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Hematogenous Osteomyelitis In Juveniles: An Examination Of Pathophysiology And Variation In Occurrence In The Archaeological Record And Contemporarily

Symposium of Student Scholars

Osteomyelitis is a general term for a group of diseases that cause inflammation of the bone. In most cases, the cause is infectious agents entering the bloodstream from other infected areas, especially traumatic or surgical wounds (hematogenous osteomyelitis). The main causative agents are Staphylococcus aureus (staph) and Streptococcus (strep). Other causes of osteomyelitis include indirect infection from soft tissue infections or sepsis (Ortner 2003, 181). Although osteomyelitis can occur at any age, hematogenous osteomyelitis is especially prevalent among juveniles. The location of occurrence is related to the timing of development of the growth plates, as well as the vascular supply …

Role Of The Conserved Ndr/Lats Kinase Orb6 In Controlling Cell Growth And Stress Adaptation, Chuan Chen

Open Access Dissertations

Adaptation to the nutritional environment is critical for all cells. RAS GTPase is a highly conserved GTP binding protein with crucial functions for cell growth and differentiation in response to environmental conditions. Inappropriate activation of human RAS GTPase has a causal role in cancer, congenital malformations, and neurodevelopmental disorders. Our lab previously found that the conserved NDR kinase Orb6 regulates the mRNA and protein levels of Ras1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Efc25, by controlling the coalescence of the mRNA-binding protein Sts5 into ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules. However, it is still unclear whether the Orb6-Sts5 axis regulates RAS GTPase activity in …

Ecohydrology Of Urban Trees Under Passive And Active Irrigation In A Semiarid City, Anthony M. Luketich, Shirley A. Papuga, Michael A. Crimmins

Environmental Science and Geology Faculty Research Publications

The infiltration of stormwater runoff for use by urban trees is a major co-benefit of green infrastructure for desert cities with limited water resources. However, the effects of this passive irrigation versus regular, controlled moisture inputs, or active irrigation, is largely unquantified. We monitored the ecohydrology of urban mesquite trees (Prosopis spp.) under these contrasting irrigation regimes in semiarid Tucson, AZ. Measurements included soil moisture, sap velocity, canopy greenness, and leaf-area index. We expected both irrigation types to provide additional deep (>20 cm) soil moisture compared to natural conditions, and that trees would depend on this deep …

Public Impact-Focused Research Survey Results, Kevin H. Gardner, Scott Slovic, Terri Goss-Kinzy, Christopher Keane

Office of Research Scholarship

The Association of Public and Land Grant Universities (APLU) Council on Research (COR) led an initiative to define, identify, and develop a recommended path forward for public impact research (PIR). A survey was conducted of APLU institution in order to:

1. To characterize the extent of public impact research (PIR) occurring at APLU institutions.
2. To understand how institutions (or leaders within institutions) think about, define, and communicate about this type of work.
3. To provide perspectives about the challenges, opportunities, and rewards that may be associated with this type of scholarship.

Responses were received from a diverse set of seventy public and …

Event Banners, Dennis Grady

Women on the Faculty: A Dartmouth Centennial

These are the posters and banners used to announce the event.

Speaker Biographies, Sienna Craig, John Kopper

Women on the Faculty: A Dartmouth Centennial

This document contains the biographies of all of the event speakers.

Indicators And Benchmarks For Wind Erosion Monitoring, Assessment And Management, Nicholas P. Webb, Emily Kachergis, Scott W. Miller, Sarah E. Mccord, Brandon T. Bestelmeyer, Joel R. Brown, Adrian Chappell, Brandon L. Edwards, Jeffrey E. Herrick, Jason W. Karl, John F. Leys, Loretta J. Metz, Stephen Smarik, John Tatarko, Justin W. Van Zee, Greg Zwicke

