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2019

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Assessment Of Pseudo-Continuous Arterial Spin Labeling (Pcasl) Inter-Session Reliability In The Quantification Of Cerebral Perfusion, Mohammad Ahmad Awad Jan 2019

Assessment Of Pseudo-Continuous Arterial Spin Labeling (Pcasl) Inter-Session Reliability In The Quantification Of Cerebral Perfusion, Mohammad Ahmad Awad

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Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique used for measuring cerebral blood flow (CBF) in a completely non-ionizing and non invasive fashion. ASL is useful in perfusion studies on healthy adult & pediatric subjects, individuals who need multiple follow-ups, and patients with varying cerebrovascular diseases where changes in CBF can be used as an indicator of tissue viability. We used a variation of the ASL technique known as pseudo-continuous ASL (pCASL). This form of ASL is the clinical standard (Alsop et al., 2015). However, it is not well documented the that pCASL is reliable between sessions …

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Deposition Of Nanoparticles Or Thin Films Via Magnetron Sputtering Towards Graphene Surface Functionalization And Device Fabrication, Bridget Jul Larson Jan 2019

Deposition Of Nanoparticles Or Thin Films Via Magnetron Sputtering Towards Graphene Surface Functionalization And Device Fabrication, Bridget Jul Larson

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Graphene, a 2-dimensional single layer of carbon, has high carrier mobility, strength and electrical conductivity. Due to the absence of a band gap and chemical reactivity, pristine graphene has less competitiveness in semiconductors and sensors. Functionalizing graphene is imperative in the development of advanced applications. Among various wet chemical or physical vapor deposition, magnetron sputtering is cost-effective, minimum maintenance, user-friendly, and can be used to rapidly deposit nano-particulates or thin films with less contaminations on any substrates surface. This study is to investigate the morphology evolution of the deposited films using magnetron sputtering and to find appropriate conditions for nanoparticulate …

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Misdiagnosing Borderline Personality Disorder: Does Setting Bias And Gender Bias Influence Diagnostic Decision-Making?, Gillian Christina Larue Jan 2019

Misdiagnosing Borderline Personality Disorder: Does Setting Bias And Gender Bias Influence Diagnostic Decision-Making?, Gillian Christina Larue

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Inaccurate diagnoses due to clinician bias may lead to the facilitation of inappropriate mental health treatment and poor prognosis for treating clients presenting concern, as the cause of the disordered behaviors that led to their incarceration are not being addressed. The current study sought to determine whether clinician gender bias and clinician setting bias affects the diagnosis of Antisocial Personality Disorder and Borderline Personality Disorder amongst clients in correctional settings. Determining whether bias affects diagnosis of these disorders amongst clients in correctional settings is important in order to assure clients are receiving appropriate mental health treatment. Incarcerated individuals who receive …

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Computational Simulation Of A Femoral Nail Fracture, Stephen Charles Whatley Jan 2019

Computational Simulation Of A Femoral Nail Fracture, Stephen Charles Whatley

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Every year in the United States roughly 300,000 people over the age of 65 suffer from a hip fracture. Ninety five percent of which are the result from a fall. The resulting hip fracture can be classified into several categories of fracture. Depending on the damage the patient could be implanted with a femoral nail device to assist in their recovery. These devices can, however, have complications during recovery. In some cases, these nails can have a failure rate as high as 10%. When failure occurs, extensive investigations are needed to determine the causes of failure. These investigations involve physical …

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Ammonium Cycling And Nitrifier Community Composition In Eutrophic Waters Affected By Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms, Justyna J. Hampel Jan 2019

Ammonium Cycling And Nitrifier Community Composition In Eutrophic Waters Affected By Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms, Justyna J. Hampel

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Non-point source nitrogen (N) from agriculture is a main driver of eutrophication in aquatic systems, which often manifests as toxin producing cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs). Non-N2 fixing cyanobacteria, such as Microcystis, thrive on chemically reduced N forms (e.g., ammonium (NH4+) and urea) used as the main N form in fertilizer. NH4+ turnover rates are important components of the aquatic N cycle in eutrophic lakes affected by cyanoHABs. Regeneration of NH4+ can contribute to the internal cycling of NH4+, which can sustain cyanoHABs when external loads are low. Additionally, NH4+ uptake by cyanobacteria competes directly with nitrification, another important pathway …

