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2019

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Miradas Del Aislamiento Y Del Contacto: Una Crónica Sobre Los Llamados Mashco Piro, Luis Felipe Torres Espinoza Dec 2019

Miradas Del Aislamiento Y Del Contacto: Una Crónica Sobre Los Llamados Mashco Piro, Luis Felipe Torres Espinoza

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

Este artículo presenta una breve crónica sobre la historia y el presente del pueblo indígena denominado mashco piro, considerado en situación de “aislamiento” por los gobiernos de Perú y Brasil. Además de considerar las amenazas externas que existen sobre sus territorios y sus modos de vida, se propone tomar en cuenta la agencia de los mashco piro al lidiar con este contexto. En este sentido, se plantea recurrir al conocimiento etnológico producido sobre aspectos clave de las sociedades indígenas de la Amazonia (como la guerra, el intercambio y el parentesco), para un entendimiento más completo de su forma de …


Asme Design Challenge: The Jenga Stacker, Zachary Lin, Alex Chernauskas, Mitch Dorsey, Alex Remmers Dec 2019

Asme Design Challenge: The Jenga Stacker, Zachary Lin, Alex Chernauskas, Mitch Dorsey, Alex Remmers

Mechanical Engineering Design Project Class

The 2020 ASME Design Challenge requires teams to build a compact engineering system capable of manufacturing a tower made exclusively from standard-sized sheets of paper. The validation of the design will include testing for manufacturing speed, height of tower, and ability to support a load. Our senior design project focuses on the stacking mechanism and is designed to stack a 4 in x 4 in tower out of prepared 4 in x 1.5 in x 1.75 in paper boxes from the ground up.


External Voting In Developing Countries: Strategic Bargaining And The Role Of Remittances, Hafthor Erlingsson Dec 2019

External Voting In Developing Countries: Strategic Bargaining And The Role Of Remittances, Hafthor Erlingsson

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

This study and numerous prior works have argued that remittances increase the likelihood that states will implement external voting. However, quantitative studies have generally failed to find a relationship between reliance on remittances and the adoption and implementation of external voting. In this study it is argued that the pooling of observations from developed and developing countries as well as autocracies and highly consolidated democracies has altered previous results. Most studies have also not investigated possible non-linearities in the relationship between remittances and external voting. The results of this study illustrate the non-linear influence remittances have on non-autocratic developing countries …


Consequences Of Math Anxiety And Stereotype Threat: An Intersectional Perspective, Jennifer E. John Buck Dec 2019

Consequences Of Math Anxiety And Stereotype Threat: An Intersectional Perspective, Jennifer E. John Buck

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Individuals with science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) skills are highly valued for their contribution to the U.S. workforce and society. However, women and some people of color enter STEM fields at lesser rates than do White men. Math anxiety and stereotype threat have been found to cause math performance decrements for women and some people of color. Presently, it is not clear how math anxiety and stereotype threat might work together to dually influence math performance and subsequent STEM participation. The current study focuses on a diverse sample of 295 undergraduate students who were randomly assigned to one of …


Utility Of Bench Scale Sand Tank Experiments At Assessing Permeable Reactive Barrier Design, Brandon Meier Dec 2019

Utility Of Bench Scale Sand Tank Experiments At Assessing Permeable Reactive Barrier Design, Brandon Meier

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The objective of this work was to evaluate the utility of bench scale sand tank experiments at assessing permeable reactive barrier (PRB) design. Our criteria for meeting this goal was that differences between PRB designs could be identified solely by measuring concentration in outflow from the sand tank models. For our PRB designs (funnel-and-gate, staggered wells, and parallel bars), numerical simulations clearly showed that PRB design had a quantifiable effect on outflow concentration, provided that the solute reacted with the PRB materials. Conversely, use of a conservative (non-reactive) solute did not allow us to discern between PRB design alternatives. Employing …


First-Personal Body Aesthetics As Affirmations Of Subjectivity, Madeline Martin-Seaver Dec 2019

First-Personal Body Aesthetics As Affirmations Of Subjectivity, Madeline Martin-Seaver

