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A Qualitative Study Into The Communication Surrounding The Initiation And Withdrawal Of Non-Invasive Ventilation (Niv) In People With Motor Neurone Disease, Charlotte Chapman

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Introduction

Motor neurone disease (MND) is a degenerative disease that adversely affects the nervous system and muscular control. Eventually respiratory muscles weaken, causing breathing, communication and swallowing difficulties, and ultimately, respiratory failure and death. Improved quality of life and potentially a short extension of life can be provided with non-invasive ventilation (NIV), which is offered to people with MND when symptoms of respiratory distress become evident.

It is recommended that end-of-life communication, encompassing the benefits and burdens of symptom-relieving interventions (NIV and percutaneous gastrostomy tube to assist with nutrition), NIV withdrawal (proposed when continued use is considered futile) and other …

Giving Voice To Women In The Sex Industry: A Voice-Centred Relational Model Based Qualitative Study, Leigh-Ann Sweeney, Jane Sixsmith, Michal Molcho

Journal of Social Care

This qualitative, exploratory research examines the barriers that prevent women in sex work in Ireland from accessing co-ordinated health and social care services. Using an adapted voice centred relational model (VCRM), the study examines the experiences of women engaged in sex work. The study underpins a feminist standpoint epistemology theoretical framework, and gives voice to minority groups who remain excluded from research, policy and practice. The findings indicate that women involved in sex work are primarily working indoors, hold precarious legal status and are in Ireland as a response to global migration and economic necessity. Street based sex work too, …

Exploring The Effects Of Gut Microbiota With The Association Of Parkinson’S Disease, Kristina Babic

BIO 410 Spring 2019 Research Papers

Parkinson’s disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder. It is associated with the central nervous system that affects movement, it often includes tremors, stiffness, and inability to plan and think. Nerve cell damage in the brain causes lower production of dopamine leading to those symptoms. There is no cure for Parkinson’s disease, but there are medications that can help control the symptoms. Researchers are suggesting that dysbiosis in gut microbiota could lead to the development of a protein called alpha synuclein in the intestines, and through intestinal leakage, this protein could possibly spread pathologically to the brain by the central nervous …

South Dakota State University One Hundred-Thirty-Third Undergraduate Commencement, May 4, 2019, Brookings, South Dakota, South Dakota State University

Commencement Programs

Please be advised that the names listed in the program do not constitute official confirmation of meeting the graduation requirements. The 133rd Undergraduate Commencement ceremonies at South Dakota State University, scheduled for May 4, 2019, will include morning and afternoon sessions. Each session will begin with remarks by University President Barry H. Dunn. Provost Dennis D. Hedge, Vice President for Academic Affairs, will acknowledge student honors. Lt. Col. Brian K. Schroeder and Lt. Col. Stephen Sewell will recognize Army and Air Force officers' commissions. The MORNING ceremony will confer degrees from the College of Agriculture, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Jerome …

South Dakota State University Graduate Commencement, May 4, 2019, Brookings, South Dakota, South Dakota State University

Commencement Programs

Please be advised that the names listed in the program do not constitute official confirmation of meeting the graduation requirements. The 132nd Undergraduate Commencement ceremonies at South Dakota State University, scheduled for May 5, 2018, will comprise morning, afternoon, and evening sessions. Each ceremony will begin with remarks by University President Barry H. Dunn. Provost Dennis D. Hedge, Vice President for Academic Affairs, will acknowledge student honors. Lt. Col. Brian K. Schroeder and Lt. Col. Corey Norris will recognize recipients of Army and Air Force commissions. The MORNING ceremony will confer degrees from the College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, …