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A Model To Optimize Major Trauma Network Considering Patient Safety, Monit D. Vaishnav Jan 2019

A Model To Optimize Major Trauma Network Considering Patient Safety, Monit D. Vaishnav

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Trauma is any physical injury that has the potential to cause prolonged disability and death if the appropriate level of care is not administered in a timely fashion. Existing approaches in the literature and by the American College of Surgeons (ACS) to optimize the network of trauma centers are limiting. To address this challenge, we introduce the Trauma Network Design Problem, a bi-objective mathematical model that aims at determining the optimal trauma network by minimizing the weighted sum of mistriages. We use the trauma network data from 2012 for the state of Ohio to illustrate the use of our approach …

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Effect Of Hybrid/Complex N-Glycosylation On Cardiac Voltage-Gated Ion Channel Expression, Austin R. Parrish Jan 2019

Effect Of Hybrid/Complex N-Glycosylation On Cardiac Voltage-Gated Ion Channel Expression, Austin R. Parrish

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Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one the most common forms of heart failure, with the majority of cases being idiopathic. Dr. Bennett’s laboratory previously showed that deletion of the Mgat1 gene in cardiomyocytes only (Mgat1KO) is sufficient to cause DCM leading to heart failure and early death. The Mgat1 gene product, GlcNAcT1, is responsible for initiating the formation of hybrid/complex N-glycosylation. These data suggest a link between abnormal glycosylation and heart disease; however, there is a mystery of how the specific changes in glycosylation contribute to heart disease etiology and progression. The proper function and gating of voltage-gated Na+ channels (Nav) …

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The Response Of M0, M1, And M2 Raw246.7 Macrophage Cell Line To Hsv-1 Infection In Vitro, Amani Mohammed Alhazmi Jan 2019

The Response Of M0, M1, And M2 Raw246.7 Macrophage Cell Line To Hsv-1 Infection In Vitro, Amani Mohammed Alhazmi

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Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) infection occurs through the epithelial cells of the skin or mucous membranes. The beginning of the primary infection is rapid and is characterized by pain in the mouth, salivation, and submandibular lymphadenitis. The infected mucosa produces numerous, small and red lesions known as cold sores, however, many cases are asymptomatic. After the primary infection HSV-1 moves through the nerve to stay in trigeminal ganglia and to cause a recurrent infection from time to time. In the early hours of the HSV-1 infection, the cytokines produced by infected cells are critical in the stimulation of …

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The Effects Of Socs1 And Socs3 Peptide Mimetics On Macrophage Phagocytosis Of Malignant Cells, Tahirah M. Madkhali Jan 2019

The Effects Of Socs1 And Socs3 Peptide Mimetics On Macrophage Phagocytosis Of Malignant Cells, Tahirah M. Madkhali

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Macrophages are essential phagocytic cells involved in both innate and adaptive immune systems and play vital roles in the host defense and inflammation. Macrophages have a remarkably high capacity to clear unnecessary cellular materials in interstitial environment through a process called “phagocytosis”, which is affected by many factors including suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS). SOCSs are a group of intracellular proteins that downregulate the cytokine signals involved in various JAK/STAT pathways through a negative feedback loop. This study focuses on investigating the effects of SOCS1 and SOCS3 on the phagocytic ability of RAW 264.7 macrophages polarized into M2a with IL-4/IL-13 …

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Recognition Of Incomplete Objects Based On Synthesis Of Views Using A Geometric Based Local-Global Graphs, Michael Christopher Robbeloth Jan 2019

Recognition Of Incomplete Objects Based On Synthesis Of Views Using A Geometric Based Local-Global Graphs, Michael Christopher Robbeloth

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The recognition of single objects is an old research field with many techniques and robust results. The probabilistic recognition of incomplete objects, however, remains an active field with challenging issues associated to shadows, illumination and other visual characteristics. With object incompleteness, we mean missing parts of a known object and not low-resolution images of that object. The employment of various single machine-learning methodologies for accurate classification of the incomplete objects did not provide a robust answer to the challenging problem. In this dissertation, we present a suite of high-level, model-based computer vision techniques encompassing both geometric and machine learning approaches …