Contemporary Aesthetics (Journal Archive)

This paper redirects some of the philosophical discussion of sexual objectification. Rather than contributing further to debates over what constitutes objectification and whether it is harmful, I argue that aesthetic experience is a useful tool for resisting objectification. Attending to our embodied experiences provides immediate evidence that we are subjects; aesthetically attending to that evidence is a way of valuing it. I consider the human body as an aesthetic site, then as an ethico-aesthetic site, and finally as a site of resistance. In addition to deepening accounts of body aesthetic experience, this paper helps frame human bodies as integral to …


Analyzing Sentiments To Improve Transportation Services Using Nlp, Abdulnasser Ahli Dec 2019

Analyzing Sentiments To Improve Transportation Services Using Nlp, Abdulnasser Ahli

Theses

In the 21st century, social media apps like Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, Waze, Instagram, etc. are used by people to post their activities, sentiments, and feedback. Likewise, people are posting their experiences either positive or negative feedback or recommendation to improve the existing services of public transportation such as Buses, Tram, Metro, Taxis, Marines. Moreover, people are also posting about traffic conditions and accidents on the social media. However, at present most of the authorities depend on surveys and customer complaints to improve to knew people sentiments. This has very limited information because they cannot reach to all customers. Therefore, in …


Synthesis Of Gadolinium-Doxorubicin Prodrug Carrying Functional Nanoceria For The Targeted Drug Delivery And Cancer Treatment, Arth Patel Dec 2019

Synthesis Of Gadolinium-Doxorubicin Prodrug Carrying Functional Nanoceria For The Targeted Drug Delivery And Cancer Treatment, Arth Patel

Electronic Theses & Dissertations

The main focus of this research was the development of a polymer-coated nanoceria (PNC) platform to be used as a drug delivery system. Water-dispersible PNC is synthesized using a water-based alkaline precipitation method. Cerium nitrate hexahydrate and poly (acrylic acid) are used for the preparation of PNC. The synthesized PNC was characterized using ZETA, and UV- Vis characterization techniques. Polyacrylic acid (PAA)-coated cerium oxide nanoparticles fabricated for the targeted combination therapy of TNBC (MDA-MB-231) and MCF-7. Using EDC/NHS chemistry, the surface carboxylic acid groups of nanoceria was designed and synthesized with ICAM-1 antibody to target ICAM-1 overexpressing TNBC. Next, doxorubicin …


Mindfully Empowered Health (A Handout), University Of New England Applied Nutrition Program Dec 2019

Mindfully Empowered Health (A Handout), University Of New England Applied Nutrition Program

All Student-Created Educational Resources

This educational handout focuses on delivering the concept of Mindfulness to adolescent young women when choosing healthier food choices alongside appropriate portion sizes recommended by the 2,000 kcal/diet MyPlate Plan. Acknowledging that teen girls have a greater desire for autonomy in their food and exercise choices, the first side educates them on ways to monitor their healthy to not so healthy food choices utilizing the Traffic Light Diet concept. Colorful pictures alongside each section illustrate which choices correlate to “always appropriate”, “pause”, and “stop and think” foods. Portion size control is depicted through everyday objects so that the user can …


Teaching In A Multicultural And Demanding Society, Khalid Aada Dec 2019

Teaching In A Multicultural And Demanding Society, Khalid Aada

Writing and Language Studies Faculty Publications

What does involve leading a new experience of teaching and learning under the new paradigm of a true knowledge society? Is it about mastering the teaching experience through critical reflection, or knowing the natural and social environment in its multiple interactions? Isn’t it about favoring an educational environment where students are not only limited to participate in a traditional way, but expect to find meaning to their learning experience and be able to build the acquired knowledge? This article allows to identify different stages in the new educational models within a multicultural environment. In other words, a field where teachers …


Pengaruh Invigorasi Benih Hanjeli (Coix Lacryma-Jobi L.) Terdeteriorasi Terhadap Mutu Fisiologis Serta Dampaknya Terhadap Hasil, Sumadi, Tati Nurmala Dec 2019

