Digital Commons Network^™

Ready Streets, Parkrose And Argay: Community Report, Kerry Aszklar, Jaye Cromwell, Bryan Nguyen, Joey Posada, Sabina Roan, Sophie Turnbull-Apell

Master of Urban and Regional Planning Workshop Projects

How will people get around after a major earthquake? The Ready Streets project examines ways to create a strong, connected, and disaster-resilient mobility network in the Parkrose-Argay neighborhood of Portland, as well as replicable criteria for future neighborhoods. This is accomplished by examining the existing conditions of the area, working with community members to determine key destinations and priorities, and formulating recommendations to the Portland Bureau of Transportation.

The 1 page brochure for the public is available in the Additional Files below.

The Eloquent Letter, Daneen Bergland

University Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations

Inspired by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr’s “Letter from a Birmingham Jail,” The Eloquent Letter is an authentic, adaptable assignment for acquiring critical skills: identifying and researching social problems, examining value systems and diverse perspectives, communicating effectively, and proposing solutions based on common ground. Moving beyond traditional argumentation essays and debates, this project situates activism and writing “in its native habitat.”

Students identify and research a social problem or issue and write and send a persuasive letter, asking for specific action toward addressing the issue. This assignment is meant to assess DQP proficiencies in Broad and Integrative Knowledge, Intellectual skills, …

Subito 2019, Portland State University. School Of Music & Theater

Subito: Student Voices from Portland State University School of Music & Theater

Issue 2, Spring 2019

A symphony concert unites Americana with Italian Romanticism. Californian Gabriela Lena Frank composes a string quartet in dialogue with her Peruvian heritage. Jennifer Higdon tells a fresh viola joke. I Spat in the Eye of Hate and Lived, based on the poetry of PSU student Micah Fletcher.

Improved Drought Resilience Through Continuous Water Service Monitoring And Specialized Institutions—A Longitudinal Analysis Of Water Service Delivery Across Motorized Boreholes In Northern Kenya, Nick Turman-Bryant, Corey L. Nagel, Lauren Stover, Christian Muragijimana, Evan A. Thomas

Complex Systems Faculty Publications and Presentations

Increasing frequency and severity of drought is driving increased use of groundwater resources in arid regions of Northern Kenya, where approximately 2.5 million people depend on groundwater for personal use, livestock, and limited irrigation. As part of a broader effort to provide more sustainable water, sanitation, and hygiene services in the region, we have collected data related to site functionality and use for approximately 120 motorized boreholes across five counties. Using a multilevel model to account for geospatial and temporal clustering, we found that borehole sites, which counties had identified as strategic assets during drought, ran on average about 1.31 …

A Systems Thinking Approach For Eliciting Mental Models From Visual Boundary Objects In Hydropolitical Contexts: A Case Study From The Pilcomayo River Basin, Riveraine S. Walters, Erin S. Kenzie, Alexander E. Metzger, William Jesse Baltutis, Kakali B. Chakrabarti, Shana Lee Hirsch, Bethany Laursen

Complex Systems Faculty Publications and Presentations

Transboundary collaborations related to international freshwater are critical for ensuring equitable, efficient, and sustainable shared access to our planet’s most fundamental resources. Visual artifacts, such as knowledge maps, functioning as boundary objects, are used in hydropolitical contexts to convey understandings and facilitate discussion across scales about challenges and opportunities from multiple perspectives. Such focal points for discussion are valuable in creating shared, socially negotiated priorities and integrating diverse and often disparate cultural perspectives that naturally exist in the context of international transboundary water resources. Visual boundary objects can also represent the collective mental models of the actor countries and transboundary …

High School Completion In Context: Student- And School-Level Factors Related To On-Time Graduation, Mathew C. Uretsky

School of Social Work Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background/Context: There is an expansive body of research concerning high school graduation; however, most studies omit students who persist through four years of high school without earning a diploma. In addition, there is scant research exploring longer-term outcomes among students whose academic trajectories do not fit within the traditional four-year model of high school graduation, including eventual graduation, post-secondary enrollment, or engagement in the workforce.

Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study: The current study addresses the substantive gaps in research regarding high school non-completion by examining the college and workforce outcomes of persisters—defined here as students who do not formally …

Quality Of Life And Stigma Among People Living With Hiv/Aids In Iran, Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan, Jian Han, Ziyad Ben Taleb, Kristopher P. Fennie, Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi, Maryam Dastoorpoor, Nima Hajhashemi, Mitra Naseh, Shahnaz Rimaz

School of Social Work Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Stigma against HIV profoundly affects the quality of life (QOL) of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). We aimed to assess the factors associated with QOL in PLWHA in Iran, specifically HIV-related stigma, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.

Methods: Two hundred PLWHA participated in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected using sociodemographic, stigma, and WHO-QOL-BREF questionnaires. Correlations, ANOVAs, and Student’s t-distribution tests were performed as bivariate analyses. We employed stepwise multiple linear regression analysis to explore the main factors associated with QOL domains.

Results: Six domains of QOL were negatively correlated with three domains of stigma (p < 0.001 for all). Stepwise multiple linear regression revealed that, after adjusting for con-founders, lack of healthcare insurance, having no basic knowledge of HIV/AIDs prior to diagnosis, low monthly income of participants and family, and stigma (blaming and distancing, discrimination, and fear) were associated with low mean score of different domains of QOL.

Conclusion …

Pdxscholar Annual Report 2018, Karen Bjork, Sherry Buchanan, David Coate, Bertrand Robinson, Stacey Schlatter

Library Faculty and Staff Publications and Presentations

This report details the eighth year of operation for PDXScholar, Portland State University's institutional repository, as well as the growth of Portland State University Library's publishing services. The report covers the period between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2018.

The More Things Change: The Collaborative Art Library, Elsa Loftis

Library Faculty and Staff Publications and Presentations

The academic library’s art collection has a history of fluidity and flux. Teaching and learning materials that support visual art education can range from traditional formats like image collections and monographs to the curious, the rare, and sometimes the downright unusual. Art library professionals must plan for the future of the academic library collection with intention and sensitivity to the learning styles of their students while adhering to the environmental realities of their governing institutions. One constant is clear, which is that art students are not content to be mere consumers of information and images; they are creators. It is …

University Studies Annual Assessment 2018-2019, Portland State University. University Studies Program, Rowanna L. Carpenter, J. R. Estes, Seanna M. Kerrigan, Annie Knepler, Dana Lundell, Michael Lupro, Zapoura Newton-Calvert, Vicki Reitenauer

University Studies Annual Assessment Reports

Annual in-depth examination and assessment of Portland State University's general education model, the University Studies Program. The tools and methods used to assess student learning are faculty driven and developed.

Investigating Metrical Context Effects On Anticipatory Coarticulation In Connected Speech Development, Jillian Adkins, Christina Gildersleeve-Neumann, Melissa A. Redford

Speech and Hearing Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

If rhythm acquisition is influenced by the development of articulatory timing, then metrical structure might be expected to condition this timing. This study tested this hypothesis by investigating anticipatory effects of an upcoming noun on the production of a preceding determiner, under the assumption that anticipatory coarticulation indexes chunking. Simple S-V-O sentences were elicited from 5-year-olds, 8-year-olds, and adults. The V was either monosyllabic packed or disyllabic patted. The O was a determiner phrase where nouns varied either in onset place-of-articulation (POA; tack vs. cat) or in their rhymes (tack vs. toot). Acoustic analyses of determiner schwa F1 and F2 …

Focal Point, Special Compilation Issue 2007–2019, Portland State University. Regional Research Institute

Research and Training Center - Focal Point

For this special compilation, we have included a variety of contributions by youth and young adults that originally appeared in Focal Point issues from 2007 to 2019. These first-hand narratives of recovery personalize what might otherwise be seen only in clinical terms, or represented by a mere statistic. By sharing their stories, these young people also offer hope to other young people experiencing similar problems, and their families. This collection portrays the wide range of individual experiences of youth and young adults and highlights common themes.