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∆Np63Α Positively Regulates Erk3 Expression In Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer, Eid Salem Alshammari Jan 2019

∆Np63Α Positively Regulates Erk3 Expression In Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer, Eid Salem Alshammari

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Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is a group of skin cancer that includes basal cell carcinoma of the skin (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma of the skin (SCC), actinic keratoses, a precursor to SCC, and other rare cutaneous carcinomas. p63, a member of the p53 gene family, is an important regulator for epithelial tissue growth and development. ∆Np63α, a main isoform of p63, is highly expressed in NMSC and plays essential roles in NMSCs development. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 3 (ERK3) is an atypical member of the MAPK family. It possesses a single phosphorylation site (serine 189) in its activation loop, which makes …

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Exploring Two-Dimensional Graphene And Silicene In Digital And Rf Applications, Zhonghang Ji Jan 2019

Exploring Two-Dimensional Graphene And Silicene In Digital And Rf Applications, Zhonghang Ji

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Since the discovery of graphene, two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted intensive interests in the past 15 years and there has been a growing interest in exploring new materials beyond graphene, such as silicene, germanene, etc. Numerous papers have been published to demonstrate their extraordinary electronic, optical, biological, and thermal properties which render broad applications in various fields. However, the absence of band gap in graphene and silicene prohibits their uses in digital applications. This dissertation reviews recent progress on band gap opening based on mono- and bi- layer silicene and presents a new silicon atomic structure which exhibits a 0.17 …

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A Graphene/Rf Gas Sensor, Kathleen Louise Brockdorf Jan 2019

A Graphene/Rf Gas Sensor, Kathleen Louise Brockdorf

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Toxic chemicals have been used as chemical warfare agents since ancient times, but World War 1 saw the beginning of modern chemical proliferation. There are many methods of detecting these agents, but the combination of high sensitivity, specificity, fast response, and small form factor is difficult to achieve. More recently, graphene has been identified as a possible sensing material for ammonia and other substances. This research documents a novel method of using graphene as a chemical sensor, utilizing a radio-frequency approach to sensing. This approach utilizes all available information from the material, such as permittivity and conductivity, instead of simply …

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Silver Nanoparticles: An Effective Antibacterial Agent Against Gram-Negative Bacteria, Ashley M. Wilcox Jan 2019

Silver Nanoparticles: An Effective Antibacterial Agent Against Gram-Negative Bacteria, Ashley M. Wilcox

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A fourth of the world’s population lack access to safe water, thus the need for a more effective water treatment is imperative. Interest in silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has grown in the last decade. Unlike chlorine, AgNPs do not form disinfection by products (DBPs), making them a prime candidate for drinking water treatment. The main aim of this study was to compare the antibacterial activity of electrochemical silver nanoparticles (eAgNPs-f) of ~5 nm in diameter against well-established pathogens: Escherichia coli (E. coli), Klebsiella variicola (K. variicola), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) to chlorine and Ag+ for drinking water. This was achieved …

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Preparation And Characterization Of Porous Pdms For Printed Electronics, Eyad Khalid M. Balbaid Jan 2019

Preparation And Characterization Of Porous Pdms For Printed Electronics, Eyad Khalid M. Balbaid

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Fabricating an elastomeric substrate with internal features could provide a novel structure with distinctive mechanical properties that allow them to stretch, bend and absorb the impact force. To date, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a great candidate as a substrate for flexible electronic applications, due to easy fabrication, high stability and low cost. In the current thesis, porous PDMS samples are fabricated and characterized based on the particle size and the fusion of salt and sugar treated micro-regions. The liquid PDMS is prepared by mixing the silicon elastomer base (Sylgard 184) and elastomer curing agent using volume ration 10:1. The salt and …

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Chondroitin Sulfate Hydrogels For Total Wound Care Devices, Tushar Goswami Jan 2019