Ecology Center Publications

Wind erosion and blowing dust threaten food security, human health and ecosystem services across global drylands. Monitoring wind erosion is needed to inform management, with explicit monitoring objectives being critical for interpreting and translating monitoring information into management actions. Monitoring objectives should establish quantitative guidelines for determining the relationship of wind erosion indicators to management benchmarks that reflect tolerable erosion and dust production levels considering impacts to, for example, ecosystem processes, species, agricultural production systems and human well-being. Here we: 1) critically review indicators of wind erosion and blowing dust that are currently available to practitioners; and 2) describe approaches …

Early Anthropoid Femora Reveal Divergent Adaptive Trajectories In Catarrhine Hind-Limb Evolution, Sergio Almecija, Melissa Tallman, Hesham M. Sallam, John G. Fleagle, Ashley S. Hammond, Erik R. Seiffert

Peer Reviewed Articles

The divergence of crown catarrhines—i.e., the split of cercopithecoids (Old World monkeys) from hominoids (apes and humans)—is a poorly understood phase in our shared evolutionary history with other primates. The two groups differ in the anatomy of the hip joint, a pattern that has been linked to their locomotor strategies: relatively restricted motion in cercopithecoids vs. more eclectic movements in hominoids. Here we take advantage of the first well-preserved proximal femur of the early Oligocene stem catarrhine Aegyptopithecus to investigate the evolution of this anatomical region using 3D morphometric and phylogenetically-informed evolutionary analyses. Our analyses reveal that cercopithecoids and hominoids …

Temperature, Phenology, And Turf Macroalgae Drive Seascape Change: Connections To Mid-Trophic Level Species, Jennifer A. Dijkstra, Amber Litterer, Kristen Mello, Brandon S. O'Brien, Yuri Rzhanov

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Landscape patterns created by the structure and form of foundational species shape ecological processes of community assembly and trophic interactions. In recent years, major shifts in foundation species have occurred in multiple ecosystems. In temperate marine systems, many kelp beds have shifted to turf macroalgae habitats with unknown consequences on seascape patterns or changes in the ecological processes that maintain communities. We investigated the effect of turf macroalgae on seascape patterns in three habitats dominated by kelp and turf macroalgae and those that have mixed species composition. We also examined decadal elevations in temperature with known growth and reproductive phenology …

Changes In Ventricular Depolarisation Vectors During Exercise Caused By Regional Myocardial Ischaemia, Cameruddin Vellani, Satwat Hashmi, Sadia Mahmud, Mohammad Yusuf, Safia Awan, Khawar Kazmi

Section of Cardiology

Research at the Aga Khan University for several years has been directed to find a reliable, low-cost, portable, non-invasive method for identification of coronary artery disease, its location and extent. A new method has been devised to measure the magnitude and direction of cardiac electrical vectors in three perpendicular planes during physical exercise to identify reduction in myocardial excitability as the electrophysiological marker of hypoxia. This report shows that changes in electrical forces due to exercise-induced regional hypoxia serve as indicators of reversible myocardial ischaemia. Changes in the magnitude and direction of vectors at stages of the Bruce protocol were …

The Influence Of Infant Temperament On Maternal Sensitivity In Preterm Infants, Suzanne Vaccaro

Psychology ETDs

Infants who experience sensitive caregiving are at lower risk for numerous adverse outcomes. This is especially true for infants born preterm, leading them to be more susceptible to risks associated with poorer quality caregiving. Some research suggests that preterm and full term infants differ on in temperament, which may contribute to findings that caregivers of preterm infants are often found to display less sensitive responding to their infants. To investigate the associations between term status, infant temperament, and maternal behavior, videotaped play interactions and a measure of temperament, the Infant Behavior Questionnaire were coded for samples of preterm and full …

Author Correction: The Future Of Blue Carbon Science, Peter I. Macreadie, Andrea Anton, John A. Raven, Nicola Beaumont, Rod M. Connolly, Daniel A. Friess, Jeffrey J. Kelleway, Hilary Kennedy, Tomohiro Kuwae, Paul S. Lavery, Catherine E. Lovelock, Dan A. Smale, Eugenia T. Apostolaki, Trisha B. Atwood, Jeff Baldock, Thomas S. Bianchi, Gail L. Chmura, Bradley D. Eyre, James W. Fourqurean, Jason M. Hall-Spencer, Mark Huxham, Iris E. Hendriks, Dorte Krause-Jensen, Dan Laffoley, Tiziana Luisetti, Núria Marbà, Pere Masque, Karen J. Mcglathery, J. Patrick Megonigal, Daniel Murdiyarso, Bayden D. Russell, Rui Santos, Oscar Serrano, Brian R. Silliman, Kenta Watanabe, Carlos M. Duarte