Children Of Milagros: Bringing Aid To A Community Center In Need, Matthew Ashley

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

Children of Milagros, Inc. (COM) was organized for the charitable purposes of providing tuition for educational and developmental services to underprivileged children in the Dominican Republic. Currently COM offers aid to a sole beneficiary, Espacio Infantil Madison (EIM). EIM is a community center in Gurabo, Dominican Republic that provides a safe, educational environment for young children of low-income families. To establish a rationale for funding the space, this project explores the needs of the community as well as the present and future benefits of early childhood education and socialization for individuals. The remainder of this project discusses the founding of …

The Effects Of Post-Exercise Nutrient Intake On Hydration Status And Muscle Soreness Ratings In Youth Cyclists, Allison Cadematori

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

PURPOSE:Muscle soreness levels and hydration status are important indicators of recovery from high intensity endurance exercise, and can be influenced by post-exercise nutrient intake. Chocolate milk has been reported to be an effective recovery beverage in adults, as it contains carbohydrate, protein, and water/electrolytes at levels that are appropriate for refueling, muscle repair, and rehydration. However, few studies have tested the efficacy of chocolate milk for post-exercise recovery in adolescents. METHODS:Eight competitive teenage cyclists (5 male, 3 female; 16.1 ±1.1 y; 174.0 ±10.7 cm; 138.4 ±5.6 lbs; 61.8 ±8.2 ml/kg/min) completed three experimental trials, in randomly counterbalanced order. …

A Feasibility Study Of Industrial Hemp On Virginia Commercial Poultry Production, Aaron Sloss

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

This project sought to characterize industrial hemp as a potential competitive agricultural commodity for the state of Virginia. Specifically, industrial hempseed was evaluated as a feedstock for the commercial broiler (meat-chickens) industry in Virginia.

Data were gathered to identify both the advantages and disadvantages of industrial hempseed as a nutritional resource for broilers. Key nutritional compositions were identified, quantified, and compared to several common feed ingredients, such as soybean, wheat, corn, and sorghum. Hempseed (whole seed) was found to have a considerably high amino acid content, protein, fiber, and metabolizable energy – making it an attractive alternative to conventional feedstuffs. …

Economic Development And Peace: To Be Pursued In Tandem, Allison Fisher

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

Peace and economic development are often regarded as separate fields with little overlap. The association with the field of economics makes the latter seem more measurable, more tangible, and therefore more academic. However, a shift is taking place as peace practitioners and researchers discover ways to compare the level of peace within and between countries. Current research in peace studies shows a salient link between the level of economic development and the level of peace within societies. Researchers that work in these two fields must pursue them simultaneously and jointly. The purpose of this paper is to highlight evidence of …

Participant Accuracy And Impact Of Biofeedback On A Skilled Swallowing Task, Caris Giessler

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

Biofeedback is as a visual way to self-assess muscle contraction, particularly during rehabilitative exercises. Speech language pathologists and otolaryngologists have investigated the use of visual biofeedback in swallowing therapy, especially for volitional swallowing rehabilitative exercises such as the effortful swallow, which requires the patient to maximally swallow with all their strength. In contrast to the effortful swallow, “effortful skilled swallowing” is the ability to swallow with a specific and precise amount of effort, which is an emerging topic in dysphagia research. Dysphagia, also known as disordered swallowing, can be an organic congenital disorder treated via feeding tubes, or an acquired …

The Feasibility Of Standardized Cognitive Assessments For Vestibular Patients, Brynn Morales

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

Vestibular dysfunction, or impairments in the inner ear and/or brain structures that process sensory information and help control balance, has a high correlation with cognitive deficits, or problems with mental processes. This relationship negatively affects daily activities and quality of life in persons that live with vestibular dysfunction. Though there is sufficient research proving the relationship, few studies have applied that information in ways to better help the population with vestibular dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of a cognitive assessment battery (a set of correlated assessments delivered in one session) tailored to measuring performance …

2019 Spring - Commencement Program, Office Of The Registrar, East Tennessee State University

ETSU Commencement Ceremonies and Programs

No abstract provided.

