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The Evolution Of Cognitive Load Theory And The Measurement Of Its Intrinsic, Extraneous And Germane Loads: A Review, Giuliana Orru, Luca Longo

Conference papers

Cognitive Load Theory has been conceived for supporting instructional design through the use of the construct of cognitive load. This is believed to be built upon three types of load: intrinsic, extraneous and germane. Although Cognitive Load Theory and its assumptions are clear and well-known, its three types of load have been going through a continuous investigation and re-definition. Additionally, it is still not clear whether these are independent and can be added to each other towards an overall measure of load. The purpose of this research is to inform the reader about the theoretical evolution of Cognitive Load Theory …

Efficient Synthesis And Antifungal Investigation Of Nucleosides' Quaternary Ammonium Salt Derivatives, Barbara Dmochowska, Lucyna Pellowska-Januszek, Justyna Samaszko-Fiertek, Rafal Slusarz, Roland Wakiec, Janusz Madaj

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Quaternary ammonium salts are a group of compounds with diverse biological properties, the most important of which are their antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. The quaternization reactions of 5'-$O$-tosyl derivatives of uridine and thymidine with triethylamine, trimethylamine, 4-($N$,$N$-dimethylamino)pyridine, 2-methylpyridine, and pyridine are described in this article. Two of the synthesized compounds are exceptional because they are first of this type that demonstrate concentration-dependent antifungal in vitro activity against two species of the genus Candida in minimal YNB-SG medium. The experimental results have been extended by adding full atom molecular dynamics simulations and substrates and products energies evaluation.

Pore Length- And Ion Concentration-Dependent Ionic Current In Cylindrical Nanopores: An Atomistic Molecular Dynamics Study, Nazar İleri̇ Ercan

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The sensing of individual molecules as they pass through nanopores under an external field is a popular research field. The approach is simply based on the detectable temporary blockades in the ionic current as the molecules pass through the nanopores. These signatures of the current have been shown to be a function of nanoparticle and nanopore size and geometry as well as the external electric field. However, models developed in this context fail to predict the experimentally observed behavior in technologically important shorter nanopores. Here we present atomistic molecular dynamics simulation results from colloidal nanoparticle translocation through mid-to-low aspect ratio …

Organotemplate-Free Cs-Abw Nanozeolite As Highly Reactive And Recyclable Catalyst For Henry Reaction Between Benzaldehyde And Nitroethane, Tamara Mahmoud Ali Ghrear, Ka Lun Wong, Soon Huat Tan, Tau Chuan Ling, Hussein Awala, Engpoh Ng

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Zeolite Cs-ABW nanocatalyst has been hydrothermally synthesized without using any harmful organic template. The zeolite nanocrystal with very high solid yield (81.88%) can be obtained within 60 min and at 180 $^{\circ}$C (∼ 20 atm), conditions that are much faster and gentler than the existing synthesis methods. The orthorhombic Cs-ABW nanocrystals (mean size of 32 nm) have high aluminum content (Si/Al ratio $=$ 1.14) and possess high basicity. The nanocrystals also exhibit better catalytic activity than conventional homogeneous catalysts in the Henry (nitroaldol) reaction of benzaldehyde with nitroethane under microwave heating conditions. The nanocatalyst does not suffer from coking and …

Improving The Mechanical And Thermal Properties Of Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) By Incorporating Modified Caco$_{3}$ Nanoparticles As A Filler

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC)/calcium carbonate nanocomposites were successfully prepared by the incorporation of calcium carbonate (CaCO$_{3})$ nanoparticles into the CPVC matrix. The compatibility between the two phases was obtained by surface modification of the CaCO$_{3}$ nanoparticles with stearic acid, leading to improved material performance. The effects of the addition of different amounts of CaCO$_{3}$ nanoparticles to the CPVC on the thermal, mechanical, and morphological characteristics of the CPVC/CaCO$_{3}$ nanocomposites were investigated. The thermal stability of the CPVC/CaCO$_{3}$ nanocomposites was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis~and differential scanning calorimetry. In addition, the surface texture of the CPVC and the dispersion of the CaCO$_{3}$ …

Synthesis, Characterization, And Nonlinear Optical Properties Of Some New Series Of S-(5-Aryl-1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-Yl) 2-Chloroethanethioate Derivatives, Zahra Dono Ghezelbash, Hamideh Motiei, Miri Mahmoody, Karim Akbari Delmaghani