Chondroitin Sulfate Hydrogels For Total Wound Care Devices, Tushar Goswami

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Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a naturally occurring bio-polymer found in areas of high cartilage in mammals. In directed applications, such as hydrogels, CS can be used to impact keratinocyte growth cycles. In this work, CS based hydrogels were utilized to accelerate wound healing and, in conjunction with a graphene sensor, monitor wound fluid pH. The hydrogels were cast onto a graphene field effect transistor (GFET) to obtain the benefits of the hydrogel wound healing capabilities, while also utilizing the pH sensitivity of the graphene. Results showed that the hydrogel caused a fivefold increase in cell size over the course of …

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Characterizing Basal-Like Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Gene Expression Analysis: A Data Mining Approach, Qamar Alsabi Jan 2019

Characterizing Basal-Like Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Gene Expression Analysis: A Data Mining Approach, Qamar Alsabi

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Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by the absence of expression of the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Therefore, TNBC is unresponsive to targeted hormonal therapies, which limits treatment options to nonselective chemotherapeutic agents. Basal-like breast cancers (BLBCs) represent a subset of about 70% of TNBCs, more frequently affecting younger patients, being more prevalent in African-American women and significantly more aggressive than tumors of other molecular subtypes, with high rates of proliferation and extremely poor clinical outcomes. Proper classification of BLBCs using current pathological tools has been a major challenge. Although TNBCs have …

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Identification Of A Hybrid Lethal Gene On The X Chromosome Of Caenorhabditis Briggsae, John Kelly Dougherty Jan 2019

Identification Of A Hybrid Lethal Gene On The X Chromosome Of Caenorhabditis Briggsae, John Kelly Dougherty

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Two closely related Caenorhabditis species, C. briggsae and C. nigoni are cross fertile and produce viable adult progeny. From C. nigoni mothers, F1 adult females are viable and fertile, F1 males are viable but sterile. In crosses that utilize C. nigoni males and C. briggsae hermaphrodites produce viable adult F1 females but F1 males arrest during embryogenesis. A mutation in the Cbr-him-8 gene is a recessive maternal-effect suppressor of male-specific lethality. Hybrid crosses with cbr-him-8 mutant mothers produce viable adult male progeny. The HIM-8 protein in C. elegans is required for the pairing of X-chromosomes during meiosis. This function is …

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Data-Driven And Knowledge-Based Strategies For Realizing Crowd Wisdom On Social Media, Shreyansh Bhatt Jan 2019

Data-Driven And Knowledge-Based Strategies For Realizing Crowd Wisdom On Social Media, Shreyansh Bhatt

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The wisdom of the crowd is a well-known example of collective intelligence wherein an aggregated judgment of a group of individuals is superior to that of an individual. The aggregated judgment is surprisingly accurate for predicting the outcome of a range of tasks from geopolitical forecasting to the stock price prediction. Recent research has shown that participants' previous performance data contributes to the identification of a subset of participants that can collectively predict an accurate outcome. In the absence of such performance data, researchers have explored the role of human-perceived diversity, i.e., whether a human considers a crowd as a …

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Phylogenetic, Genomic, And Biogeographic Characterization Of Anovel And Ubiquitous Marine Invertebrate-Associated Rickettsiales Parasite,Candidatus Aquarickettsia Rohweri, Gen. Nov., Sp. Nov, J. Grace Klinges, Stephanie M. Rosales, Ryan Mcminds, Koty H. Sharp Jan 2019

Phylogenetic, Genomic, And Biogeographic Characterization Of Anovel And Ubiquitous Marine Invertebrate-Associated Rickettsiales Parasite,Candidatus Aquarickettsia Rohweri, Gen. Nov., Sp. Nov, J. Grace Klinges, Stephanie M. Rosales, Ryan Mcminds, Koty H. Sharp

Arts & Sciences Faculty Publications

Bacterial symbionts are integral to the health and homeostasis of invertebrate hosts. Notably, members of the Rickettsiales genus Wolbachia influence several aspects of the fitness and evolution of their terrestrial hosts, but few analogous partnerships have been found in marine systems. We report here the genome, phylogenetics, and biogeography of a ubiquitous and novel Rickettsiales species that primarily associates with marine organisms. We previously showed that this bacterium was found in scleractinian corals, responds to nutrient exposure, and is associated with reduced host growth and increased mortality. This bacterium, like other Rickettsiales, has a reduced genome indicative of a parasitic …