Social Norms, Misperceptions, And Mosquito Net Use: A Population‑Based, Cross‑Sectional Study In Rural Uganda, Jessica M. Perkins, Paul J. Krezanoski, Sae Takada, Bernard Kakuhikire, Vincent Batwala, Alexander Tsai, Nicholas A. Christakis, David R. Bangsberg

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Mosquito net use is an essential part of malaria prevention. Although previous research has shown that many people sleep under a mosquito net in endemic areas, it is unknown whether people underestimate how common it is to sleep under a net every night. Furthermore, perceived social norms about whether most others sleep under a mosquito net every night may contribute to personally sleeping under a net, given decades of research showing that people often mimic others’ behaviours.

Methods: Population-based data were collected from 1669 adults across eight villages in one rural parish in southwestern Uganda. Individuals’ perception about whether …

Geospatial-Temporal, Demographic, And Programmatic Adoption Characteristics Of A Large-Scale Water Filter And Improved Cookstove Intervention In Western Province, Rwanda, Katie Fankhauser, Corey L. Nagel, Christina Barstow, Miles Kirby, Evan A. Thomas

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Lowering the global disease burden of preventable disease has been addressed in part by the distribution of health products and behavior change campaigns in low-income countries. Realizing a health impact requires adoption by participants, and the topic of program uptake and sustained adoption has been studied extensively, although an ecological context is largely missing from existing work. This study characterizes self-reported and observed adoption of improved cookstoves and point-of-use water filters among nearly 80,000 households in Rwanda using demographic and programmatic variables from implementer surveys and integration of geospatial and temporal data based on differentiated recipient location. The odds of …

Seasonal Patterns In Risk Factors For Taenia Solium Transmission: A Gps Tracking Study Of Pigs And Open Human Defecation In Northern Peru, Ian W. Pray, Claudio Muro, Ricardo Gamboa, Percy Vilchez, Wayne Wakeland, William Pan, William E. Lambert, Multiple Additional Authors

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Taenia solium (cysticercosis) is a parasitic cestode that is endemic in rural populations where open defecation is common and free-roaming pigs have access to human feces. The purpose of this study was to examine the roaming patterns of free-range pigs, and identify areas where T. solium transmission could occur via contact with human feces. We did this by using GPS trackers to log the movement of 108 pigs in three villages of northern Peru. Pigs were tracked for approximately six days each and tracking was repeated in the rainy and dry seasons. Maps of pig ranges were analyzed for …

Exploring The Extent Of The Hikikomori Phenomenon On Twitter: Mixed Methods Study Of Western Language Tweets, Pereira-Sanchez, Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon, Angel Asunsolo Del Barco, Melchor Alvarez-Mon, Alan R. Teo

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Hikikomori is a severe form of social withdrawal, originally described in Japan but recently reported in other countries. Debate exists as to what extent hikikomori is viewed as a problem outside of the Japanese context. Objective: We aimed to explore perceptions about hikikomori outside Japan by analyzing Western language content from the popular social media platform, Twitter. Methods: We conducted a mixed methods analysis of all publicly available tweets using the hashtag #hikikomori between February 1 and August 16, 2018, in 5 Western languages (Catalan, English, French, Italian, and Spanish). Tweets were first classified as to whether they described …

Relative Wealth, Subjective Social Status, And Their Associations With Depression: Cross-Sectional, Population-Based Study In Rural Uganda, Meghan L. Smith, Bernard Kakuhikire, C. Baguma, Justin D. Rasmussen, David Bangsberg, Multiple Additional Authors

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide, and has been found to be a consistent correlate of socioeconomic status (SES). The relative deprivation hypothesis proposes that one mechanism linking SES to health involves social comparisons, suggesting that relative SES rather than absolute SES is of primary importance in determining health status. Using data from a whole-population sample of 1,620 participants residing in rural southwestern Uganda, we estimated the independent associations between objective and subjective relative wealth and probable depression, as measured by the depression subscale of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCLD). Objective relative wealth was measured by an asset …

Protocol For A Longitudinal Study To Evaluate The Use Of Tenofovir-Based Prep For Safer Conception And Pregnancy Among Women In South Africa, Lynn T. Matthews, Manjeetha Jaggernath, Yolandie Kriel, Patricia Smith, Kasey O’Neil, David Bangsberg, Multiple Additional Authors

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Introduction Women who choose to conceive a baby with a partner living with HIV or a partner whose HIV serostatus is unknown in HIV-endemic settings need prevention strategies to mitigate HIV acquisition during conception and pregnancy.

