Digital Commons Network^™

Taxonomic Features And Comparison Of The Gut Microbiome From Two Edible Fungus-Farming Termites (Macrotermes Falciger, M. Natalensis) Harvested In The Vhembe District Of Limpopo, South Africa, Stephanie L. Schnorr, Courney A. Hofman, Shandukani R. Netschifhefhe, Frances D. Duncan, Tanvi P. Honap, Julie Lesnik, Cecil M. Lewis

Anthropology Faculty Research

Background Termites are an important food resource for many human populations around the world, and are a good supply of nutrients. The fungus-farming ‘higher’ termite members of Macrotermitinae are also consumed by modern great apes and are implicated as critical dietary resources for early hominins. While the chemical nutritional composition of edible termites is well known, their microbiomes are unexplored in the context of human health. Here we sequenced the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene of gut microbiota extracted from the whole intestinal tract of two Macrotermes sp. soldiers collected from the Limpopo region of South Africa. Results …

Textured Shoe Insoles To Improve Balance Performance In Adults With Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: Study Protocol For A Randomised Controlled Trial, Anna L. Hatton, Elise M. Gane, Jayishni N. Maharaj, Joshua Burns, Joanne Paton, Graham Kerr, Keith Rome

School of Health Professions

IntroductionPeripheral neuropathy is a major risk factor for falls in adults with diabetes. Innovative footwear devices which artificially manipulate the sensory environment at the feet, such as textured shoe insoles, are emerging as an attractive option to mitigate balance and walking problems in neuropathic populations. This study aims to explore whether wearing textured insoles for 4 weeks alters balance performance in adults with diabetic peripheral neuropathy.Methods and analysisA prospective, single-blinded randomised controlled trial with parallel groups will be conducted on 70 adults with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Adults with a diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy (secondary to type 2 diabetes), aged ≥18 …

Participatory Food Events As Collaborative Public Engagement Opportunities, Clare Pettinger, Julie M. Parsons, Gayle Letherby, Miranda Cunningham, Lyndsey Withers, Andrew Whiteford

School of Health Professions

There is an urgent need to ‘get creative’ with the way we tackle social and nutritional inequalities. The Food as a Lifestyle Motivator (FLM) project has explored the use of creative participatory approaches to engage ‘harder to reach’ communities in dialogues to improve their well-being and life skills. Preliminary findings have confirmed that food can be a powerful catalyst for social inclusion with the potential to empower ‘marginalised’ individuals. Part of this exploratory study has involved two participatory food events (November 2015 and November 2016) run in a local day centre for drug and alcohol rehabilitation. The aim of these …

The Catch-22 Irony Of Child Labor And The Urgency For State Intervention, Ka Yee Lau

Augsburg Honors Review

Child labor (CL) has been found to enhance substantially the poorest households' chances for short-term survival. CL could also - it has been argued - facilitate CWs' socialization and development of moral values and survival skills. This article aims to demonstrate that these short-term benefits are considerably outweighed by the corresponding long-term detrimental repercussions on CWs' health, education, and earning potential in adulthood. While the poorest households might strategically employ CL as a last resort to ensure their short-term survival, it is CL per se that maintains these families in extreme poverty through the impediment to CWs' human capital accumulation, …

The Utah Statesman, July 16, 2019, Utah State University

The Utah Statesman

Weekly student newspaper of Utah State University in Logan.

Gut Microbiome: Profound Implications For Diet And Disease, Ronald D. Hills Jr., Benjamin A. Pontefract, Hillary R. Mishcon, Cody A. Black, Steven C. Sutton, Cory R. Theberge

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

The gut microbiome plays an important role in human health and influences the development of chronic diseases ranging from metabolic disease to gastrointestinal disorders and colorectal cancer. Of increasing prevalence in Western societies, these conditions carry a high burden of care. Dietary patterns and environmental factors have a profound effect on shaping gut microbiota in real time. Diverse populations of intestinal bacteria mediate their beneficial effects through the fermentation of dietary fiber to produce short-chain fatty acids, endogenous signals with important roles in lipid homeostasis and reducing inflammation. Recent progress shows that an individual’s starting microbial profile is a key …

Plant Based Meat Substitutes, Sensational Reporting, And Information Literacy, Rachel Robinson-Greene

Languages, Philosophy, and Communication Studies Faculty Publications

2019 has been a good year for plant-based meat replacements. In January, Carl’s Junior launched their Beyond Famous Star Burger, made with the plant-based Beyond Meat. The Mexican food franchise Del Taco launched tacos made with Beyond Meat at all of their franchises in April. The introduction of the vegan alternative has been a smash success, leading the company to release two additional products made with Beyond Meat to their menu in June of this year. Many other restaurants have recognized the consumer interest in meat-free options. Restaurants such as Burger King, White Castle, A&W, and Red Robin offer products …

An Exploration Of Colorectal Cancer Incidence Rates In North Dakota, Usa, Via Structural Equation Modeling, Gary G. Schwartz, Marilyn G. Klug, Bradley C. Rundquist

Geography & Geographic Information Science Faculty Publications

Purpose The state of North Dakota has one of the highest incidence rates for colorectal cancer in the USA. Its high incidence rate, coupled with a large variation in incidence rates among counties within the state, makes North Dakota a “natural laboratory” in which to investigate environmental clues to colorectal cancer. We conducted a hypothesis-generating study to explore potential determinants of colorectal cancer in North Dakota.

