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2019

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Electrochemical Cycling Stability Of Polyaniline Films In Different Color Ranges, Kun Xu, Kai-Ling Zhou, Hao Wang, Jing-Bing Liu, Hui Yan Dec 2019

Electrochemical Cycling Stability Of Polyaniline Films In Different Color Ranges, Kun Xu, Kai-Ling Zhou, Hao Wang, Jing-Bing Liu, Hui Yan

Journal of Electrochemistry

The electrochromic behaviors of polyaniline films were investigated by potential step and cyclic voltammetry coupled with UV viscosity photometer. The polyaniline films show colorful changes from pale yellow to green and then to blue. Electrochromic stability, electrochemical behavior, coloring performance, optical properties and surface formations of the produced films were studied in detail. The working electrode was the flexible PANI electrode, and the counter electrode and the reference electrode were a platinum sheet and Ag/AgCl, respectively. The in situ optical transmittance of the PANI film at 650 nm was measured using an ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV-3101PC) combining with a square …

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Electrochemical Determination Of Trace Copper Ions In Drinking Water Source, Jing-Ji Peng, Hong Zheng, Yi-Song Zou, Guo-Kun Liu, Dong-Xing Yuan Dec 2019

Electrochemical Determination Of Trace Copper Ions In Drinking Water Source, Jing-Ji Peng, Hong Zheng, Yi-Song Zou, Guo-Kun Liu, Dong-Xing Yuan

Journal of Electrochemistry

Aiming at the on-site and quick safety evaluation of the dissolved trace copper ions (Cu2+) in drinking water source, an electrochemical detection platform was developed on the basis of the square wave anodic stripping voltammetry using the gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) modified glassy carbon electrode, where Au NPs were deposited via electrochemical cyclic voltammetry. The proposed method displayed the limit of detection as low as 1.3 μg·L-1 in the linear range of 2 ~ 50 μg·L-1. The proposed method was applied to the determination of Cu2+ in the midstream of Minjiang River, one of …

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Bipolar-Membrane Electrodialysis Method To Treat Industrial High Saline Perfume Wastewater, Jian Zhang, Dong-Fang Niu, Shuo-Zhen Hu, Xin-Sheng Zhang Dec 2019

Bipolar-Membrane Electrodialysis Method To Treat Industrial High Saline Perfume Wastewater, Jian Zhang, Dong-Fang Niu, Shuo-Zhen Hu, Xin-Sheng Zhang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Large amount of organic saline wastewater is generated from various chemical industries. The contents of organic saline wastewater are more and more complicated as they are created from different types of industries. Directly discharging the organic saline wastewater without pre-treatment can generate severe environmental problem and waste useful resources. It is necessary to use an economical method to treat the organic saline wastewater and recover the salt into useful materials to achieve resource reuse. Bipolar-membrane electrodialysis (BMED) is one of the methods that can remove salt from the wastewater and convert it into certain acid and base with higher value …

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Electrochemical Properties Of Sulfur In Different Carbon Support Materials, Bo Zhang, Jia Liu, Xiao-Chen Liu, De-Jun Li Dec 2019

Electrochemical Properties Of Sulfur In Different Carbon Support Materials, Bo Zhang, Jia Liu, Xiao-Chen Liu, De-Jun Li

Journal of Electrochemistry

In order to investigate the effect of carbon structure on electrochemical performance of sulfur/carbon composite in lithium-sulfur battery, in this paper, sublimation sulfur was incorporated into three types of carbon materials, namely, graphene, carbon black and porous carbon. The three sulfur/carbon composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, and their electrochemical performances were also studied. The results showed that the sulfur/porous carbon composite offered an initial discharge capacity of 1623.2 mA·h·g-1 and remained 845 mA·h·g-1 after 100 cycles. Compared with graphene and carbon black, the mesopores and micropores in porous …

