Digital Commons Network^™

Forward Osmosis Flow Rate Differential Using Different Osmotic Agents, John M. Trzinski

Beyond: Undergraduate Research Journal

Life support is one of the most vital systems flown on manned spaceflight missions. The systems currently used are large, heavy, inefficient, and power consuming in an environment that requires nearly perfect conditions to function. Forward Osmosis (FO) is a form of filtration that uses the natural properties of water and concentration gradients to filter water without the need for any electricity. An experiment was conducted during the Embry Riddle Summer 2018 study abroad to the LUNARES research station in Piła, Poland. This experiment explored how the flow rate of water through a FO filtration system could be affected by …

Student Affairs And Retention Committee, May 9, 2019, Coastal Carolina University

Board of Trustees Committee Minutes

No abstract provided.

Rising Rural Body-Mass Index Is The Main Driver Of The Global Obesity Epidemic In Adults, Honor Bixby, James Bentham, Bin Zhou, Mariachiara Di Cesare, Christopher J. Paciorek, James E. Bennett, Cristina Taddei, Gretchen A. Stevens, Andrea Rodriguez-Martinez, Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco, Young Ho Khang, Maroje Sorić, Edward W. Gregg, J. Jaime Miranda, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta

Journal Articles

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities1,2. This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity3–6. Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% …

The Weekly Challenger, May 9, 2019, The Weekly Challenger, Et Al

Weekly Challenger Newspaper Collection

The May 9, 2019, issue of The Weekly Challenger.

Designing Emotional Content Into The Mouthfeel Of Food, Shahd Zubier

Theses

Processed foods may lack nutritional value; however, they are inexpensive, convenient, and highly palatable or satisfying to consumers. All of these factors impact the relationships we have with food. One of the reasons why processed foods are enjoyable is the variation of sensorial qualities it provides. Our senses facilitate our connection with food, we observe the color and form visually, we examine the texture with our hands and mouth, we hear the crunch of a crispy chip. All of these factors are considered in the realm of food design. Designers can contribute to this area by applying the Design Thinking …

Dayton Native, May Graduate Named National Student Employee Of The Year, University Of Dayton

News Releases

The National Student Employment Association has named Julianne Evans, a graduating dietetics major at the University of Dayton, 2019 National Student Employee of the Year in recognition of her work to address food insecurity and hunger in greater Dayton.

Rising Rural Body-Mass Index Is The Main Driver Of The Global Obesity Epidemic In Adults, Honor Bixby, James Bentham, Bin Zhou, Mariachiara Di Cesare, Christopher J. Paciorek, James E. Bennett, Cristina Taddei, Gretchen A. Stevens, Andrea Rodriguez-Martinez, Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco, Young Ho Khang, Maroje Sorić, Edward W. Gregg, J. Jaime Miranda, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Stefan Savin, Marisa K. Sophiea, Maria L.C. Iurilli, Bethlehem D. Solomon, Melanie J. Cowan, Leanne M. Riley, Goodarz Danaei, Pascal Bovet, Adela Chirita-Emandi, Ian R. Hambleton, Alison J. Hayes, Nayu Ikeda, Andre P. Kengne, Avula Laxmaiah, Yanping Li

All Works

© 2019, The Author(s). Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities1,2. This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity3–6. Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant …

Effects Of Temperature On Microbial Parameters Associated With Decaying Plant Litter In A Stream Microcosm Experiment, Hunter David Pates

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Increases in mean surface air temperature under climate-change predictions are expected to affect microbial activity, as well as carbon dynamics in aquatic ecosystems. I explored responses of litter-associated decomposers along temperature ranges typical of temperate streams in laboratory microcosms simulating stream conditions. The objectives of this study were to determine (1) whether the effects of temperature on stream leaf-associated microorganisms can be explained by the Metabolic Theory of Ecology (MTE); (2) if the effects of temperature are the same across temperatures commonly found in temperate streams; and (3) if there are differences in the magnitude of responses to temperature among …

To Bee Or Not To Bee, Michael Davids

Seattle Journal of Environmental Law

Honey bees are the oil that keeps our agriculture system functioning and productive, yet beekeepers are one of the honey bee’s largest stressors. Bees are hived in uninsulated boxes, shipped thousands of miles to pollinate monoculture crops that affect their diet, and bred to produce less propolis—a valuable substance bees make to protect themselves, but neither federal nor state addresses these issues. This article proposes that the USDA and APHIS, as well as state agriculture agencies regulate hive design to mimic bees’ natural hives, regulate the design of truck trailers to trick bees into believing they are stationary, and change …