Investigations Of The Mechanism Of Action For Lung Cancer Cell Death By A 4-Trifluoromethoxy Substituted Chalcone, Trevor M. Stantliff

Undergraduate Theses

Chalcones are a diphenyl compound that serves as a natural precursor to flavonoids in plants. Chalcones have been shown to have anticancer and antimicrobial activities. Chemoprevention activity of chalcones are of high interest in medicinal chemistry because of the simple laboratory synthesis and modification via Claisen-Schmidt condensation. Previously this lab created and screened a library of synthetic chalcones against A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell line for antiproliferation properties. We identified a strong drug candidate (4-trifluoromethoxy substituted chalcone) for A549 growth inhibition. However, the cause of inhibition by the substituted chalcone remains to be identified We began to explore the mechanism of …

Relationship Between Binge Eating Disorder And Circadian Chronotype, Leon B. Jons

Theses & Dissertations

Binge eating disorder (BED) is a common condition in the general population and is more common in individuals with obesity. The later timing of food intake has been associated with an increase incidence of obesity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between circadian chronotype and BED in a population of individuals with obesity. The sample consists of a retrospective review of 170 subjects presenting to an obesity medicine clinic who had been clinically evaluated for BED and chronotype.

No significant correlation was found between BED and a late chronotype in this population. In a secondary analysis …

The Relationship Between Health Literacy And Self-Management, Carli A. Zegers

Theses & Dissertations

Health literacy is an evolving concept, impacting all areas of health care. There is a need for improved understanding of the concept and its relationship with self-management especially in the United States (US) where health literacy has been limited to functional health literacy consisting of basic reading and writing. Health literacy is defined as the “ability to obtain, understand, and apply health information for healthcare decisions” (Nielsen, 2004, p. 32) and has been expanded into three sub-concepts of functional, communicative, and critical health literacy. The purpose of this dissertation is to explore and better understand the relationship between health literacy …

Examining The Effects Of Approaches On Reducing Hospital Utilization: The Patient-Centered Medical Home, Continuity Of Care, And The Inpatient Palliative Consultation At The End-Of-Life, Xiaoting Sun

Theses & Dissertations

Background: It has become a national priority to reduce the high health care expenditure in the United States while improving the quality of care. Hospital care is taking up one-third of the healthcare spending, and services offered in hospitals are costly compared to others. Only one-twentieth of the patients with high-needs account for about half of the health care spending. They consuming a high level of hospital services if their conditions are not well-managed in the outpatient settings. Therefore, it is important to examine the effectiveness of the approaches that have the potentials to reduce costly care utilization through improvements …

Decreasing Resistance To Change In The Form Of Food Selectivity For Children With Autism, Jaime G. Crowley

Theses & Dissertations

Repetitive and restricted response patterns are a core symptom of autism spectrum disorder, and resistance to change is a behavioral subcategory of these symptoms. Food selectivity, consumption of a limited variety of foods and liquids or rigidity during mealtime routines, is a common change-resistant behavior of children with autism that may increase the child’s risk for severe health problems such as obesity and additional learning and behavior problems (Freedman, Dietz, Srinivasan, & Berenson, 1999). Unexpected changes in routines or in the environment can cause behavioral outbursts that are disruptive or potentially dangerous to the child, caregiver, or property and increase …

Evaluation Of The Role Of Microvascular Pathology On Peripheral Artery Disease, Constance Mietus

Theses & Dissertations

Background: Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) begins with atherosclerotic narrowing of arteries, including those that supply the legs. Individuals with PAD experience pain during walking, which becomes increasingly limiting. Studies from our group and others have shown that a myopathy is present in the skeletal muscle of PAD patients, and is characterized by myofiber degeneration, fibrosis, and remodeling of vessels ranging from 50 – 150 mm in diameter. However, microvascular pathology, particularly of the smallest microvessels (5 – 15 mm in diameter) remains poorly characterized. Furthermore, little is known about the relationships between microvascular architecture, microperfusion, and patient walking performance. We …

Molecular Mechanisms Governing Muscle Wasting In Cancer, Aneesha Dasgupta

Theses & Dissertations

Pancreatic cancer is the third-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. About 80 percent of the pancreatic cancer patients suffer from cachexia and, about one-third die due to complexities related to the syndrome. Cachexia leads to a loss in body weight and cachectic patients are refractory to chemotherapy. Despite recent advances, the mechanisms of pancreatic cancer- cachexia and the potential therapeutic interventions remain poorly evaluated.