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Electrochemical Sensor Based On Magnetic Electrode Modified With Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Nanoparticles Immobilized Hemoglobin For Determination Of Hydrogen Peroxide, Yang Yuan, Jia-Xin Wang, Yu-Hua Cao Dec 2019

Electrochemical Sensor Based On Magnetic Electrode Modified With Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Nanoparticles Immobilized Hemoglobin For Determination Of Hydrogen Peroxide, Yang Yuan, Jia-Xin Wang, Yu-Hua Cao

Journal of Electrochemistry

In this work, the surface-imprinted technique was used to prepare magnetic hemoglobin (Hb) imprinted nanoparticles, using Fe3O4@SiO2 NPs as the carrier, Hb as the template molecule, and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as the imprinted polymer monomer. The nanoparticles had a core-shell structure, with magnetic Fe3O4 NPs as the core and Hb imprinted polymers as the shell. Therefore, Hb could be concentrated and fixed on the surface of the magnetic imprinted nanoparticles (MMIPs NPs). Furthermore, MMIPs NPs were immobilized with chitosan (CS) on the surface of a magnetic electrode to constitute Hb enzyme-like biosensor …

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An Aptasensor Based On Aunps/Pani/Tnts Nanocomposite For Electrochemical Detection Of Tobramycin, Yong-Ling Nong, Ni-Na Qiao, Ying Liang Dec 2019

An Aptasensor Based On Aunps/Pani/Tnts Nanocomposite For Electrochemical Detection Of Tobramycin, Yong-Ling Nong, Ni-Na Qiao, Ying Liang

Journal of Electrochemistry

A novel well-constructed electrochemical aptamer-based sensor for the detection of tobramycin was presented, using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) as a detection technique and methylene blue(MB) as an electrochemical indicator. A glassy carbon electrode modified with a nanocomposite of Au nanoparticles/polyaniline/titania nanotubes (AuNPs/PANI/TNTs) was constructed as the electrode scaffold. The nanocomposite was characterized by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in detail. The results of cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance measurements demonstrated that the AuNPs/PANI/TNTs nanocomposites can improve greatly the electron transfer on the interface. For the detection of tobramycin, the DPV results showed a linear relationship between the current …

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Arthroscopic Fixation Of Isolated Type Ii Superior Labrum Anterior To Posterior (Slap) Lesions, Short-Term Results, Mohammed Hatem Salal, Ammar Talib Noah, Hassan Salah-Alden Hassan, Sinan Urabee Ibrahim Dec 2019

Arthroscopic Fixation Of Isolated Type Ii Superior Labrum Anterior To Posterior (Slap) Lesions, Short-Term Results, Mohammed Hatem Salal, Ammar Talib Noah, Hassan Salah-Alden Hassan, Sinan Urabee Ibrahim

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: SLAP defined as separation of superior labrum from anterior to posterior, with or without the involvement of the attachment of the biceps tendon. OBJECTIVE: To assess the results of arthroscopic management of type II isolated SLAP tear using suture anchors in patients below forty years of age according to the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) rating scale. PAT IENTS AND METHODS: This is a prospective study conducted in the medical city directorate in Baghdad starting in October 2015 till October 2017, it included fourteen patients having dominant side type II SLAP tear, twelve males and two females, …

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P.R.I.D.E.: Positive Racial Identity Development In Early Education, Aisha White, Shannon B. Wanless Dec 2019

P.R.I.D.E.: Positive Racial Identity Development In Early Education, Aisha White, Shannon B. Wanless

Journal of Curriculum, Teaching, Learning and Leadership in Education

Racism negatively affects children of color in the United States, particularly Black children. Theirs is a history of marginalization since the slavery era, and the impacts are cognitive, social, and psychological. Additionally, Black children face unique challenges upon entering formal education, resulting in disturbing academic outcomes. Yet, adults can facilitate Black children’s development of positive racial identity to help them handle the negative implications of experiencing racism across their lifespan. A description of the research related to positive racial identity is provided along with presentation of the P.R.I.D.E. program, a Pittsburgh-based effort that is designed to help adults build the …