An Exploration Into The Benefits, Challenges, And Potential Of Telehealth In The United States: A Mississippi Case Study, Ann Weston Sistrunk

Honors Theses

Healthcare in the United States is in need of new solutions to provide access to care for all and decrease the rising costs of care. Telehealth is a developing model of healthcare delivery, and it will provide effective and equitable solutions to increase access to healthcare across the nation. As models of healthcare rapidly change, telehealth will continue to progress, but it is necessary for policy to complement the rapidly changing healthcare environment so that telehealth implementation can be successful. Along with access, telehealth has the opportunity to address many convenience barriers to healthcare, including distribution and number of practitioners, …

Predominant Complications Of Type 2 Diabetes In Kumasi: A 4-Year Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study At A Teaching Hospital In Ghana, Max Efui Annani-Akollor, Otchere Addai-Mensah, Linda Ahenkorah Fondjo, Lorraine Sallah, Eddie-Williams Owiredu, Emmanuel Acheampong, Solomon Akamugri

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background and objectives: Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) has been associated with several microvascular and macrovascular complications. However, studies regarding the predominant complications of T2DM in Ghana have not been conducted. This study evaluated the prevalence and predominant complications of T2DM and assessed the sociodemographic factors associated with the development of diabetes-related complications in Kumasi, Ghana. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), Kumasi, Ghana. A total of 1600 Ghanaian T2DM adults were included in this study. Patients’ clinical data from 2012 to 2016 were retrieved from the hospital’s archive. Results: …

Analysis Of The Gut-Brain Axis In Aging: Implications In Alzheimer Disease, Molly Martin, Mary Austin, Denah Appelt

Research Day

The gut microbiome is comprised of the shared genome of the trillions of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal ecosystem. The interaction between the host and its gut microbiome, the Gut-Bran Axis (GBA), is a complex relationship whose management could prove critical to preventing or treating not only various gut disorders, like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or behavioral health disorders such as general depression and anxiety, but also central nervous system (CNS) disorders, such as Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) diseases. The purpose of this review is to summarize what is currently known about the gut microbiome, how it is connected …

The Role Of Nad Salvage Pathway Proteins In Proteotoxicity Suppression, Andrea Ruetenik

Open Access Theses

Neurodegenerative proteopathies result from neurotoxicity induced by the misfolding and oligomerization of disease-specific proteins. These proteopathies include polyglutamine (polyQ) disorders such as Huntington’s disease (HD), a-synucleinopathies such as Parkinson’s disease, and tauopathies such as Alzheimer’s disease. Previous work from our lab and others has shown robust suppression of proteoxicity through the overexpression of NMA1/NMNAT and other NAD⁺ biosynthetic enzymes in yeast, flies, and mice. However, the precise mechanism involved in this suppression remains controversial. To investigate this question further, we used a yeast model of Huntington’s as well as in vitro assays to evaluate how NMA1 and other yeast …

Purple Passion Fruit, Passiflora Edulis Sims F. Edulis, Variability For Photosynthetic And Physiological Adaptation In Contrasting Environments, Nohra C. Rodríguez, Luz M. Melgarejo, Matthew W. Blair

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Purple passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis) is a tropical juice source. The goal of this project was to evaluate photosynthetic and physiological variability for the crop with the hypotheses that landraces contain the diversity to adapt to higher elevation nontraditional growing environments and this is dependent on specific parameters of ecological adaptation. A total of 50 genotypes of this crop were chosen from divergent sources for evaluations of their eco-physiological responses in two equatorial locations at different altitudes in the Andes Mountains, a center of diversity for the species. The germplasm included 34 landraces, 8 commercial cultivars, and …

Associations Of Adiposity And Diet Quality With Serum Ceramides In Middle-Aged Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Margaret A. Drazba, Ida Holaskova, Nadine R. Sahyoun, Melissa Ventura Marra

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Rates of adverse cardiovascular events have increased among middle-aged adults. Elevated ceramides have been proposed as a risk factor for cardiovascular events. Diet quality and weight status are inversely associated with several traditional risk factors; however, the relationship to ceramides is less clear. This study aimed to determine associations of adiposity and diet quality with circulating ceramides in middle-aged adults (n = 96). Diet quality was estimated using the Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015). Serum ceramide concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. A ceramide risk score was determined based on ceramides C16:0, C18:0, and C24:1 and their ratios to …

Prevention And Management Of Sport-Related Concussions In Uganda: A Case Study, Samuel Lubega, Mike Lambert, Timothy Makubuya, Shelina Babul, Haruna Muwonge, Robert Zavuga, Josephine Kasolo, Joseph Kalanzi