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Foundation And Revolution: Hannah Arendt And The Problem Of Legitimacy And Stability In Constitutional Consolidation, Mel A. Topf Jan 2019

Foundation And Revolution: Hannah Arendt And The Problem Of Legitimacy And Stability In Constitutional Consolidation, Mel A. Topf

Arts & Sciences Faculty Publications

This chapter investigates the relations of revolutionary consolidation to the American constitutional founding. The concepts of consolidation and augmenta- tion have received little attention in relation to the central question of constitutional legitimacy. Hannah Arendt’s theory of revolution is paradigmatic in this respect. Notwithstanding her influential discussion of foundation, Arendt gives relatively little attention to the pragmatic role of consolidation in acts of constitutional founding. Further, scholarly analyses of Arendt on revolution rarely offer critiques of her concept of foundation in this respect. I focus on Arendt partly owing to her influential theories regarding founding of bodies politic and partly …

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Characterizing Water Quality And Hydrologic Properties Of Urban Streams In Central Virginia, Rikki Lucas Jan 2019

Characterizing Water Quality And Hydrologic Properties Of Urban Streams In Central Virginia, Rikki Lucas

Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this study was to characterize water quality and hydrologic properties of urban streams in the Richmond metropolitan area. Water quality data were analyzed for six urban sites and two non-urban sites. Geomorphological surveys and conservative tracer studies were performed at four urban sites and one non-urban site to describe intra- and inter- site variability in transient storage, channel geomorphology, and related hydrologic parameters. Urban sites showed elevated concentrations of nitrogen and more variable TSS concentrations relative to reference sites. Urban channels were deeply incised with unstable banks and low sinuosity. Little Westham Creek exhibited the greatest transient …

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Examination Of Strain-Dependent Differences In S. Sanguinis Virulence And Growth, Shannon Baker Jan 2019

Examination Of Strain-Dependent Differences In S. Sanguinis Virulence And Growth, Shannon Baker

Theses and Dissertations

Streptococcus sanguinis, an abundant and benign inhabitant of the oral cavity, is an important etiologic agent of infective endocarditis, particularly in people with pre-disposing cardiac valvular damage. Although commonly isolated from patients with IE, little is known about the factors that make any particular S. sanguinis isolate more virulent than another or, indeed, whether significant differences in virulence exist among isolates. To investigate the virulence of multiple isolates, a variation of the Bar-seq (barcode sequencing) method was employed. A conserved chromosomal site was identified for subsequent insertion of a barcode identifier, unique for each strain. Barcode insertion did not …

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Enhanced Proteomics Resolves Kcc2 As A Novel Therapeutic Target For Traumatic Brain Injury, Pavel N. Lizhnyak Jan 2019

Enhanced Proteomics Resolves Kcc2 As A Novel Therapeutic Target For Traumatic Brain Injury, Pavel N. Lizhnyak

Theses and Dissertations

The development of traumatic brain injury (TBI) therapeutics and effective translation to clinic remains stubbornly elusive despite the high prevalence of TBI within the United States and across the globe. Interventions must be devised around testable targets, appropriately timed to intercede on secondary results. Here, we have utilized temporal neuroproteomics as an ideal approach to inform on the complex biochemical processing in order to address the well-recognized temporal evolution of TBI pathobiology and interrogate a novel therapeutic target in a mild-moderate rat Controlled Cortical Impact (CCI) within perilesioned somatosensory cortex. First, our findings revealed 2047 proteins significantly impacted within the …

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Mechanisms Underlying Production Stability In Temperate Deciduous Forests, Shea B. Wales Jan 2019

Mechanisms Underlying Production Stability In Temperate Deciduous Forests, Shea B. Wales

Theses and Dissertations

A persistent and reliable future terrestrial carbon (C) sink will depend on how stable forest production is under more variable climate conditions. We examined how age, forest structure, and disturbance history relate to the interannual variability of above-ground wood net primary production (NPPw). Our site in northern Michigan spans two experimental forest chronosequences and three late successional stands; the chronosequences have distinct disturbance histories, originating following either clear cut harvesting (“Cut Only”) or clear cut harvesting and fire (“Cut and Burn”), and range from 21 to 108 years old. Annual NPPw was estimated using dendrochronology and site specific allometric equations. …