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Developing A Vocabulary To Talk About Race In The White Home: One Family’S Experience, Rhianna K. Thomas Dec 2019

Developing A Vocabulary To Talk About Race In The White Home: One Family’S Experience, Rhianna K. Thomas

Journal of Curriculum, Teaching, Learning and Leadership in Education

Studies have shown white parents actively avoid talking about race as the primary method of racial socialization of their white children (Bartoli et al., 2016; Pahlke, Bigler, & Suizzo, 2012). This limits children’s ability to talk about and therefore think about race in nuanced ways, resulting in white children who consider their own race meaningless and do not identify racially (Bartoli et al., 2016). Antiracist education breaks these white discourse norms, and directly addresses systemic racism (Escayg, 2018). This paper describes how one white family attempted to enact antiracist education in the home with a focus on developing a shared …

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Supporting Conversations About Race And Racism With Young Children While Watching For Manifestations Of Whiteness, Shubhi Sachdeva, Jennifer Adair Dec 2019

Supporting Conversations About Race And Racism With Young Children While Watching For Manifestations Of Whiteness, Shubhi Sachdeva, Jennifer Adair

Journal of Curriculum, Teaching, Learning and Leadership in Education

This article examines two first grade classrooms in Central Texas that routinely have conversations about racial justice. In both classrooms we studied, children participated in racial conversations in large group structured discussions with the teacher and in less formal peer conversations away from the teachers. We follow both classrooms and detail the ways in which the teachers supported conversations about race, racism and racial violence with and among the young children in their classes. We highlight specific strategies and mechanisms that both teachers used to open up their classrooms for social and racial justice conversations. Then, we show how even …

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Troubling ‘Race’ And Discourses Of Difference And Identity In Early Childhood Education In South Africa, Jaclyn Murray Dec 2019

Troubling ‘Race’ And Discourses Of Difference And Identity In Early Childhood Education In South Africa, Jaclyn Murray

Journal of Curriculum, Teaching, Learning and Leadership in Education

This article emerges from a broader ethnographic study exploring how young children aged five and six years, and their educators, construct ‘race’ identities in a culturally diverse early childhood education setting in post-apartheid South Africa. Historically, systems of educational inequality and injustice have had a profound impact on how subjects have come to be ‘raced’ in the South African context. Drawing on a poststructural framework that problematizes the notion of identity, ‘race’, and young children’s discursive understandings of ‘race’, this article traces the complex ways in which young children and educators (re)construct, negotiate, resist and subvert subject formation processes in …

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“They Need To Say Sorry:” Anti-Racism In First Graders’ Racial Learning, Anna Falkner Dec 2019

“They Need To Say Sorry:” Anti-Racism In First Graders’ Racial Learning, Anna Falkner

Journal of Curriculum, Teaching, Learning and Leadership in Education

Young children of color in the United States are experiencing the material effects of racism on a daily basis. There have been arguments for anti-bias and anti-racist education across the field of education, yet most recommendations are based on older students or studies in laboratory settings. In this critical ethnography, the author examined the wide variety of strategies one class of first graders used to learn about race and of the socio-political and racial climate in which they live. In this paper, the author argues that children carefully consider racial conditions in society and imagine anti-racist praxis as part of …

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Promoting A Positive Racial Identity In Young African Caribbean Children: An Anti-Colonial Approach, Kerry-Ann Escayg, Zoyah Kinkead-Clark Dec 2019

Promoting A Positive Racial Identity In Young African Caribbean Children: An Anti-Colonial Approach, Kerry-Ann Escayg, Zoyah Kinkead-Clark

Journal of Curriculum, Teaching, Learning and Leadership in Education

Most empirical contributions on children and race, and the theories derived from this body of work, have focused on American or Canadian children. Some scholars have begun to explore children’s attitudes about race in international contexts, but few have investigated racial identity and attitudes among African Caribbean children in the English-speaking Caribbean context. In this article, we first review international scholarship on children and race, as well as research involving Caribbean children and race. Next, we use an anti-colonial perspective to explore specific pedagogical strategies that can support positive racial identities among young African Caribbean children in the region.