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Marcia Thomas And The Legacy Of John Wesley Powell, Mary Cullen

Interviews for WGLT

Retired IWU Librarian Marcia Thomas on explorer John Wesley Powell, and the legacy of his 1869 Grand Canyon Expedition.

Memory-Like Inflammatory Responses Of Microglia To Rising Doses Of Lps: Key Role Of Pi3kγ, Trim Lajqi, Guang Ping Lang, Fabienne Haas, David L. Williams, Hannes Hudalla, Michael Bauer, Marco Groth, Reinhard Wetzker, Reinhard Bauer

ETSU Faculty Works

Trained immunity and immune tolerance have been identified as long-term response patterns of the innate immune system. The causes of these opposing reactions remain elusive. Here, we report about differential inflammatory responses of microglial cells derived from neonatal mouse brain to increasing doses of the endotoxin LPS. Prolonged priming with ultra-low LPS doses provokes trained immunity, i.e., increased production of pro-inflammatory mediators in comparison to the unprimed control. In contrast, priming with high doses of LPS induces immune tolerance, implying decreased production of inflammatory mediators and pronounced release of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Investigation of the signaling processes and cell functions involved …

Macrophage-Associated Wound Healing Contributes To African Green Monkey Siv Pathogenesis Control, Fredrik Barrenas, Kevin Raehtz, Cuiling Xu, Lynn Law, Richard R. Green, Guido Silvestri, Steven E. Bosinger, Andrew Nishida, Qingsheng Li, Wuxun Lu, Jianshui Zhang, Matthew J. Thomas, Jean Chang, Elise Smith, Jeffrey M. Weiss, Reem A. Dawoud, George H. Richter, Anita Trichel, Dongzhu Ma, Xinxia Peng, Jan Komorowski, Cristian Apetrei, Ivona Pandrea, Michael Gale Jr.

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Natural hosts of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) avoid AIDS despite lifelong infection. Here, we examined how this outcome is achieved by comparing a natural SIV host, African green monkey (AGM) to an AIDS susceptible species, rhesus macaque (RM). To asses gene expression profiles from acutely SIV infected AGMs and RMs, we developed a systems biology approach termed Conserved Gene Signature Analysis (CGSA), which compared RNA sequencing data from rectal AGM and RM tissues to various other species. We found that AGMs rapidly activate, and then maintain, evolutionarily conserved regenerative wound healing mechanisms in mucosal tissue. The wound healing protein fibronectin …

Metabolic Dynamics Of Developing Rice Seeds Under High Night-Time Temperature Stress, Balpreet K. Dhatt, Nathan Abshire, Puneet Paul, Kalani Hasanthika, Jaspreet Sandhu, Qi Zhang, Toshihiro Obata, Harkamal Walia

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

High temperature stress during rice reproductive development results in yield losses. Reduced grain yield and grain quality has been associated with high temperature stress, and specifically with high night-time temperatures (HNT). Characterizing the impact of HNT on the phenotypic and metabolic status of developing rice seeds can provide insights into the mechanisms involved in yield and quality decline. Here, we examined the impact of warmer nights on the morphology and metabolome during early seed development in six diverse rice accessions. Seed size was sensitive to HNT in four of the six genotypes, while seed fertility and seed weight were unaffected. …

Physicochemical Properties Of Blend Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) And Sodium Alginate Membranes For Potential Application In Wound Dressings, Martha Pieper

