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Structural And Functional Analysis Of Three Upregulated Gene Products, Tde0626, Tde1701, And Tde2714 From Treponema Denticola During Biofilm Formation, Jonah Nechacov

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The progression of human chronic periodontitis within periodontal disease has been often linked to the presence of key pathogens, such as the presence of Treponema denticola, a late colonizer found in the deepening pockets of the gingival sulcus. This pathogen, as well as its associates Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia, are classified as the ‘red complex’ and exist in a mixed biofilm during infection. It is within this biofilm state that previous transcriptomic analysis revealed a total of 126 genes that had an increase in their expression by 1.5-fold or greater in T. denticola. Three of these …

Going Back To The Soil: An Integrated Approach To Farming., Renée V. Christie

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Agricultural productivity is often constrained by nutrient availability; as such, copious amounts of synthetic fertilizers are applied to maintain productivity. However, the intensive use of synthetic fertilizers has reduced the capacity of the soil to carry out crucial roles such as nutrient cycling because of shifts in the microbial community composition and structure. In addition, much of the applied synthetic fertilizers become lost to the environment through run-off, which contributes to soil degradation. With the increasing demand on agricultural systems to provide food and fibre and the adverse impacts of agricultural production on the soil resource, amendments that support soil …

Riparian Zone Soil Microbial Community Dynamics: Interactions With Nutrient Loadings, James Bannister

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Riparian zones are a type of wetland described as the interface between land and a body of water such as a river or stream. Riparian zones are effective buffers against anthropogenic pollutants and nutrient loads from non-point sources that can greatly diminish water quality. Riparian zones can host a variety of plant species and associated microbial communities. The combined biological processes of plants, bacteria, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are key to nutrient cycling and nutrient removal in riparian zones. As such, understanding the factors that influence them is critical for watershed management. This research is targeted at obtaining a …

In The News, Jason Matthews, Joe N. Caudell

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Items in the news.

Human–Wildlife Interactions: 2019 In Review, Terry A. Messmer

Human–Wildlife Interactions

This is the Letter from the Editor.

Berryman Institute Professional And Program Awards, Terry Messmer

Human–Wildlife Interactions

The Berryman Institute (BI) is a national organization based in the Department of Wildland Resources at Utah State University. We are dedicated to improving human–wildlife relationships and resolving human–wildlife conflicts through teaching, research, and extension.

Table Of Contents

Human–Wildlife Interactions

This is the table of contents.

Comparing Live-Capture Methods For Nutria: Single- Versus Multiple-Capture Cage Traps, Trevor R. Sheffels, Jacoby Carter, Mark D. Sytsma, Jimmy D. Taylor

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Herbivory and burrowing by nutria (Myocastor coypus) cause substantial ecological and economic damage. Trapping is a common, effective practice for reducing nutria damage; however, trapping approaches must continually be adapted to keep pace with evolving animal welfare and ethical issues and to more effectively target pest species of interest. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of 2 nonlethal trap types for nutria: single-capture (SCT) and multi-capture (MCT) cage traps. We established 3 MCTs and 3 SCTs at each of 7 sites on a 10,500-ha mixed-use island located 15 km northwest of Portland, Oregon, USA. We pre-baited using …

Donations, Orders, Email List

Human–Wildlife Interactions

This is the information about donations, orders, and the email list.

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Human–Wildlife Interactions

How to join the email list for HWI. Be the first to know about our newest publications.

New Associate Editors, Dwayne Elmore, David K. Dahlgren

Human–Wildlife Interactions

New associate editors are Dwayne Elmore and David Dahlgren.

Dwayne Elmore is a professor, wildlife extension specialist, and Bollenbach Chair in wildlife biology in the Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management at Oklahoma State University. Specific areas of interest include wildlife habitat relationships, Galliform ecology and management, and thermal ecology. Current research projects are focused on how management and human activity affect various species of grouse and quail. He works with stakeholder groups including private landowners, NGOs, U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Department of the Interior, and multiple state wildlife agencies to provide technical assistance on land management issues. …

Support The Mission Of The Jack H. Berryman Institute

Human–Wildlife Interactions

How you can support the mission of the Jack H. Berryman Institute, and help advance the Human-Wildlife Interactions journal.