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Characterization Of The Semi-Permeable Layer In Seed Of Elymus Nutans, Jing Zhou, Yanrong Wang, Xueqing He Dec 2019

Characterization Of The Semi-Permeable Layer In Seed Of Elymus Nutans, Jing Zhou, Yanrong Wang, Xueqing He

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A semi-permeable layer of the seed coat exists in many species which allows controlled water uptake and gas ex-change, while preventing solute transport (Beresniewicz et al. 1995). This layer could act as a barrier to apoplastic permeability and radicle emergence (Salanenka et al. 2009). It could also restrict the tetrazolium viability test and the electrical conductivity vigour test applied to evaluate seed quality (Yan and Wang 2008; Zhou and Wang 2012). An earlier study reported that semi-permeable layers exist in grass species, but recently research has shown that the layer was not found in seeds of oat (He …

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White Clover Seed Production Response To Irrigation, Ana L. Pereira, Ariel Pimienta, Pamela Aguirre, Marita Ferriso, Virginia Pravia Dec 2019

White Clover Seed Production Response To Irrigation, Ana L. Pereira, Ariel Pimienta, Pamela Aguirre, Marita Ferriso, Virginia Pravia

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

White clover is more sensitive to soil water restriction compared to other perennial legumes, due to its shallow root system and poor stomatal control. Its undetermined growth is influenced by soil water content and seed production is reduced when vegetative growth is not restricted through irrigation management. Restricting the amount of soil available water during the bloom stage reduced plant vegetative growth and increases seed production (Clifford, 1986). In Uruguay, there is not a defined rainy season, and annual average ranges between 1100 and 1300mm. However, due to higher water demand during late spring and summer, a water deficit period …

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Does Scarification Time Affect Hydrotime Model Parameters Of Vicia Angustifolia Seed Germination?, Xiaowen Hu, Tingshan Li, Yanrong Wang Dec 2019

Does Scarification Time Affect Hydrotime Model Parameters Of Vicia Angustifolia Seed Germination?, Xiaowen Hu, Tingshan Li, Yanrong Wang

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Hard seed, also classified as physical dormancy, is very common in forage legumes (Baskin and Baskin 2004). Many methods, based on scarifying seed coat have been developed such as mechanical scarification, chemical scarification to soft hard seed (Baskin and Baskin 1998). Hydrotime is a way to describe the relationship between water potential (Ψ) and seed germination rates and percentages (Bradford 1990) The hydrotime model has proven to be useful for understanding the physiological mechanism of seed germination and has been suggested as a tool to describe seed germination time in relation to water condition (Alvarado and Bradford 2002). …

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Response Of Fertile Tiller Characters And Seed Yield Of Elymus Sibiricus L. To Row Space Alteration, Minghong You, Jinping Liu, Shiqie Bai, Xinquan Zhang, Daxu Li, Changbing Zhang, Jiajun Yan, Qi Wu Dec 2019

Response Of Fertile Tiller Characters And Seed Yield Of Elymus Sibiricus L. To Row Space Alteration, Minghong You, Jinping Liu, Shiqie Bai, Xinquan Zhang, Daxu Li, Changbing Zhang, Jiajun Yan, Qi Wu

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Elymus sibiricus L. cv chuancao NO.2 is widely planted in the eastern Tibetan Plateau of China. At present, the study about E. sibiricus L. seed yield has focused on the influence of fertilizing and harvest time on seed yield and its components. The response of fertile tiller characters and seed yield of E. sibiricus L. to different row space still has not been reported. This experiment analyzed the response of fertile tiller characters and seed yield to different row spaces, and presents the optimal spacing to increase seed yield and quality in the Northwest Plateau of Sichuan. The objective was …

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Production Of Alfalfa Seed In Italy, Alessandra Sommovigo, Domenica Iraci Capuccinello, Marta Giannini Dec 2019