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

In the present investigation, some novel S-(5-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)2-chloroethanethioate (3a-3e) derivatives were synthesized and their impact on optical properties was studied. They have also been characterized by elemental analysis and various spectroscopic methods including FTIR, $^{1}$H NMR, $^{13}$C NMR, and UV-Vis techniques. The nonlinear refractive indexes of 3a-3e were also measured in dichloromethane via Z-scan method using a continuous wave diode-pumped laser at 532 nm wavelength. The nonlinear refractive coefficient of compounds was obtained from ${10}^{11}\, \, {m}^{{2}}{/W}$ order. Regarding the appropriate nonlinearity of these compounds, they could be considered good candidates for biooptical and photonic applications. All the synthesized compounds (3a-3e) …

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

No abstract provided.

Novel Voltammetric Investigation Of Dipyridamole At A Disposable Pencil Graphite Electrode, Iulia Gabriela David, Lorelei Iordache, Dana Elena Popa, Mihaela Buleandra, Victor David, Emilia-Elena Iorgulescu

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The present paper describes the voltammetric analysis of dipyridamole (DIP) at a cheap, disposable pencil graphite electrode (PGE). The working conditions were optimized with regard to the electrode material and the supporting electrolyte. Cyclic voltammetric investigations emphasized that DIP is irreversibly oxidized at the PGE. The electrode process is pH-dependent and controlled by both diffusion and adsorption. For DIP quantitative determination a differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) method in phosphate buffer solution pH 7.00 was developed. DIP's oxidation peak current varied linearly with the analyte concentration, presenting two linear ranges, namely 5.00 $\times $ 10$^{-7}$-2.50 $\times $ 10$^{-5}$ M and 2.50 …

Synthesis Of Smz Derivatives And Investigation Of Effects On Germination, Root, And Plant Growth Of \Textit{Arabidopsis Thaliana} L., Tuğba Güngör, Ferah Cömert Önder, Fati̇h Sezer, Aslihan Özbi̇len, Kemal Meli̇h Taşkin, Mehmet Ay

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

A series of sulfonamide derivatives were synthesized by reactions with various functional groups containing benzenesulfonyl chlorides and aniline derivatives under different substitution reaction conditions. The structures of SMZ derivatives were confirmed with melting point, FT-IR, $^{1}$H NMR, $^{13}$C NMR, and LC-MS/MS techniques. In order to investigate the cytotoxic effects of these derivatives, we used a model plant species. The synthesized compounds (S1-S5) and sulfamethazine (SMZ) as a positive control were applied to Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. Our results indicated that S3 and S4 induced shorter roots and lower wet weight in plants. Plants treated with S2 and S5 showed no growth …

Parameter Estimations From Gravity And Magnetic Anomalies Due To Deep-Seated Faults:Differential Evolution Versus Particle Swarm Optimization, Yunus Levent Eki̇nci̇, Çağlayan Balkaya, Gökhan Göktürkler

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Estimation of causative source parameters is an essential tool in exploration geophysics and is frequently applied using potential field datasets. Naturally inspired metaheuristic optimization algorithms based on some stochastic procedures have attracted more attention during the last decade due to their capability in finding the optimal solution of the model parameters from the parameter space via direct search routines. In this study, the solutions obtained through differential evolution algorithm, a rarely used metaheuristic algorithm in geophysics, and particle swarm optimization, which is one of the most used global optimization algorithms in geophysics, have been compared in terms of robustness, consistency, …

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Botany

No abstract provided.

Genetic Diversity, Phylogeography And Population Gene Flow Of Tunisian Pistacia Vera L., Sarra Choulak, Zined Marzouk, Khaled Chatti̇, Soumaya Rhouma-Chatti̇, Rim Ouni̇, Noureddine Chatti

Turkish Journal of Botany

The aim of this paper was to determine how the pistachio trees evolve, and the evolving factors that influence pistachio population establishment. For that, we investigated pistachio genetic structure from some regions of Tunisia, by sequencing two noncoding chloroplastic regions (trnL (UAA) and trnL-trnF intergenic spacer). We found strong genetic diversity among groups, with the absence of high differentiation between population pairs. A deep phylogeographical break separated two major clusters: "El-Guetar and "Gafsa/Sidi-Bouzid. This conclusion is proved by the haplotype networks, the phylogenetic trees, and the molecular variance analysis. Different interpretations were proposed to explain this cytoplasm dimorphism, based on …