Methods We obtained county-specific incidence rates for North Dakota’s 53 counties from the statewide cancer registry and corresponding data on county demographic, agricultural, and geophysical features from population-based sources. Candidate demographic/agricultural variables included median …

University Funds Six Undergraduate Projects For Summer Research, Shea Stewart

University of Mississippi News

Projects explore topics from hearing loss to nutritional education

Improving The Early Learning Of Children Growing Up In Poverty: A Rapid Review Of The Evidence, N Axford, B Albers

Peninsula Medical School

No abstract provided.

Review Of Pediatric Care Online, Terri Gotschall

Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

This guide to scholarly activities provides early- and mid-career health sciences librarians with a path to immersing in scholarly activities. The four levels walk librarians through increasing stages of scholarship. Early-career librarians will begin at the first level, navigating from discovering mentors and areas of research interest to level two, publishing a resource or book review and finding their first public speaking opportunity. More experienced librarians will find where they are on the path and continue to build their scholarship all the way to conducting and publishing original research and becoming leaders in their field.

Are We Getting Better In Using Nitrogen?: Variations In Nitrogen Use Efficiency Of Two Cereal Crops Across The United States, Chaoqun Lu, Jien Zhang, Peiyu Cao, Jerry L. Hatfield

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Spatial variation and temporal trajectory of crop nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) have important implications for nitrogen management and environmental conservation. Previous studies have examined cross‐nation divergences in crop NUE but often overlooked its spatial heterogeneity and cross‐crop differences at subnational scales. We examined the relationship between state‐level NUE and nitrogen fertilizer use for two major fertilizer‐consuming crops, corn and winter wheat, which account for over half of national N fertilizer use in the United States. Since 1970, as N fertilizer use rates have changed, the responses of crop yield and NUE have exhibited large temporal and spatial variations. It is …

Climate Change, Snow Mold And The Bromus Tectorum Invasion: Mixed Evidence For Release From Cold Weather Pathogens, Danielle M. Smull, Nicole Pendleton, Andrew R. Kleinhesselink, Peter B. Adler

Ecology Center Publications

Climate change is reducing the depth and duration of winter snowpack, leading to dramatic changes in the soil environment with potentially important ecological consequences. Previous experiments in the Intermountain West of North America indicated that loss of snowpack increases survival and population growth rates of the invasive annual grass Bromus tectorum; however, the underlying mechanism is unknown. We hypothesized that reduced snowpack might promote B. tectorum population growth by decreasing damage from snow molds, a group of subnivean fungal pathogens. To test this hypothesis, we conducted greenhouse and field experiments to investigate the interaction between early snowmelt and either …

Testing The Tripartite Influence Model Among Heterosexual, Bisexual, And Lesbian Women, Vivienne M. Hazzard, Lauren M. Schaefer, Katherine Schaumberg, Anna M. Bardone-Cone, David A. Frederick, Kelly L. Klump, Drew A. Anderson, J. Kevin Thompson

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

This cross-sectional study explored similarities and differences between heterosexual, bisexual, and lesbian women in levels of, and relationships between, the following constructs using a Tripartite Influence Model framework: family, peer, and media appearance pressures, thin- and muscular-ideal internalization, and eating disorder (ED) pathology. Self-identified heterosexual (n = 1,528), bisexual (n = 89), and lesbian (n = 278) undergraduate women completed the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4 and the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire. Sexual orientation differences in appearance pressures, appearance-ideal internalization, and ED pathology were examined via analysis of variance tests. Relationships between these variables were examined with multi-group …

Subtypes In Patients With Opioid Misuse: A Prognostic Enrichment Strategy Using Electronic Health Record Data In Hospitalized Patients, Majid Afshar, Cara Joyce, Dmitriy Dligach, Brihat Sharma, Robert Kania, Meng Xie, Kristin Swope, Elizabeth Salisbury-Afshar, Niranjan S. Karnik

Biostatistics Collaborative Core: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Background: Approaches are needed to better delineate the continuum of opioid misuse that occurs in hospitalized patients. A prognostic enrichment strategy with latent class analysis (LCA) may facilitate treatment strategies in subtypes of opioid misuse. We aim to identify subtypes of patients with opioid misuse and examine the distinctions between the subtypes by examining patient characteristics, topic models from clinical notes, and clinical outcomes.