Educator Preparation & Leadership Faculty Works

Head injuries in sports often go unnoticed and untreated with a risk of increasing the severity of neurological difficulties for affected athletes. While there is much research on athletes in developed countries, the data on athletes from developing countries is lacking. Using a descriptive case study approach, this report focuses on concussions from four main sports (football, athletics, basketball and rugby). Emphasis was placed on those athletes who had been identified with a sport-related concussion (SRC). The phases of emergency, intermediate, rehabilitative, and return to sports participation were considered in this study. Three SRC cases from both male and female …

Faculty, Staff Selected For Global Connections Program (May 8, 2019), University Communications And Marketing

OHIO News Articles Archive

No abstract provided.

Erg1a Potassium Channel Abundance Varies Within Specific Skeletal Muscle And Fiber Type, Luke Anderson

Honors Theses

Skeletal muscle atrophy results from an imbalance of protein degradation and protein synthesis which produces a net loss of protein. This loss occurs mainly through the ubiquitin proteasome pathway (UPP). The ether-a-go-go related gene (ERG1A) is a voltage-gated K⁺ ­­channel that is upregulated in atrophying skeletal muscle. Expression of ERG1A in skeletal muscle increases UPP activity and induces atrophy. Because ERG1A appears variably expressed in muscles composed of mixed fiber types and is a K⁺ channel which has the potential to modulate contraction speed by enhancing repolarization, we hypothesized that ERG1A would be more abundant in slow-twitch fibers …

From The Book Page To The Big Screen: An Exploration Of Literature-To-Film Adaptions And Their Use In The Classroom, Natalie Hahn

Senior Honors Theses

Many classic titles of children’s literature have been adapted into feature film presentations. Although often regarded as a mere form of entertainment, movies can and should be incorporated into the elementary classroom as supplementary material to be paired with their corresponding works of literature. The four examples provided include Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs by Judi Barrett, A Wrinkle in Time by Madeleine L’Engle, The Giver by Lois Lowry, and Peter Pan by J. M. Barrie. Each of these four works originated as a book that was later recreated into a film format with varying degrees of accuracy to …

Improving The Food Safety Of Louisiana Strawberry Industry, Jose L. Brandao Delgado

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella sp., and Listeria monocytogenes have been linked to foodborne outbreaks in produce. The most recent outbreaks in produce have been associated with irrigation water due to infiltration of well water or water run-off from contaminated sources. The Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) requires all irrigation water to be safe for use on produce, as a strategy to reduce foodborne illnesses. A surfactant modified zeolite (SMZ) filtration system could provide produce farmers with a sustainable low-cost system for high-quality and safe irrigation water. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of hexadecyltrimethylammonium …

Rising Rural Body-Mass Index Is The Main Driver Of The Global Obesity Epidemic In Adults, Con Burns, Tara Coppinger, Janette Walton, Et Al

Publications

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities1,2. This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity3,4,5,6. Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to …

Addressing The Issue Of Food Insecurity On College Campuses, Linda L. Thompson, Mateja R. Savoie-Roskos, Alisha R. Farris, Kristin Riggsbee, Sa'nealdra Wiggins

Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

Food insecurity among college students is becoming a more widely recognized issue across the country. Recent studies report between 30-50% of college students experience some level of food insecurity, a rate that is nearly two-fold higher than the general public. Although food insecurity has likely existed among this population for many years, it has recently become more intensely studied potentially due to the changing demographic characteristics of the average student. More than ever before, students are single parents, full-time employees, and/or first generation college students. These nontraditional students often experience financial obligations that can impact their ability to access an …

An Ecological Assessment Of Ectoparasites On Rodents, Rebecca Butler

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

Relationships of ectoparasiteson small-mammal hosts from hardwood forest, pine forest, and grass/forb habitats at The Hobart Ames Plantation in southwestern Tennessee were investigated. Five rodent species (Peromyscus leucopus, Sigmodon hispidus, P. maniculatus, Microtus pinetorum, and Ochrotomys nuttalli) were captured and examined for ectoparasites. Ectoparasites (Amblomma maculatum, A. americanum, Dermacentor variabilis, Ixodes scapularis, Xenopsylla cheopis, Orchopeas howardii) were collected from the rodents and screened for the presence of Rickettsia, a spotted fever group bacterium. Analyses yielded neutral interspecific relationships between D. variabilis and I. scapularis on the rodent host P. leucopus, statistically significant relationships between tick burden and sex, age, and …