Production Of Alfalfa Seed In Italy, Alessandra Sommovigo, Domenica Iraci Capuccinello, Marta Giannini

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is considered the largest cultivated forage species in the temperate areas in the world and in Italy covers about 700,000 ha. This species is important for the ability to produce a good quality forage with low input. Alfalfa seed production is spread throughout Italy, France and Spain (Fig. 1). In Italy, about 47% of forage area is planted with alfalfa and the Italian regions where alfalfa seed is mainly produced are Emilia Romagna, Marche and Tuscany (Fig. 2). In 2012 the area for the production of alfalfa seed was 20,906 ha with a seed production …

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The Italian Catalogue Of Herbage Varieties, M. Giolo, Giovanni Corsi, N. Mugueta, F. Sorgoni, Pier Giacomo Bianchi, Renzo Torricelli, Mario Falcinelli Dec 2019

The Italian Catalogue Of Herbage Varieties, M. Giolo, Giovanni Corsi, N. Mugueta, F. Sorgoni, Pier Giacomo Bianchi, Renzo Torricelli, Mario Falcinelli

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

With 3.4 million hectares, permanent grassland covers 25.8% of Italian U.A.A. (Usable Agricultural Area). Most of this is located in hilly and mountainous areas and is important for the stability of the soil even if their productivity is low. Alfalfa and annual forages cover 1.8 million hectares (C.R.P.A. 2010). Italy’s large longitudinal extension (between latitudes 35° and 47° N), delivers a great variety of climates (Fig. 1). The northern regions bordering the rest of Europe differ greatly from the southern regions surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea.

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Criteria For The Registration Of Medicago Polymorpha L. And Lolium Rigidum Gaud. Varieties In A Voluntary Register In Italy, Luciano Pecetti, Giovanni Corsi, Federico Sòrgoni, Pier Giacomo Bianchi, Mario Falcinelli, Renzo Torricelli Dec 2019

Criteria For The Registration Of Medicago Polymorpha L. And Lolium Rigidum Gaud. Varieties In A Voluntary Register In Italy, Luciano Pecetti, Giovanni Corsi, Federico Sòrgoni, Pier Giacomo Bianchi, Mario Falcinelli, Renzo Torricelli

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Extensive and semi-extensive livestock systems in Southern Europe rely largely on permanent pastures, the productivity of which could be improved by sowing adapted species. Native forage species are a valuable tool for Mediterranean livestock production, owing to their specific adaptation to the harsh environment (featuring prolonged and severe spring-summer drought) and their generally good tolerance to grazing. Annual, self-reseeding species are able to cope with the prevailing drought stress by terminating the vegetative phase and setting seed before the onset of the stressful period, and enhance the durability of the sward by their self-reseeding capacity and subsequent seedling regeneration. Subterranean …

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Trinexapac-Ethyl Application Increased Seed Yield Of Diploid Red Clover (Trifolium Pratense L.), Dave Monks Dec 2019

Trinexapac-Ethyl Application Increased Seed Yield Of Diploid Red Clover (Trifolium Pratense L.), Dave Monks

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a perennial legume grown for forage that, when grown with a seed yield focus in New Zealand, averages 260 kg seed/ha (Clifford, 1979). One way to shift the production focus from biomass to seed yield is the use of plant growth regulators (PGRs). Prior work with PGRs in legume seed production has centred on the gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitors paclobutrazol, uniconazol and cycocel that aim to increase the harvest index of a crop by reducing the ratio of vegetative to reproductive biomass. Inhibiting gibberellin synthesis decreases cell division and cell enlargement; reducing the length …

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Nitrogen Uptake And Utilisation In Red Fescue (Festuca Rubra Var. Rubra) For Seed Production, René Gislum, Birte Boelt Dec 2019

Nitrogen Uptake And Utilisation In Red Fescue (Festuca Rubra Var. Rubra) For Seed Production, René Gislum, Birte Boelt