Mechanical Engineering Theses

Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and sodium alginate (SA) are water-soluble polymers with excellent biocompatibility suitable for biomedical applications in wound dressings. In this study, pure PVA, pure SA, and blends of PVA/SA membranes were solvent cast into films followed by crosslinking in CaCl₂, boric acid, and a mixture of CaCl₂/boric acid solutions for 5, 10, and 30 minutes. Initial feasibility studies showed a strong correlation of film thickness to the observed mechanical properties. Further studies in solvent casting of blend PVA/SA films, using various polymer concentrations, yielded better film appearance with minimal physical changes after crosslinking. …

Reaching Across The Pond: Global Collaboration To Enhance Teaching And Learning, Tasha Turner-Bicknell, Rachel M. Smith-Steinert, Erika Ota, Maki Umeda

Biennial Convention (CONV)

By creating global experiences that are based in genuine respect and intellectual curiosity, nurse faculty have the opportunity to model cultural competence and lead by example in our effort to develop nursing students as good global citizens.

Adolescent Identity Exploration And Civic Identity Development In A U.S. Government Classroom, Sarah Mead Denney

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

As technological advances provide minute-by-minute updates of current events and personalized media feeds push the boundaries of political polarization, the task of social studies educators to provide students with the tools to become effective citizens becomes increasingly important. Undergirded by theories of psychosocial identity development, civic identity development, and the promotion of identity exploration in the academic curriculum, this qualitative multiple case study attempts to examine the processes of adolescent identity exploration and civic identity development in relation to the assignments and activities in a twelfth-grade Advanced Placement (AP) U.S. Government classroom. Classroom observations, teacher and student interviews, and artifact …

November 8, 2019, The Daily Mississippian

Daily Mississippian (all digitized issues)

No abstract provided.

National Climate-Mitigation Policy: The Spatial Framing Of (In)Justice Claims, Ian Bailey

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

No abstract provided.

Dynamic Expression Of Slit1–3 And Robo1–2 In The Mouse Peripheral Nervous System After Injury, B Chen, L Carr, X-P Dun

Peninsula Medical School

The Slit family of axon guidance cues act as repulsive molecules for precise axon pathfinding and neuronal migration during nervous system development through interactions with specific Robo receptors. Although we previously reported that Slit1-3 and their receptors Robo1 and Robo2 are highly expressed in the adult mouse peripheral nervous system, how this expression changes after injury has not been well studied. Herein, we constructed a peripheral nerve injury mouse model by transecting the right sciatic nerve. At 14 days after injury, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect mRNA expression of Slit1-3 and Robo1-2 in L4-5 spinal cord …

Novel Biological Super-Luminescent Sensors For The Detection Of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Florencia Monge

Shared Knowledge Conference

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the 6th leading cause of death in the U.S. and the only disease in the top ten causes for which we have no treatment or cure. The cost of this disease is expected to rise over a trillion dollars over the next 30 years, it affects individuals and it is also a national healthcare crisis. This disease shares pathological hallmarks, protein aggregates, with other neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease and traumatic brain injuries. Proteins are an organism's micro-machinery for transport, defense, storage, and communication. However, in neurodegenerative diseases, the proteins malfunction, change shape, clump together …

Biomimetic Electrospun Films For Effective Radiative Cooling Under Sunlight, Bokyung Park, In Chul Um, Sang M. Han, Sang Eon Han

Shared Knowledge Conference

We demonstrate that natural silk can be restructured by electrospinning into nanoscale morphology mimicking white beetle scales for enhanced radiative cooling. While natural silk cocoons exhibit strong broadband light scattering by Anderson localization, for exceptionally strong scattering, white beetle scales rely on different physics that remains largely unclear. By electrospinning regenerated silk, we create silk films where the fibers are a quarter micron in mean diameter and randomly oriented in the plane directions, similar to white beetle scale structures. Relative to raw silk films, the restructured silk films substantially increase optical scattering strength in the visible spectrum and emissivity in …

Simulation Of Tethered One-Legged Molecular Walkers On Independent 1-D Tracks, David Arredondo, Darko Stefanovic