Variations In Ethylene Sensitivity Among Mungbean [Vigna Radiata (L.) Wilczek] Genotypes Exposed To Drought And Waterlogging Stresses, Susheel Kumar Raina, Nikhil Raskar, Lalitkumar Aher, Ajay Kumar Singh, Dhammaprakash Pandhari Wankhede, Jagadish Rane, Paramjit Singh Minhas

Turkish Journal of Botany

Ethylene is an important phytohormone that regulates several aspects of plant development including those crucial for drought tolerance. The main aim of the present work was to investigate variability in ethylene sensitivity of mungbeans to seed germination, waterlogging, and leaf senescence, and the underlying transcriptional regulation of ethylene biosynthetic/responsive genes. Significant variation was observed for silver-nitrate-mediated germination inhibition and flooding stress tolerance among the mungbean genotypes. Genotypes with differential ethylene sensitivity (IC-325817 and IC-325756) revealed variable leaf senescence rates upon exposure to exogenously supplied ethephon. Drought induced significant upregulation of VrACS7 and VrERF genes in the more sensitive genotype, implicating …

Folk Medicine In Düzce Province (Turkey), İlhan Gürbüz, Ayşe Mi̇ne Gençler Özkan, Gali̇p Akaydin, Ece Sali̇hoğlu, Tuğba Günbatan, Fati̇h Demi̇rci̇, Erdem Yeşi̇lada

Turkish Journal of Botany

The present study was conducted to collect, record, and document local knowledge of medicinal practices in Düzce, a northwestern Anatolian province. To the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive ethnobotanical study has been reported from this province. Information was acquired through semistructured interviews and personal conversations using a questionnaire and numerous guided field trips with local knowledgeable people. For quantitative analyses and comparisons, recorded data such as informant consensus factor (FIC) and use value (UV) were calculated, respectively. As a result of extensive field studies, 122 taxa were determined as folk medicines; 76 of were wild and 46 were cultivated. …

Squalene Attenuates The Oxidative Stress And Activates Akt/Mtor Pathway Against Cisplatin-Induced Kidney Damage In Mice, Ayşe Arzu Şakul, Mehmet Ozansoy, Bi̇rsen Eli̇bol, Şule Ayla, Mehmet Yalçin Günal, Yasemi̇n Yozgat, Selma Hüveyda Başağa, Kazi̇m Şahi̇n, Rümeyza Kazancioğlu, Ülkan Kiliç

Turkish Journal of Biology

The clinical use of cisplatin, which is a first-line anticancer agent, is highly restricted due to its adverse effects on kidneys that lead to nephrotoxicity. Therefore, some potential reno-protective substances have been used in combination with cisplatin to cope with nephrotoxicity. Due to its high antitumor activity and oxygen-carrying capacity, we investigated the molecular effects of squalene against cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and kidney damage in mice. Single dose of cisplatin (7 mg/kg) was given to male Balb/c mice. Squalene (100 mg/kg/day) was administered orogastrically to mice for 10 days. Following sacrification, molecular alterations were investigated as analysis of the levels …

Characterizing Microsatellite Polymorphisms Using Assembly-Based Andmapping-Based Tools, Gülfem Demi̇r, Can Alkan

Turkish Journal of Biology

Microsatellite polymorphism has always been a challenge for genome assembly and sequence alignment due to sequencing errors, short read lengths, and high incidence of polymerase slippage in microsatellite regions. Despite the information they carry being very valuable, microsatellite variations have not gained enough attention to be a routine step in genome sequence analysis pipelines. After the completion of the 1000 Genomes Project, which aimed to establish the most detailed genetic variation catalog for humans, the consortium released only two microsatellite prediction sets generated by two tools. Many other large research efforts have failed to shed light on microsatellite variations. We …

Exploring The Role And Impact Of Microscale Phenomena On Electrode, Microdevice, And Cellular Function, Sanaz Habibi

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Microfluidic technologies enable the development of portable devices to perform multiple high-resolution unit operations with small sample and reagent volumes, low fabrication cost, facile operation, and quick response times. Microfluidic platforms are expected to effectively interpret both wanted and unwanted phenomena; however, a comprehensive evaluation of the unwanted phenomena has not been appropriately investigated in the literature. This work explored an attenuative evaluation of unwanted phenomena, also called here as secondary phenomena, in a unique approach.