Book Review: Ecology And Management Of Terrestrial Vertebrate Invasive Species In The United States, Lucian R. Mcdonald

Human–Wildlife Interactions

This is a book review of Ecology and Management of Terrestrial Vertebrate Invasive Species in the United States.

Comparison Of Conservation Policy Benefits For An Umbrella And Related Sagebrush-Obligate Species, Jonathan B. Dinkins, Jeffrey L. Beck

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Many conservation strategies promote the potential of multiple species benefitting from protection of large areas necessary for the continued viability of 1 species. One prominent strategy in western North America is Wyoming’s Sage-grouse Core Area Policy, which was designed to conserve greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; hereafter, sage-grouse) breeding habitat, but may also serve as an umbrella to conserve other sagebrush (Artemisia spp.)-obligate wildlife, including songbirds. Sagebrush-obligate songbirds and sage-grouse have undergone population declines throughout the western United States attributed to similar habitat issues. We compared trends of sagebrush-obligate songbirds from the Breeding Bird Survey and sage-grouse lek …

Train–Elephant Collisions In A Biodiversity-Rich Landscape: A Case Study From Rajaji National Park, North India, Ritesh Joshi, Kanchan Puri

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Linear developments like railways and highways have a negative impact on ecological processes of wildlife species at a landscape level. The impacts in terms of wildlife mortality and threat to surviving populations of species have been well-studied; however, less work has been done to understand the potential causes of train–wildlife collisions, particularly large mega-fauna such as Asian elephants (Elephas maximus; elephant). In this case study, we review train–elephant collisions (TECs) that occurred in Rajaji National Park (RNP) and discuss some potential causes of TECs along with mitigation measures. The RNP, located in the upper Gangetic plains of northern …

Cost–Benefit Analysis Of Coyote Removal As A Management Option In Texas Cattle Ranching, R. Kyle Brewster, Scott E. Henke, Benjamin L. Turner, John M. Tomeček, Alfonso Ortega-S.

Human–Wildlife Interactions

The monetary value of livestock losses attributed to coyote (Canis latrans) predation in North America has increased during the past 20 years. In Texas, USA alone in 2011, these loses were estimated at $6.9 million. To mitigate coyote-related livestock losses, several lethal and nonlethal control methods have been developed. However, there remains a need for better information to guide management decisions regarding cost-effective predator control strategies for livestock production systems. We acquired data, which was used in the model, from published literature from 1960 to present day, subject matter experts, and anecdotal information on coyote ecology. We developed …

New Associate Editor, Francesco M. Angelici

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Francesco M. Angelici, Ph.D., currently works in the areas of behavioral ecology, wildlife management, zoogeography, and mammal systematic and conservation studies, particularly concerning carnivores, lagomorphs, and ungulates. His other fields of research are ornithology (Falconiformes, Passeriformes, and Strigiformes) and herpetology (ecology of snakes). He studies Mediterranean and tropical fauna, with particular reference to the conservation of vertebrates. He also works in the areas of planning and environmental conservation. He has planned 3 international congresses on “Problematic Wildlife,” and he is editor of 2 books published by Springer (one in press) on the same topic. He currently works also as a …

Estimating Waterbird Abundance On Catfish Aquaculture Ponds Using An Unmanned Aerial System, Paul C. Burr, Sathishkumar Samiappan, Lee A. Hathcock, Robert J. Moorhead, Brian S. Dorr

Human–Wildlife Interactions

In this study, we examined the use of an unmanned aerial system (UAS) to monitor fish-eating birds on catfish (Ictalurus spp.) aquaculture facilities in Mississippi, USA. We tested 2 automated computer algorithms to identify bird species using mosaicked imagery taken from a UAS platform. One algorithm identified birds based on color alone (color segmentation), and the other algorithm used shape recognition (template matching), and the results of each algorithm were compared directly to manual counts of the same imagery. We captured digital imagery of great egrets (Ardea alba), great blue herons (A. herodias), …

European Starlings Fly Before They Fledge, Jeremiah L. Psiropoulos, Lisa A. Selner