Sirtuins represent a class of proteins that are regulated by metabolic fluctuations in tissues. We observed a reduced expression of Sirt1 in spontaneous PDAC mice muscles, human pancreatic cancer muscles, and myotubes treated …

Targeting Oncogenic Protein Sythesis In Myc-Driven B Cell Lymphoma, Xuan Zhang

Theses & Dissertations

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are aggressive tumors of mature B cells that can be distinguished based on histomorphological, phenotypic, and genetic features. B-cell lymphoma unclassifiable, with features intermediate between BL and DLBCL (BCL-U) is a subset of mature B cell lymphoma contains one or more features that overlap BL and DLBCL. Previous molecular analyses prove there is a biological continuum between BL and DLBCL based on the activity of MYC. Herein, in order to resolve the molecular heterogeneity of BCL-U, we tested whether a targeted expression profiling panel could categorize tumors as BL and DLBCL. …

The Correlation Between Undergraduate Students Who Attend The University Recreation Center And Students Exhibiting Symptoms Of An Eating Disorder, Olivia Daniels

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

Background: The prevalence of eating disorders on college campuses indicates an important issue in contemporary society. As students experience a heightened level of freedom, they have the option to explore multiple forms of weight- management, including compulsive exercise.

Methodology: An online survey was distributed to female undergraduate students(n=206) at James Madison University.

Results: A significant relationship was found between eating disorder symptomology and where participants decided to spend their time at the University Recreation Center (UREC), as well as what type of physical activity they chose to perform. A significant inverse relationship between increasing muscle mass and burning calories was …

Increasing Food Security: Developing And Testing A Nutrition Education Curriculum For A Mobile Food Pantry, Alexandra Lepecha, Kathleen M. Kraft

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

Background: The Neighborhood Produce Market (NPM) is a food distribution model similar to a mobile food pantry. NPM stakeholders observed a lack of community engagement and familiarity with produce offered.

Project Description: The objective was to develop a nutrition education curriculum for NPM volunteers to better engage families and community members by providing food samples, recipes, and nutrition education. A stakeholder steering committee guided the needs assessment, curriculum development, volunteer training, and pilot test. The curriculum consisted of food safety, cultural considerations, and nutritional information for nine produce items and food tasting procedures and recipes. Seven student volunteers were trained …

An Examination Of Factors Associated With Body Appreciation, Sociocultural Attitudes Of Appearance, And Ratings Of Diverse Performing Artists, Stephanie Rathjen

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

Introduction: Multiple studies have found that performing artists have low body image which may be associated with the media’s portrayal of performers. Low body image can cause negative health effects including depression and eating disorders. This study explores body attitudes among performing and non-performing arts students and the possible media influences on those attitudes.

Methods: Undergraduate students (n=522) were asked to participate in an anonymous online survey regarding their perceptions of their individual body perception. During the survey, they were randomized to watch a video depicting either slim mostly Caucasian performers (video A) or performers of different ethnicities …

The Reproducibility Crisis In Scientific Research, Sarah Eline

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

Following the push for evidence based practice, came a huge proliferation of research journals and journal articles. With this increase in quantity came an increased concern about the quality of these articles being published, which led to a multifield investigation regarding the reproducibility of scientific research. With studies in the fields of psychology and biomedicine only reaching approximately a 30% reproducibility rate, a conversation has been sparked that spans across every field of research. Upon further investigation, various causes for this reproducibility crisis have surfaced which include, lack of data sharing/ transparency, statistical errors, funding corruption, and the culture surrounding …

Booklet, Altrusa International 66th Annual District Three Conference Information, Augusta, Georgia May 2-4, 2019, Altrusa International

Altrusa International of Tampa Bay, Inc. - Records

The information packet for the Altrusa International Inc. 66th Annual District Three Conference in Augusta, Georgia on May 2-4, 2019.