Methods and analysis We are conducting a single-arm longitudinal study offering oral tenofovirdisoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for periconception use to 350 HIV-uninfected women in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. PrEP is offered as part of woman-centred safer conception programme that promotes couples-based HIV counselling and testing, antiretroviral therapy for partners who are HIV-infected, treatment for sexually transmitted infections and safer conception strategies, such …

Feasibility Of A Point-Of-Care Test Based On Quantum Dots With A Mobile Phone Reader For Detection Of Antibody Responses, Chan Lee, John Noh, Seth E. O’Neal, Armando E. Gonzalez, Hector H. Garcia, Multiple Additional Authors

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

We developed a novel and portable fluorescent sensor that integrates a lateral flow assay with a quantum dot (Qdots) label and a mobile phone reader for detection of specific antibodies in human serum. We evaluated the utility of this assay to test for antibodies to the Taenia solium rT24H antigen. It was a retrospective study by examining 112 positive human sera from patients with neurocysticercosis (NCC) including samples from patients with single viable cyst (n = 18), two or more viable cysts (n = 71), and subarachnoid (racemose) cysts (n = 23). These samples were collected from previous study subjects …

Digital Monitoring Technologies Could Enhance Tuberculosis Medication Adherence In Uganda: Mixed Methods Study, Angella Musiimenta, Wilson Tumuhimbise, Aaron T. Mugaba, Conrad Muzoora, Mari Armstrong-Hough, David Bangsberg, J. Lucian Davis, Jessica E. Haberer

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Effective administration of tuberculosis therapy remains challenging. The recommended strategy of direct observed therapy is challenging and its implementation has been limited in many settings. Digital adherence technologies could be promising patient-centered strategies for monitoring adherence. However, few quality studies have assessed patients’ experiences with these technologies. Objective: To explore TB patients’ perceptions of a digital adherence intervention composed of a digital adherence monitor and SMS texts. Methods: We purposively sampled TB patients who owned phones, had been taking TB medication for at least a month, and were receiving their treatment from Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital. We interviewed 35 …

Words Matter: Putting An End To “Unsafe” And “Risky” Sex, Julia L. Marcus, Jonathan Snowden

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Change is constant in sexual health, as in health care more broadly. Novel pathogens are identified, epidemics emerge and reemerge, and new preventive and therapeutic agents are introduced and taken up by populations. On the other hand, some care strategies and practices fall by the wayside among clinicians and populations. Just as health and health care evolve, so too should the language that we use to describe them.

In this commentary, we express our concerns about the use of ambiguous and stigmatizing language when describing sexual behavior. A search on PubMed in September 2019 yielded over four thousand articles with …

Alternative Payment Models And Hospital Engagement In Health Information Exchange, Sunny C. Lin, John M. Hollingsworth, Julia Adler-Milstein

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Objectives:

To assess whether hospital participation in alternative payment models (APMs) is associated with greater engagement in health information exchange (HIE) along 4 dimensions: volume of patients for whom information is exchanged, diversity of information types, breadth of partner types, and depth of technical approach.

Study Design:

Pooled, cross-sectional analysis of data on US hospitals from 2014–2015.

Methods:

APM participation came from Leavitt Partners data, Medicare public use files, and the American Hospital Association (AHA) Annual Survey. We used Medicare data to measure HIE volume for 798 hospitals attesting to stage 2 Meaningful Use and the AHA Information Technology Supplement …

Emergent Regulatory Systems And Their Challenges: The Case Of Combination Medical Products, George Horvath

Faculty Scholarship

Where regulatory systems overlap, courts and scholars often focus on the undesirable aspects of the overlap—the ways in which systems conflict. One such context involves the regulation of prescription drugs and medical devices by the FDA’s premarket evaluation processes and by state common-law tort and products liability actions. FDA regulation and state common law are often described as separate, conflicting regulatory systems. This Article challenges that description by proposing a model in which FDA premarket evaluation and state common law function as a single regulatory system.