Methods: This was an observational study of inpatient hospitalizations at a tertiary care center between 2007 and 2017. Patients with opioid misuse were identified using an operational definition applied to all inpatient encounters. LCA with eight …

Serving High-Risk Youth In Context: Perspectives From Hong Kong, Chi-Kwan Shea, Nancy Jackson, Christine Haworth

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Background: High-risk youth are often defined in occupational therapy terminology as adolescents and young adults who experience personal, contextual, or environmental barriers to effective participation in healthy, age-appropriate occupations. Without assistance for participation, these youth may acquiesce to daily routines of unhealthy risk-taking or isolation, failing to achieve developmental milestones needed for successful transition to adulthood. There are known therapeutic services targeting this population, but occupational therapy involvements have been sparsely documented.

Method: Having been affiliated with a community-based occupational therapy program serving high-risk youth for many years in the US, the principal investigator of the study used …

Older Adults Learning Technology In An Intergenerational Program: Qualitative Analysis Of Areas Of Technology Requested For Assistance, Dara Lobuono, S. N. Leedahl, E. Maiocco

Rita & Larry Salva School of Nursing and Health Professions Departmental Research

Adults 65 and older are adapting to technology at a slower rate compared to the overall population. Research has shown that programs can assist older adults in learning and embracing technology. However, little information exists about what specific forms of technology older adults are interested in learning and for what purposes. To describe areas of technology older adults are interested in learning and why this study examined qualitative data from an intergenerational service-learning program in which students in higher education assist and mentor older adults with and about technology that older adults want to learn. Data was analyzed from in-depth …

Oral Hygiene In Intensive Care Units: A Survey On Protocol, Kayla J. Gallegos, Christine Nathe

Dental Hygiene ETDs

The purpose of this study was to learn about various Intensive Care Units’ current oral hygiene care protocols, nurses’ values, and interests in interprofessional collaboration with a dental professional. An online survey was created and intended recipients included 1,696 members of the Trauma ICU Nurses/Critical Care Medicine Facebook page. Participants were asked about their value of oral hygiene, oral hygiene education, and interest in interprofessional collaboration. Of the 1,696 nurses 34 (2%) opted to participate in this survey study. Findings from this study suggest that these nurses’ value oral health in themselves and in patients. Half of the survey participants …

Assessment Of Post-Discharge Health Care Utilization In Infants With Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome, Shikhar Shrestha

Pharmaceutical Sciences ETDs

Background/Objectives: Children born to mothers with opioid use disorder often show withdrawal effects characterized by increased stress, hyperirritability, tremors, tachycardia, sleep deprivation, and gastrointestinal discomfort, commonly known as “neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome” (NOWS). Studies have shown that the effect of NOWS can lead to several health-related disorders later in life leading to increased health care utilization. However, detailed study of post-discharge health care utilization, specifically focusing on encounters with the health care system is currently lacking in the literature. Our objective was to evaluate health care utilization in infants who were diagnosed with NOWS during a one-year follow-up period after …

Visit Unh Research Farms On Annual Durham Farm Day Aug. 17, Lori Tyler Gula

Media Relations

No abstract provided.

The Relationship Between Socioeconomic Status And White Matter Microstructure In Pre-Reading Children: A Longitudinal Investigation, Ola Ozernov-Palchik, Elizabeth S. Norton, Yingying Wang, Sara D. Beach, Jennifer Zuk, Maryanne Wolf, John D.E. Gabrieli, Nadine Gaab

Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior: Faculty Publications

Reading is a learned skill crucial for educational attainment. Children from families of lower socioeconomic status (SES) tend to have poorer reading performance and this gap widens across years of schooling. Reading relies on the orchestration of multiple neural systems integrated via specific white-matter pathways, but there is limited understanding about whether these pathways relate differentially to reading performance depending on SES background. Kindergarten white-matter FA and second-grade reading outcomes were investigated in an SES-diverse sample of 125 children. The three left-hemisphere white-matter tracts most associated with reading, and their right-hemisphere homologs, were examined: arcuate fasciculus (AF), superior longitudinal fasciculus …

User-Informed Medical Device Development: A Case Study For Pediatric Malnutrition Assessment., Kristi Thaete, Kasey Rowzer, Karen Stephens, Susan M. Abdel-Rahman