Nurse-Led Design And Development Of An Expert System For Pressure Ulcer Management, Débora Abranches, Dympna O'Sullivan, Jon Bird

Conference papers

The use of Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) is known to enable better care outcomes by promoting a consistent way of treating patients. This paper describes a user-centered design approach involving nurses, to develop a prototype expert system for modelling CPGs for Pressure Ulcer management. The system was developed using Visirule, a software tool that uses a graphical approach to modeling knowledge. The system was evaluated by 5 staff nurses and compared nurses’ time and accuracy to assess a wound using CPGs accessed via the Intranet of an NHS Trust and the expert system. A post task qualitative evaluation revealed that …

The Legal Determinants Of Health: Harnessing The Power Of Law For Global Health And Sustainable Development, Lawrence O. Gostin, John T. Monahan, Jenny Kaldor, Mary Debartolo, Eric A. Friedman, Katie Gottschalk, Susan C. Kim, Ala Alwan, Agnes Binagwaho, Gian Luca Burci, Luisa Cabal, Katherine Deland, Timothy Grant Evans, Eric Goosby, Sara Hossain, Howard Koh, Gorik Ooms, Mirta Roses Periago, Rodrigo Uprimny, Alicia E. Yamin

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

Health risks in the 21st century are beyond the control of any country. In an era of globalization, promoting public health and equity requires cooperation and coordination both within and among states. Law can be a powerful tool for advancing global health, yet it remains significantly underutilised and poorly understood. Working in partnership, public health lawyers and health professionals can become champions for evidence-based laws to ensure the public’s health and safety.

The O'Neill Institute/Georgetown University Lancet Commission on Law and Global Health articulates the vital role of law – through legal instruments, legal capacities, and institutional reforms, as well …

Opioid Withdrawal Post Incarceration, Samantha Spampinato

CURCE Annual Undergraduate Conference

This literature review attempts to provide a more complete understanding of the increasing opioid concern and its detrimental effects from withdrawal in incarcerated individuals. Opioid-related fatal overdoses will significantly decrease with the implementation of opioid treatment in jails and prisons nationwide. The incarcerated populations that are typically affected by Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) include about 8.5% of Hispanics and Whites, and about 7.4% of Blacks. One solution involves Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT) with the use of opioid agonists, such as methadone and buprenorphine-naloxone. These medications offer a slow release of dopamine and can reduce the patient’s opioid withdrawal effects. However, fewer …

Smoothing It Out, Andrea Villegas

Writing Waves

Keywords: Breakfast, Smoothies, Health, Food, Activity System

Abiotic Controls On Endosymbiotic Algal Communities And Their Implications For Coral Bleaching Susceptibility And Recovery, Ana Maria Palacio-Castro

Open Access Dissertations

Ocean warming, acidification, and nutrient pollution are threatening the persistence of coral reef ecosystems worldwide. This dissertation assessed the effects of these stressors on the disruption of the coral-algal symbiosis (bleaching) and aimed to identify factors that promote more resistant holobiont partnerships. I used highly sensitive qPCR assays to monitor dynamic changes in Symbiodiniaceae algal communities during heat stress and recovery, and during the exposure to elevated nutrients and CO2. During natural bleaching events in Florida and Panama, I evaluated the potential for multiple coral species to increase their temperature tolerance through the acquisition of thermotolerant symbionts (Chapters 2 and …