from Health Science Group, Chulalongkorn University (COA No.054/2563). Results: The …


Effect Of Chicken Lof (Low Fat In 90 Days): M-Health Application On Lipid Profile And Body Composition Among Dyslipedemia Healthcare Workers: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Suwadee Puntpanich Jan 2019

Effect Of Chicken Lof (Low Fat In 90 Days): M-Health Application On Lipid Profile And Body Composition Among Dyslipedemia Healthcare Workers: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Suwadee Puntpanich

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Background/ Objectives: Non-communicable disease has become public health concern and is associated with an unhealthy lifestyle and ageing. This present study was conducted to explore the effectiveness of “CHICKEN LOF”: M-health application on lipid profile and body composition among dyslipidemia healthcare workers of Phuket City Hospital, Thailand. Subjects/ Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trail with 4 serial measurements and it was conducted among full time dyslipidemia healthcare workers from “Phuket Care Project”, a 10, 000 bed hospital via home visitation in Phuket City Hospital, Thailand. A total of 80 participants participated and they were randomly assigned by a …


The Effect Of Home Visit And Telephone Tracking Program On Knowledge, Caregiver Burden And Quality Of Life Among Dementia Caregivers Ratchaburi Province Thailand, Worarat Magteppong Jan 2019

The Effect Of Home Visit And Telephone Tracking Program On Knowledge, Caregiver Burden And Quality Of Life Among Dementia Caregivers Ratchaburi Province Thailand, Worarat Magteppong

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Background: Elders with dementia have serious behavioral problems and require extensive care from caregivers. This poses a significant problem for patients’ families. Multicomponent interventions have been reported to be more effective than interventions targeting one point of caregiver functioning. This study aims to examine the effect of a home visit and telephone tracking program on knowledge, caregiver burden, and quality of life among dementia caregivers. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental with two group comparisons during November 2018 – July 2019. The participants of this study comprised 62 dementia caregivers (31 participants in intervention and 31 participants in control group) …


Effectiveness Of The Enhanced Psychological Well-Being Intervention In Family Caregivers Of Schizophrenic Patients, Yada Thongthammarat Jan 2019

Effectiveness Of The Enhanced Psychological Well-Being Intervention In Family Caregivers Of Schizophrenic Patients, Yada Thongthammarat

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Most of the family-based interventions focus on assisting patients more than the family caregivers. Family caregivers of schizophrenic patients require intervention which focuses more on their strengths than on solving problems for schizophrenic patients. For this study with 127 family caregivers of schizophrenic patients in Nonsung District, Nakornratchasima Province, Thailand, 63 were in the intervention group and 64 were in the control group. The 4-session intervention was held every other week. Psychological well-being and burden of care were assessed pre-intervention, post-intervention, and at 3-month follow-up. The intervention group had significant increase in psychological well-being after receiving the intervention, but did …


Depression And Domestic Violence Experiences Among Postpartum Women In Nepal, Pallavi Koirala Jan 2019

Depression And Domestic Violence Experiences Among Postpartum Women In Nepal, Pallavi Koirala

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Background: Postpartum Depression is an important cause of maternal and infant morbidity as well as mortality. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of postpartum depression and domestic violence experience as well as to identify association of postpartum depression with domestic violence experiences and other factors among women in Nepal. Methods: The study was a cross sectional hospital-based research conducted in Kathmandu, Nepal among women who were 6 weeks to 6 months postpartum; chosen by simple random sampling. Self-report questionnaire was used Results: The prevalence of PPD was found to be 20.7% while that of the different forms of domestic …