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Background. Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) has been extensively used to classify pediatric malnutrition. Recently, MUAC z score was recommended; however, the logistics of implementation were not addressed. This study examines the usability of a device that provides MUAC and corresponding z score range in a single device. Methods. This was a single-center study of nutrition services providers. The device was applied to children aged 2 months to 18 years admitted as inpatients or seen as outpatients. Surveys incorporated benchmarking questions, assessed the ease with which respondents could perform 6 critical tasks, and provided an open-ended question to elicit feedback. …

The Need For Novel Strategies To Address Postoperative Pain Associated With Cardiac Surgery: A Commentary And Introduction To “Smartview”, C Ouellette, S Henry, A Turner, W Clyne, Et Al

Peninsula Medical School

Background: With coronary heart disease affecting over 2.4 million Canadians, annual cardiac and major vascular surgery rates are on the rise. Unrelieved postoperative pain is among the top five causes of hospital readmission following surgery; little is done to address this postoperative complication. Barriers to effective pain assessment and management following cardiac and major vascular surgery have been conceptualized on patient, health care provider, and system levels. Purpose: In this commentary, we review common patient, health care provider, and system-level barriers to effective postoperative pain assessment and management following cardiac and major vascular surgery. We then outline the SMArTVIEW intervention, …

The Patient Safety Collaborative Evaluation Study (The Pisces Study), W Sheaff, R Bethune, N Doran, S Ball, A Medina-Lara, I Lang, M Fornasiero, J Mcgregor-Harper, M Harris

Peninsula Medical School

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Polygyny On Child Health And Determinants Of Birth Registration : The Case Of Nigerian Children, Uchechi Shirley Anaduaka

Lingnan Theses (MPhil & PhD)

This thesis contains three empirical essays focused on the impact of parental socioeconomic characteristics on early childhood outcomes, namely health and birth registration in Nigeria. The focus is motivated by the growing body of literature showing the crucial role the former play in shaping early childhood outcomes. Nigeria is of utmost concern because of the significant differences in parental socioeconomic characteristics (e.g. polygyny is widespread) and high rates of poor child outcomes (poor health and low birth registration). Identifying the impact of parental socioeconomic characteristics can allow more effective policy interventions for achieving sustainable development goals: health (SDG target 2.2) …

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Rs17337023 Polymorphism In Hypertensive Gestational Diabetic Women: A Pilot Study, Russell S. Martins, Taimur Ahmed, Sabah Farhat, Sana Shahid, Syeda Sadia Fatima

Medical College Documents

Background: Women with gestational diabetes mellitus have an increased risk of developing gestational hypertension, which can increase fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. In the past decade, single nucleotide polymorphisms in several genes have been identified as risk factors for development of gestational hypertension. The epidermal growth factor receptor activates tyrosine kinase mediated blood vessels contractility; and inflammatory cascades. Abnormalities in these mechanism are known to contribute towards hypertension. It is thus plausible that polymorphisms in the epidermal growth factor receptor gene would be associated with the development of hypertension in women with gestational diabetes.
Aim: To determine whether the …

Assessing Online Learning In Law Schools: Students Say Online Classes Deliver, Yvonne M. Dutton, Margaret Ryznar, Kayleigh Long

Denver Law Review

No abstract provided.

Presenting The Good Mother: Experiences Of Canadian Adolescent Mothers Living In Rural Communities, Karen A. Campbell, Corinne Hart

The Qualitative Report

Adolescent mothers and their children are at risk for suboptimal health outcomes making adolescent motherhood a public health concern. However, the experiences of rural-living adolescent mothers are not well understood. Using Lieblich, Tuval-Mahiach, and Zilber’s (1998) narrative methodology approach, the experiential accounts of three rural-living adolescent mothers was explored. Reflecting Goffman’s (1959) presentation of self, the findings of this study revealed how adolescent mothers attempted to construct and present their notion of being a good mother, while coping with complicating rural factors. The need to present as a good mother, the lack of anonymity associated with rural living, and geographical …

Information Needs And Resource Utilization Of Rice Farmers In Anyiin, Logo Local Government Area Of Benue State, Nigeria, Tondo Richard Iorver, Tofi Simon Ternenge Cln, Ugba Terlanga Cln, Akaaimo Gabriel Terhemen

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

ABSTRACT:

The study was design to investigate the information needs and resources utilization of rice farmers in Anyiin, Logo Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria.. The study adopted descriptive research design. The population of the study comprises rice farmers in Anyiin, Logo Local Government Area of Benue State. The sample size of 70 rice farmers was drawn from the population using simple random sampling technique. A self-design questionnaire was used as instrument of data collection. Frequency counts and percentages were used to analyzed the collected data. The findings of the study indicated that, rice farmers need information. The study …

Implementation Of An Inpatient Diabetes Team: Impact On Hypoglycemia Recurrence, Martha Bertin, Elva Diaz

All Publications

No abstract provided.