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Application and utilisation of nitrogen (N) is important from both an agronomic and environmental point of view. Increased utilisation of applied N will increase seed yield and the amount of N removed in the harvested straw and seed and concomitantly lower the amount of N than can potentially leach to ground and surface water. From an agronomic viewpoint it is important to understand the relationship between higher N uptake and seed yield. We know from several field experiments that the current year has a large impact on the uptake and utilisation of applied N due to soil available water, temperature …

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Effect Of Gamma Irradiation On Seed Germination Traits Of Bromus Inermis, Ghasem Ali Dianati Tilaki, Arezu Alizadeh, Behnam Naserian Khiabani Dec 2019

Effect Of Gamma Irradiation On Seed Germination Traits Of Bromus Inermis, Ghasem Ali Dianati Tilaki, Arezu Alizadeh, Behnam Naserian Khiabani

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Ionizing radiation technology and in particular gamma radiation is developing as a useful treatment in crop production. Gamma rays cause different physiological and morphological responses in cells and tissues that appear as an increase in germination speed, germination capacity and growth of the leaves (Amjad and Anjum 2007). Several reports on the stimulatory affects on plant growth when exposed to irradiation techniques with radioactive rays at low doses are available (Charbaji and Nabulsi 1999; Moussa 2006). Seed treatment with low doses of gamma rays resulted in a significant increase in germination traits, plant vigor and yield attributes of wheat (Melki …

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Germination Of Tropical Forage Seeds Stored In Ambient And Controlled Temperature And Humidity Conditions, Michael D. Hare, Supaphan Phengphet, Theerachai Songsiri, Naddakorn Sutin, Eduardo Stern Dec 2019

Germination Of Tropical Forage Seeds Stored In Ambient And Controlled Temperature And Humidity Conditions, Michael D. Hare, Supaphan Phengphet, Theerachai Songsiri, Naddakorn Sutin, Eduardo Stern

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Storage of tropical forage seeds in the humid tropics is crit-ical in order to safeguard germination. Storing Mulato hybrid brachiaria (Brachiaria ruziziensis x B. brizantha) seed under ambient conditions could be safely done for 8-12 months in Thailand, but rapid deterioration in viability occurred with longer storage, with seed being totally non-viable after 20 months storage (Hare et al. 2008). However, Mulato seeds kept in cold storage (10°C and 40% RH) for 3 years still maintained 80% germination. Similar results were found in northern Australia (Hopkinson and English 2005) where loss of viability of Panicum maximum, …

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Advances In Nutrient Management Of Grass Seed Crops, René Gislum, Birte Boelt Dec 2019

Advances In Nutrient Management Of Grass Seed Crops, René Gislum, Birte Boelt

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Nutrient management of herbage grass seed crops is just as complex as for other agricultural crops when the aim is to optimise economic net return and minimise environmental impact. The use of economic optimum nitrogen (N) application rate (ECO-N) defined as the N application rate that maximise net return for the seed grower is an easy and applicable method for seed growers. Besides the economic advantages of implementing ECO-N there is an additional positive environmental effect as ECO-N is lower than the N rate that maximises seed yield and a lower N application rate will concomitantly lower the potential risk …

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Impact Of Tropical Forage Seed Development In Villages In Thailand And Laos: Research To Village Farmer Production To Seed Export, Michael D. Hare, Supaphan Phengphet, Theerachai Songsiri, Naddakorn Sutin, Edward S. F. Vernon, Eduardo Stern Dec 2019

Impact Of Tropical Forage Seed Development In Villages In Thailand And Laos: Research To Village Farmer Production To Seed Export, Michael D. Hare, Supaphan Phengphet, Theerachai Songsiri, Naddakorn Sutin, Edward S. F. Vernon, Eduardo Stern