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Aircraft bird strikes are increasing globally. Bird strikes constitute a major human health and safety risk and result in millions of dollars in economic impacts. Invasive avian species, such as the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris; starlings), have been implicated in bird strikes in North America. Because this species is highly adaptive and has been successful at establishing in new areas, such as airports, it is essential that managers better understand the potential risks and how to mitigate them. Herein we present a case study regarding a novel observation of unique starling nesting behavior that may pose a risk …

The Changing Role Of Rodenticides And Their Alternatives In The Management Of Commensal Rodents, Gary W. Witmer

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Rodents cause substantial damage and losses of foodstuffs around the world. They also transmit many diseases to humans and livestock. While various methods are used to reduce damage caused by rodents, rodenticides remain an important tool in the toolbox. However, like all tools, rodenticides have advantages and disadvantages. Several considerations are shaping the future of rodenticide use, including manufacturing and registration costs, concern about toxicity levels and nontarget animal hazards, potential hazards to children, reduced effectiveness of some formulations, and humaneness to the targeted rodents. Many of these disadvantages apply to anticoagulant rodenticides, and their use is being more restricted …

Assessing Individual And Population-Level Effects Of Anticoagulant Rodenticides On Wildlife, Niamh Quinn

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Anticoagulant rodenticides have been detected in many species of wildlife worldwide. However, the origins, exposure pathways, and effects of this exposure are not well understood. To accurately characterize the risks to wildlife from rodenticide use, better information is needed regarding the proportion of populations being exposed, what proportion of individuals in populations are affected, and in what ways. The relationship between anticoagulant rodenticide concentrations found in wildlife and the rate of mortality or illness have been the subjects of much research. Residue levels observed in liver and whole-body analyses vary and overlap extensively among apparently healthy asymptomatic individuals and sublethal …

Harnessing Population Genetics For Pest Management: Theory And Application For Urban Rats, Matthew Combs, Kaylee Byers, Chelsea Himsworth, Jason Munshi-South

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Effective management of rodent pests requires an ecological understanding of how they move through their environment and how those movements influence the invasion, persistence, or reinvasion of problematic colonies. Traditional methodologies used to describe rodent movement patterns, such as mark-recapture, are hindered by their time-consuming nature and limited geographic scope. As such, our understanding of how rodents interact with urban environments remains limited. Population genetic principles and tools have the capacity to greatly increase our understanding of rodent population dynamics, ecological relationships, and movements across space, but this field is often unapproachable to non-scientist pest management professionals (PMPs). In this …

Cover, Editorial Staff, Journal Information

Human–Wildlife Interactions

This includes the cover, editorial staff, and journal information.

Excavations At The Seila Pyramid And Ritual Ramifications, Kerry Muhlestein

Faculty Publications

In modern times it was not apparent that the structure many travelers had seen atop the remote escarpment in Gebel El-Rus was actually a pyramid. Before its excavation it was locally known as el-Qalah, meaning “the fortress,” though it has since come to be called Harem Seila, or the Seila Pyramid. Even before excavation it could be easily seen as far away as Hawara when the air was clear. Though it stood six miles straight west of the Meidum Pyramid, there was nothing about the visible square covered in aeolian sand that would make explorers or archaeologists think it was …

Y2O3 Optical Constants Between 5 Nm And 50 Nm, Joseph B. Muhlestein, Benjamin D. Smith, Margaret Miles, Stephanie M. Thomas, Anthony Willey, David D. Allred, R. Steven Turley

Faculty Publications

We report optical constants of e-beam evaporated yttrium oxide Y₂O₃ thin films as determined from angle-dependent reflectance measurements at wavelengths from 5 to 50 nm. Samples were measured using synchrotron radiation at the Advanced Light Source. The experimental reflectance data were fit to obtain values for the index of refraction and thin film roughness. We compare our computed constants with those of previous researchers and those computed using the independent atom approximation from the CXRO website. We found that the index of refraction near 36 nm is much lower than previous data from Tomiki as reported by …

Redmond (2002) Revisited: Have Standardized Behavioral Rating Scales Gotten Better At Accommodating For Overlapping Symptoms With Language Impairment?, Kirsten M. Hannig, Sean M. Redmond, Amy Wilder