Upon electric field utilization within microfluidic devices, electrode miniaturization improves device sensitivity. However, electrodes in contact with medium solution can yield byproducts that can …

Improved Methods For The Quantification Of Viable Ascaris Suum And Application To Biosolids, Tanner Keyzers

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

The current method for detection of Ascaris ova in biosolids and wastewater has several drawbacks including being labor and time intensive as well as being difficult to quantify viable ova that have larvated during treatment. The goal of this thesis was to improve several methods for the detection and quantification of Ascaris ova during long term-storage of biosolids including improvement of quantifying viable ova using a heat and bleach treatment to promote movement of larvae inside of ova, and comparison of the traditional microscopic method with qPCR and PMA-qPCR to prevent the false-positive results. Improved methods to promote movement of …

Statistical Methods For Joint Analysis Of Multiple Phenotypes And Their Applications For Phewas, Xueling Li

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully detected tens of thousands of robust SNP-trait associations. Earlier researches have primarily focused on association studies of genetic variants and some well-defined functions or phenotypic traits. Emerging evidence suggests that pleiotropy, the phenomenon of one genetic variant affects multiple phenotypes, is widespread, especially in complex human diseases. Therefore, individual phenotype analyses may lose statistical power to identify the underlying genetic mechanism. Contrasting with single phenotype analyses, joint analysis of multiple phenotypes exploits the correlations between phenotypes and aggregates multiple weak marginal effects and is therefore likely to provide new insights into the functional consequences …

Optical Vortex And Poincaré Analysis For Biophysical Dynamics, Anindya Majumdar

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Coherent light - such as that from a laser - on interaction with biological tissues, undergoes scattering. This scattered light undergoes interference and the resultant field has randomly added phases and amplitudes. This random interference pattern is known as speckles, and has been the subject of multiple applications, including imaging techniques. These speckle fields inherently contain optical vortices, or phase singularities. These are locations where the intensity (or amplitude) of the interference pattern is zero, and the phase is undefined.

In the research presented in this dissertation, dynamic speckle patterns were obtained through computer simulations as well as laboratory setups …

Attitudes About Acceptable Risk In The Context Of The Biodiversity Crisis, Thomas Offer-Westort

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Crafting and enforcing conservation policy requires making normative judgements about what levels of risk are acceptable. These judgements include crucial decisions that impact which species qualify as “endangered.” If a government’s policies are going to represent the values of the public they govern, then public attitudes should be understood. Unfortunately, essentially nothing is known about public attitudes as they pertain to acceptable risk and the biodiversity crisis.

My research aims to address this gap using data from an internet-based survey (n=1050). I focused on the Endangered Species Act of 1973 which defines an endangered species as “any species which is …

Reexamining The Utility Of Existing Climate Adaptation Frameworks Through Application On A Northern Forest, Alexander Rice

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

A review of the literature reveals the strengths and limitations of various climate adaptation frameworks and illuminates a general path by which a type of adaptation can be achieved. A number of useful frameworks exist but the number of independent case studies demonstrating the adaptation process in a detailed manner is much more limited. Additionally, components of the various adaptation processes can often seem vague and concepts such as adaptability ill-defined. For land managers approaching climate adaptation independently can be difficult, particularly in the areas of goal creation and vulnerability assessment. Within frameworks where user-defined adaptation goals dictate whether or …

Molecular Characterization Of Free Tropospheric Organic Aerosol And The Development Of Computational Tools For Molecular Formula Assignment, Simeon Schum

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Organic aerosol affects human health and climate. These effects are largely determined by the composition of the organic aerosol, which is a complex mixture of species. Understanding the complexity of organic aerosol is critical to determining its effect on human health and climate. In this study, long range transported organic aerosol collected at the Pico Mountain Observatory was analyzed using ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry. Organic aerosol transported in the free troposphere had an overall lower extent of oxidation than aerosol transported in the boundary layer. It was hypothesized that the lower oxidation was related to a more viscous phase state …

Effects Of Invasive Watermilfoil And Seasonal Dynamics On Primary Production In Littoral Zones Of North-Temperate Lakes, Ryan R. Van Goethem