Shared Knowledge Conference

We study the motion of random walkers with residence time bias between first and subsequent visits to a site, as a model for synthetic molecular walkers based on catalytic DNA known as molecular spiders [3, 2, 1, 5]. Previous studies have discovered exceptionally long superdiffusive transients, which would be relevant in experiments and applications. The mechanism of the transient superdiffusion was explained via the emergence of a boundary between the new and the previously visited sites, and the tendency of the multi-legged spider to cling to this boundary, provided there is a residence time bias between the first and the …

Novel Methods For Measuring Drought Stress Of Crops In The Field, Kaitlyn Read, Patrick Hudson, Philip Miller, David Hanson

Shared Knowledge Conference

There is currently no available method for land managers to directly and non-destructively measure the water status of plants in the field. Water status of a plant effects plant growth and function and contributes to end-of-season crop yield. We have developed wearable, minimally invasive microneedle sensors that can be precisely placed in leaves of crops, to be used as electrodes for electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). EIS measures the passive electrical properties (magnitude and phase shift of impedance) of the leaf. EIS can be used to model biologic tissue as an electrical circuit, where ions in the intra- and extracellular fluid …

Multi-Systemic Heart, Kidney, And Liver Disease Induced By Gadolinium-Based Contrast Treatment, Joshua Deaguero, G. Patricia Escobar, Xochitil Trejo, Tamara Howard, Adrian Brearly, Brent Wagner

Shared Knowledge Conference

Introduction: Gadolinium-based contrast agents have revolutionized clinical imaging. Conversely, there is growing concern of the overall safety of these agents. Once administered there is long-term retention of gadolinium in tissues. The long-term biologic impact of gadolinium retention is if monumental concern to patients and drug-regulating administrations. Methods: Our research team was the first to establish a rodent model of iatrogenic systemic fibrosis using chimeric mice. Wild-type C57/BL6 mice were randomized by sex and weight into contrast treatment (2.5 mmol/kg intraperitoneally, 20 doses over 4 weeks) or untreated groups. Ultrasound (Vevo 3100, FujiFilm VisualSonics) was performed several days-post final contrast treatment. …

Sex-Specific Survival And Tumor Mutational Burden In Early Stage Melanoma, Matthew Schwartz, Li Luo, Sara Niedbalski, Arshi Arora, Ronglai Shen, Marianne Berwick

Shared Knowledge Conference

Introduction Tumor mutational burden (TMB) is a promising biomarker of clinical response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic cancers, and melanoma-specific survival. There are also significant gender-specific differences in TMB with men having consistently higher TMB than women. This relationship is provocative given the well-documented female melanoma survival advantage, and has not been investigated in early-stage primary tumors naïve to treatment. Approach Here we present preliminary findings on sex, survival, and tumor mutational burden from Stages II and III primary melanoma tumors, none of which have received immunotherapy using the MSK IMPACT™ next generation sequencing assay. Our team evaluated survival …

Modeling Mastitis Reveals Relative Impact Of (A)Symptomatic Infectivity, O. Liota Weinbaum, Helen J. Wearing

Shared Knowledge Conference

Despite widespread compliance with control recommendations, chronic infectious disease remains problematic in animal agriculture. Efforts to disrupt transmission target symptomatic individuals, but disease persists at the population level. Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in dairy cows is a painful inflammation of the udder that reduces milk volume and quality. The popularly targeted transmission mechanism is contact between the milk of symptomatic cows and the udders of susceptible cows via milking equipment. A common control practice is to milk symptomatic cows last, known as the Milk Last Intervention (MLI). However, asymptomatic cows are also infectious. We suspect that they play an important role …

Climatic Niches Of Desert Plant Phenology, Alesia Hallmark, Jade Mclaughlin, Jenn Rudgers

Shared Knowledge Conference

Plant phenology - the timing of important life events such as leaf growth or reproduction - can be cued by many abiotic factors. In aridlands, plant growth and reproduction may be controlled by photoperiod, stochastic rain events, or temperature. Variation in these environmental variables may lead some species to "boom" in good years or fail to grow or reproduce in extreme seasons or years, especially in aridlands. Here, we leverage plant phenology and biomass datasets to study the intra- and interannual variation in flowering communities at three semi-arid biomes. We relate indices such as diversity, abundance, and synchronicity to site-specific …