This model brings order to the Supreme Court’s seemingly inconsistent medical products preemption cases, …

The Fair Deal Universal Health Care Proposals: Historians’ Perspectives From From 1970 To 2003, George Horvath

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

In The Name Of Merit: Racial Violence In The Academy, Reshmi Dutt-Ballerstadt

Faculty Publications

Racial violence in the academy is enacted upon faculty of color, particularly women, in multiple disciplines. This essay attempts to both expose and suggest that everyday systemic racism has become a pervasive and normalizing feature within disciplines that continue to privilege white and Eurocentric forms of knowledge-making while devaluing others. Furthermore, attempts to challenge such supremacies are immediately countered by calls and charges of incivility. This is an essay about the costs of unmasking norms of civility as it bears upon constructions of both whiteness and meritocracy.

History Of Housing Policy In The United States, Lauren Elizabeth Morrow Everett, Marta Petteni

Homelessness Research & Action Collaborative Publications and Presentations

Graduate student Lauren Everett created a brief history of housing policy in the United States from 1843 to the present. She looked at major events that helped shape our country’s understanding and policies around property. Events include everything from the donation land claim act, which entitled each white, male settler to 320 acres in the Oregon territory, to the rent control stabilization legislation in 2019.

Useful Waste, Rebecca Taylor

Homelessness Research & Action Collaborative Publications and Presentations

The Useful Waste Initiative is an alternative and more sustainable way of thinking about construction waste. It encourages material diversion and aims to reframe views on waste management during the design and construction process. It guides the process to repurpose and utilize an overlooked material resource- envelope construction mock-ups. It also provides the opportunity to contribute to and support efforts to address pressing social needs with local communities, including shelter for the homeless.

Supporting Clinical Practice Through Rehearsals, Lubna Javeed

Northwest Journal of Teacher Education

Rehearsing is a form of pedagogy in teacher education to prepare pre-service teachers with instructional practices before live enactments in a classroom. This qualitative study used grounded theory to explore how rehearsals impacted five elementary literacy courses in a university teacher education program. Data comprised of prolonged observations, video recordings of rehearsals, and surveys. The process of coding and re-coding resulted in findings that reflect rehearsing provided Teacher Candidates with confidence with lesson presentation, improved understanding of literacy content, and understand how to make in-the-moment instructional decisions.

Field Experiences In Literacy Teacher Preparation: A Snapshot Of Current Practices, Laurie A. Sharp, Rebekah Piper, Roberta D. Raymond

Northwest Journal of Teacher Education

This qualitative study used social constructivism as a theoretical lens to examine ways in which literacy teacher educators incorporate field experiences during literacy coursework. A cross-sectional survey was distributed among literacy teacher educators affiliated with teacher preparation programs located in a single Southern state. Responses related to field experiences were retrieved from 42 surveys and analyzed with two cycles of coding. Findings indicated that preservice teachers completed a range of field experiences prior to student teaching that involved observing literacy instruction and leading literacy instruction with individual students and small groups of students. Incongruences between reported field experiences and recommendations …

The Experiential-Learning Track: Career Exploration, Student Interest, & Applied Classroom-Learning In Small Rural Junior-Senior High Schools, Michael Turnlund

Northwest Journal of Teacher Education

Budgetary constraints can limit academic programs and elective offerings in small rural high schools. It is difficult to staff schools with teachers who hold the required credentials to offer elective courses that match student interests and future career or post-secondary education goals. This article details a strategy used by one small school in Idaho to address the problem. The Experiential-Learning Track Program allows for “hands-on” opportunities tied to learning objectives, and targets career and post-secondary education goals of individual students. Outcomes of the project included an increase in student population numbers and more connections with the local community.