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Climate change and species invasion are two agents of global change altering aquatic ecosystems worldwide. Submerged aquatic macrophytes control lake ecosystem processes through their direct and indirect interactions with other primary producers, but how their interactions may be altered by species invasions or how they function over full seasonal cycles in temperate lakes is poorly understood. We first addressed whether the presence of invasive watermilfoil (IWM) altered standing crops and gross primary pro-duction (GPP) of other littoral primary producers (macrophytes, phytoplankton, attached algae or periphyton) in littoral zones of 6 Michigan lakes. We found no differences in primary producer standing …

Laser Induced Phase Transformations And Fluorescence Measurements From Nanodiamond Particles, Nick Videtich

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Nanodiamonds (ND) are an exciting topic of photonics research because of their controllable quantum optical behaviors. As a byproduct of their small size, they possess a relatively high surface to volume ratio, which in turn relates to their potential usefulness as carriers in biological applications. By using laser induced phase transformations to ultimately shrink the particles, a path toward bio-compatible quantum emitters is explored. Measured Raman scattering spectra clearly indicate that the reversible phase change of NDs occurs upon femto-second laser irradiations. ND with nitrogen vacancies can also be used as a stable room temperature quantum emitter. By coupling this …

Enhancing The Resolution Of Imaging Systems By Spatial Spectrum Manipulation, Wyatt Adams

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Much research effort has been spent in the 21st century on superresolution imaging techniques, methods which can beat the diffraction limit. Subwavelength composite structures called ``metamaterials" had initially shown great promise in superresolution imaging applications in the early 2000s, owing to their potential for nearly arbitrary capabilities in controlling light. However, for optical frequencies they are often plagued by absorption and scattering losses which can decay or destroy their interesting properties. Similar issues limit the application of other superresolution devices operating as effective media, or metal films that can transfer waves with large momentum by supporting surface plasmon polaritons. In …

Towards The Discovery Of Oligonucleotide Cross-Linking Agents, Bhaskar Halami

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Oligonucleotide cross-linking agents are expected to become a new class of antisense drugs. They function by first hybridizing with a complementary mRNA and then form a covalent bond to permanently link the mRNA to the oligonucleotide agent. Because of covalent cross-linking, this new class of antisense drugs are expected to have much higher potency than existing ones.

Some oligonucleotide cross-linking agents have appeared in the literature, but they have various drawbacks, which include slow cross-linking rate and reversible cross-linking. To address these problems, we designed a series of new cross-linking oligonucleotides with a range of different reactivities. These oligonucleotides were …

Interactive Sonification Strategies For The Motion And Emotion Of Dance Performances, Steven Landry

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

The Immersive Interactive SOnification Platform, or iISoP for short, is a research platform for the creation of novel multimedia art, as well as exploratory research in the fields of sonification, affective computing, and gesture-based user interfaces. The goal of the iISoP’s dancer sonification system is to “sonify the motion and emotion” of a dance performance via musical auditory display. An additional goal of this dissertation is to develop and evaluate musical strategies for adding layer of emotional mappings to data sonification. The result of the series of dancer sonification design exercises led to the development of a novel musical sonification …

Examining Aspen Expansion From Before And After Prescribed Burning In A Native Fescue Grassland Through Geospatial Techniques, Christopher Anderson

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Native fescue (Fescue spp.) grasslands of the Intermountain West have become increasingly scarce due to the advent of modern agriculture, the loss of Indigenous people’s land management practices, modern wildfire management and the extirpation of bison (Bison bison bison). Native grassland is a biodiversity hot-spot, is significant for carbon sequestration, and essential to many species of flora and fauna that occur in the ecosystem. Our study site, on the Rocky Mountain Front in Waterton Lakes National Park, Alberta Canada, consists of 30 discrete aspen stands (Populous tremuloides) which are encroaching on this declining shortgrass fescue …

Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probes For Sensitive Determination Of Lysosomal & Mitochondrial Ph In Live Cells, Wafa Mazi

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Varied intracellular pH levels are critical for various physiological processes such as enzymatic activity, cell proliferation and apoptosis, ion transport, and muscle contraction. Cellular compartments, like lysosomes, must retain an acidic environment (pH ~ 4.5) to activate hydrolytic enzymes necessary for the breakdown of large biomolecules. Another cellular organelle, the mitochondria, provides the cell with energy and must retain an alkalis environment (pH ~ 8.0) for proper function. Substantial lysosomal and mitochondrial pH deviation is associated with cellular dysfunction and disease. Therefore, the precise detection of lysosomal and mitochondrial pH is essential to provide a better understanding of cellular physiological …