A Comparison Of Exercise Interventions From Bed Rest Studies For The Prevention Of Musculoskeletal Loss, Nagarjun N. Konda, Rama S. Karri, Andrew Winnard, Mona Nasser, Simon Evetts, Eilis Boudreau, Nick Caplan, David Gradwell, Rochelle M. Velho

More Faculty of Health Research

Musculoskeletal loss in actual or simulated microgravity occurs at a high rate. Bed rest studies are a reliable ground-based spaceflight analogue that allow for direct comparison of intervention and control participants. The aim of this review was to investigate the impact of exercise compared to no intervention on bone mineral density (BMD) and muscle cross-sectional area (muscle CSA) in bed rest studies relative to other terrestrial models. Eligible bed rest studies with healthy participants had an intervention arm with an exercise countermeasure and a control arm. A search strategy was implemented for MEDLINE. After screening, eight studies were identified for …

Culturally Responsive Social Work Methods For Use With Indigenous Peoples, Sara Davidson Cowling

Student Research Symposium

The history of the American social work profession and its interactions with Indigenous people is intimately connected to colonial imperialism. Social workers have been complicit and outright participatory in various forms of settler state violence, especially in the form of forced cultural assimilation through the Indian Adoption Project and Indian Residential schools. While these institutions are now closed, and federal law ostensibly prevents such harms from recurring, Indigenous people are often rightfully suspect of social workers and the work they do.

How can non-Indigenous people approach the profession of social work through a decolonizing lens? How can we center Indigenous …

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associations Across Multiple Saltmarsh Plant Species Mitigating The Impacts Of Sea-Level Rise, Rayna Koberstein, Catherine E. De Rivera

Student Research Symposium

Sea level rise caused by climate change will detrimentally impact saltmarsh habitats by increasing the elevation and rate of terrestrial salt water inundation, thereby reducing effective functionality of ecosystem services provided by saltmarshes. Facilitation is key to community structuring and function in habitats characterized by abiotic stress, such as salt marshes. Halophytic plants within salt marshes can benefit from symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) facilitations through increased inundation tolerance, greater nutrient availability and uptake, alleviation from drought stress and relief from saline stress.

Through this research, land managers developing sea-level rise mitigation plans will have data supporting which plants will …

Inducing Incentive Sensitization Of Exercise Reinforcement Among Adults Who Do Not Regularly Exercise—A Randomized Controlled Trial, Kyle D. Flack, Kelsey Elise Ufholz, Luann Johnson, James N. Roemmich

Dietetics and Human Nutrition Faculty Publications

Background

Increasing exercise reinforcement, or decreasing sedentary reinforcement, may reduce sedentary activity and promote habitual exercise. Repeated exposures to a reinforcer may increase its reinforcing value (i.e., incentive sensitization). It is not yet known whether incentive sensitization occurs for exercise or factors associated with incentive sensitization for exercise reinforcement. The purpose was to determine whether exercise exposures increase exercise reinforcement relative to a sedentary alternative and whether this sensitization of exercise reinforcement would alter physical or sedentary behavior. This work also determined whether exercise dose, intensity, and preference and tolerance for exercise intensity were associated with incentive sensitization of exercise. …

2019 May 7 - Medical Student Education Committee Minutes, Medical Student Education Committee, East Tennessee State University

Medical Student Education Committee Minutes

No abstract provided.

Arkansas Principal Preparedness To Identify And Assist Students With Mental Health Needs, Candra Leigh Brasel

Theses and Dissertations from 2019

There is a growing need for children’s mental health services. With the majority of their time spent at school, educators are often the first adults in a child’s life to identify and assist students with mental health needs. However, oftentimes educators do not have the education and training needed to assist students with accessing quality mental health services. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the preparedness of Arkansas public school principals to assist students with mental health needs in this rapidly changing era of education. The participant sample of the study consisted of 133 Arkansas public school …

Cardiorespiratory Fitness And The Risk Of First Acute Myocardial Infarction: The Hunt Study, Rajesh Shigdel, Håvard Dalen, Xuemei Sui, Carl J. Lavie, Ulrik Wisløff, Linda Ernstsen

Faculty Publications

Background

The majority of studies evaluating cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) as a cardiovascular risk factor use cardiovascular mortality and not cardiovascular disease events as the primary end point, and generally do not include women. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of estimated CRF (eCRF) with the risk of first acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Methods and Results

We included 26 163 participants (51.5% women) from the HUNT study (Nord‐Trøndelag Health Study), with a mean age of 55.7 years, without cardiovascular disease at baseline. Baseline eCRF was grouped into tertiles. AMI was derived from hospital records and deaths from …