Faculty Publications

Seventeen years ago, Redmond ¹ reviewed five standardized behavioral rating scales and identified several aspects of their design that made them prone to mischaracterize language impairments as socioemotional behavioral disorders. The purpose of this report is to provide an update and extension of the original audit. We consulted test manuals to evaluate: (1) representation of children with language impairments in their standardization samples; (2) presence of language, or academic items within their inventories; (3) accommodations for administering the measure to children with language impairments; and (4) procedures for identifying inordinately punitive ratings. Overlapping language and academic symptoms continued to be …

Dealing With The Effects Of Ocean Acidification On Coral Reefs In The Indian Ocean And Asia, Vicky W.Y. Lam, Suchana Chavanich, Salpie Djoundourian, Sam Dupont, Françoise Gaill, Guillaume Holzer, Kirsten Isensee, Stephen Katua, Frank Mars, Marc Metian, Jason M. Hall-Spencer

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

© 2019 Elsevier B.V. Shallow coral reefs provide food, income, well-being and coastal protection to countries around the Indian Ocean and Asia. These reefs are under threat due to many anthropogenic stressors including pollution, sedimentation, overfishing, sea surface warming and habitat destruction. Ocean acidification interacts with these factors to exacerbate stress on coral reefs. Effective solutions in tackling the impact of ocean acidification require a thorough understanding of the current adaptive capacity of each nation to deal with the consequences. Here, we aim to help the decision-making process for policy makers in dealing with these future challenges at the regional …

Using Case-Method Pedagogy To Facilitate Audience Awareness, Vincent D. Robles

Faculty Publications

Introduction: Technical and professional communication (TPC) instructors value audience awareness, using peer- and client-based projects to facilitate it. We explore how students’ audience awareness is facilitated by the case method, which presents students with a professional communication task within a workplace scenario.

Situating the case: Case-method research suggests including a detailed audience and situation, multiple genres, and multimedia. Few studies have explored how case materials facilitate students’ audience awareness.

About the case: A 12-week case that was consistent with case-method research asked students to respond to an engineering firm’s internal problem with a proposal and report. How the case was …

Naxdmutations Cause A Novel Neurodegenerative Disorder Exacerbated By Febrile Illnesses, Bergen Nj Van, Y Guo, J Rankin, N Paczia, J Becker-Kettern, Ls Kremer, A Pyle, J Conrotte, Cj Ellaway, P Procopis, K Prelog, T Homfray, J Baptista, E Baple, M Wakeling, S Massey, Dp Kay, A Shukla, Km Girisha, Les Lewis, Sd Santra, R Power, P Daubeney, J Montoya, E Ruiz-Pesini, R Kovacs-Nagy, M Pritsch, U Ahting, Dr Thorburn, H Prokisch, R Taylor, J Christodoulou, C Linster, S Ellard, H Hakonarson

Peninsula Medical School

Physical stress, including high temperatures, may damage the central metabolic nicotinamide nucleotide cofactors [NAD(P)H], generating toxic derivatives [NAD(P)HX]. The highly conserved enzyme NAD(P)HX dehydratase (NAXD) is essential for intracellular repair of NAD(P)HX. Here we present a series of infants and children who suffered episodes of febrile illness-induced neurodegeneration or cardiac failure and early death. Whole-exome or whole-genome sequencing identified recessive NAXD variants in each case. Variants were predicted to be potentially deleterious through in silico analysis. Reverse-transcription PCR confirmed altered splicing in one case. Subject fibroblasts showed highly elevated concentrations of the damaged cofactors SNADHX, R-NADHX and cyclic NADHX. NADHX …

Gravel Beach Cross- And Alongshore Response To An Extreme Event: Beach Length And Headland Proximity Controls, Rj Mccarroll, G Masselink, M Wiggins, Tim Scott, O Billson, D Conley

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Gravel beach morphologic change is a function of combined cross- and alongshore transport. At present, numerical methods deal with these processes separately. We present observations from Start Bay, UK, of extreme storm response and recovery, across five gravel subembayments (lengths 250 m to 5 km). An easterly storm sequence in Feb-Mar 2018 forced massive alongshore transport (rotation and headland bypassing) and cross-shore transport including erosion of the barrier, destruction of barrier-crest roads, and distribution of material offshore. We demonstrate that profile response is a function of embayment length and headland proximity, such that: (i) pocket embayments (~250 m) experience a …