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Seed of six forage species, Mulato II hybrid brachiaria, Cayman hybrid brachiaria, Mombasa guinea, Tanzania guinea, Ubon stylo and Ubon paspalum, are currently being produced by over 1000 smallholder farmers in villages in northeast Thailand and northern Laos, under contract to Ubon Forage Seeds, Faculty of Agriculture, Ubon Ratchathani University, Thailand. The seed is mainly exported overseas (95%) and the remainder is sold within Thailand. Tropical Seeds LLC, a subsidiary of a Mexican seed company Grupo Papalotla, employs the seed producing and seed research group, Ubon Forage Seeds, to manage seed production, seed sales and export, and to conduct research …

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Effects Of Storage Conditions On Endophyte And Seed Viability In Pasture Grasses, David E. Hume, Stuart D. Card, M. Philip Rolston Dec 2019

Effects Of Storage Conditions On Endophyte And Seed Viability In Pasture Grasses, David E. Hume, Stuart D. Card, M. Philip Rolston

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Several important temperate pasture grasses have co-evolved with mutualistic Epichloë fungal endophytes. These endophytes impart beneficial attributes to their host as they enhance the fitness of the grass when under biotic and abiotic stresses. The asexual species of these fungi (formerly classed as Neotyphodium) are obligate symbionts, and efficiently colonise newly formed tillers and infect seed by direct colonisation of the embryo. These endophytes are strictly seed transmitted. Survival of the fungus in this seed is therefore critical for the dissemination of endophyte-infected seed to grassland farmers. Longevity of endophyte in stored seed is primarily determined by the length …

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Managing Seed Dormancy In Forage Legumes And Grasses: An Update, Yanrong Wang, Xiaowen Hu Dec 2019

Managing Seed Dormancy In Forage Legumes And Grasses: An Update, Yanrong Wang, Xiaowen Hu

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Seed dormancy is a common feature of the majority of forage species. It usually causes problems both to the grower and the seed analyst. Many methods have been developed to break dormant seed over the time, and efficacy of a method usually varies with species and cultivars. The objective of this paper is to review and summarise important methods used for seed dormancy breaking in forage legume and grass species, and the mechanisms involved.

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Restoring North America’S Sagebrush Steppe Ecosystem Using Seed Enhancement Technologies, Matthew D. Madsen, Kirk W. Davies, Chad S. Boyd, Jay D. Kerby, Daniel L. Carter, Tony J. Svejcar Dec 2019

Restoring North America’S Sagebrush Steppe Ecosystem Using Seed Enhancement Technologies, Matthew D. Madsen, Kirk W. Davies, Chad S. Boyd, Jay D. Kerby, Daniel L. Carter, Tony J. Svejcar

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Rangelands occupy over a third of global land area, and in many cases are in less than optimum condition as a result of past land use, catastrophic wildfire and other disturbance, invasive species, or climate change. Often the only means of restoring these lands involves seeding desirable species, yet there are few cost effective seeding technologies, especially for the more arid rangeland types. The inability to consistently establish desired plants from seed may indicate that the seeding technologies being used are not successful in addressing the primary sources of mortality in the progression from seed to established plant. Seed enhancement …

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Comprehensive Evaluation Of Wild Elymus L. Germplasm In Inner Mongolia, Juan Qi, Wen-Xia Cao, Ting Jiao, Xiao-Peng Pu, Wei-Hong Yan Dec 2019

Comprehensive Evaluation Of Wild Elymus L. Germplasm In Inner Mongolia, Juan Qi, Wen-Xia Cao, Ting Jiao, Xiao-Peng Pu, Wei-Hong Yan

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grassland degradation is increasing in severity and is an important global issue in the 21st century. Increasing research is being conducted on how to solve these problems (Niu and Jiang 2004). Restoration and revegetation of degraded grassland and the establishment of artificial pastures are important in addressing degradation. Successful restoration requires the identification of species and seed sources that are adapted to the ecological conditions of the restoration site. Elymus L. is a large genus that contains about 150 species distributed across a wide range of ecological sites across temperate and subtropical regions of the world (Dewey 1984; Love 1984). …

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