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Loneliness And Sleep Disturbance In Older Americans, Sarah C. Griffin Jan 2019

Loneliness And Sleep Disturbance In Older Americans, Sarah C. Griffin

Theses and Dissertations

Loneliness is a risk factor for premature mortality but the mechanics of this relationship remain obscure. A potential mechanism is sleep disturbance. The present study aimed to examine the association between loneliness and sleep disturbance, evaluate loneliness as a risk factor for sleep disturbance and vice-versa, model effects between loneliness and sleep disturbance over time, and evaluate a mediation model of loneliness, sleep disturbance, and health. Data came from the 2006-2012 waves of the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally-representative study of older Americans; participants > 65 were included (n=11,400). Analyses included (i) linear regressions accounting for complex sampling and (ii) …

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A Practitioner Survey Exploring The Value Of Forensic Tools, Ai, Filtering, & Safer Presentation For Investigating Child Sexual Abuse Material, Laura Sanchez, Cinthya Grajeda, Ibrahim Baggili, Cory Hall Jan 2019

A Practitioner Survey Exploring The Value Of Forensic Tools, Ai, Filtering, & Safer Presentation For Investigating Child Sexual Abuse Material, Laura Sanchez, Cinthya Grajeda, Ibrahim Baggili, Cory Hall

Electrical & Computer Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

For those investigating cases of Child Sexual Abuse Material (CSAM), there is the potential harm of experiencing trauma after illicit content exposure over a period of time. Research has shown that those working on such cases can experience psychological distress. As a result, there has been a greater effort to create and implement technologies that reduce exposure to CSAM. However, not much work has explored gathering insight regarding the functionality, effectiveness, accuracy, and importance of digital forensic tools and data science technologies from practitioners who use them. This study focused specifically on examining the value practitioners give to the tools …

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Indirect Relatedness, Evaluation, And Visualization For Literature Based Discovery, Sam Henry Jan 2019

Indirect Relatedness, Evaluation, And Visualization For Literature Based Discovery, Sam Henry

Theses and Dissertations

The exponential growth of scientific literature is creating an increased need for systems to process and assimilate knowledge contained within text. Literature Based Discovery (LBD) is a well established field that seeks to synthesize new knowledge from existing literature, but it has remained primarily in the theoretical realm rather than in real-world application. This lack of real-world adoption is due in part to the difficulty of LBD, but also due to several solvable problems present in LBD today. Of these problems, the ones in most critical need of improvement are: (1) the over-generation of knowledge by LBD systems, (2) a …

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Nanostructured Materials For Photocatalysis, Water Treatment And Solar Desalination, Hiran D. Kiriarachchi Jan 2019

Nanostructured Materials For Photocatalysis, Water Treatment And Solar Desalination, Hiran D. Kiriarachchi

Theses and Dissertations

Maintaining a constant supply of clean drinking water is among the most pressing global challenges in our time. About one-third of the population is affected by the water scarcity and it can only get worse with climate change, rapid industrialization, and the population growth. Even though nearly 70 percent of the planet is covered by water, the consumable freshwater content is only 2.5 percent of it. Unfortunately, the accessible portion of it is only 1 percent. Even so, most of the freshwater bodies are choked with pollution. Considering the vast availability of saline water on the planet and the increasing …

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The Roles Of Absorption In Music Therapy, Michael John Russo Jan 2019

The Roles Of Absorption In Music Therapy, Michael John Russo

Theses & Dissertations

Absorption refers to the phenomenon of total attentional engagement. The purpose of the current study was to gain a preliminary understanding of the roles that absorption may have in different music therapy approaches. The research questions were: a) How might music therapists know when their clients are in states of absorption?, b) How might absorption influence the ability of music therapy clients to progress towards therapeutic goals?, and c) What is the potential relationship between absorption and music? Three music therapists with self-identified expertise and experience in conceptualizing absorption in music therapy were interviewed about their observations and opinions of …

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