Pengaruh Invigorasi Benih Hanjeli (Coix Lacryma-Jobi L.) Terdeteriorasi Terhadap Mutu Fisiologis Serta Dampaknya Terhadap Hasil, Sumadi, Tati Nurmala

Jurnal Kultivasi

Invigorasi benih merupakan upaya perbaikan mutu benih terdeteriorasi dengan berbagai zat pengatur tumbuh, pestisida yang diperkaya dengan hormon tumbuh, dan agen hayati. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menentukan substansi yang tepat bagi invigorasi benih hanjeli terdeteriorasi serta dampaknya terhadap hasil biji Benih bermutu tinggi merupakan salah faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman.Percobaan pot dilaksanakan mulai bulan November 2015 sampai dengan Juni 2016 di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran, kampus Jatinangor, Sumedang. Percobaan dirancang dengan Rancangan Petak Terbagi diulang tiga kali. Petak utama adalah dua tingkat vigor benih, yaitu benih bervigor sedang (daya berkecambah ± 80%) dan benih terdeteriorasi (bervigor …


Pertumbuhan, Hasil, Dan Kandungan Kromium Kangkung Darat Akibat Kombinasi Macam Dan Dosis Bahan Organik Pada Media Tanam Tercemar, Intan Nurcahya, Noertjahyani, Hudaya Mulyana Dec 2019

Pertumbuhan, Hasil, Dan Kandungan Kromium Kangkung Darat Akibat Kombinasi Macam Dan Dosis Bahan Organik Pada Media Tanam Tercemar, Intan Nurcahya, Noertjahyani, Hudaya Mulyana

Jurnal Kultivasi

Kangkung darat merupakan salah satu tanaman yang dapat menyerap logam berat. Hal ini berkaitan dengan pertumbuhan, hasil, dan keamanan kangkung sebagai bahan konsumsi. Pencemaran lahan pertanian dapat disebabkan dari kegiatan industri, salah satunya yaitu limbah penyamakan kulit yang mengandung logam berat kromium yang mengairi lahan pertanian. Pemberian bahan organik merupakan salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan hasil tanaman kangkung darat dan menyerap logam berat. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi macam dan dosis bahan organik pada media tercemar kromium penyamakan kulit terhadap pertumbuhan, hasil dan kandungan kromium pada tanaman kangkung darat. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan sembilan perlakuan …


Respons Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kelapa Belum Menghasilkan Terhadap Pemberian Air Kelapa Dan Asam Humat, Mira Ariyanti, Santi Rosniawaty, Muhamad Rizky Permana Dec 2019

Respons Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kelapa Belum Menghasilkan Terhadap Pemberian Air Kelapa Dan Asam Humat, Mira Ariyanti, Santi Rosniawaty, Muhamad Rizky Permana

Jurnal Kultivasi

Kelapa kopyor banyak diminati masyarakat karena memiliki sifat yang unik. namun produktivitas kelapa kopyor masih rendah. Peningkatan pertumbuhan kelapa kopyor belum menghasilkan dapat dilakukan dengan aplikasi zat pengatur tumbuh alami (ZPT) seperti air kelapa yang diaplikasikan langsung pada tanaman dan asam humat sebagai bahan organik untuk meningkatkan kualitas tanah agar dapat sesuai bagi pertanaman kelapa kopyor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi aplikasi air kelapa dan asam humat terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman kelapa kopyor belum menghasilkan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Lahan Taman Buah Mekarsari, Cileungsi, Bogor, Jawa Barat, pada bulan Mei 2018-Oktober 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan tanah berordo Ultisols. Metode …


On Improving Performance Of The Binary Logistic Regression Classifier, Michael Chang Dec 2019

On Improving Performance Of The Binary Logistic Regression Classifier, Michael Chang

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Logistic Regression, being both a predictive and an explanatory method, is one of the most commonly used statistical and machine learning method in almost all disciplines. There are many situations, however, when the accuracies of the fitted model are low for predicting either the success event or the failure event. Several statistical and machine learning approaches exist in the literature to handle these situations. This thesis presents several new approaches to improve the performance of the fitted model, and the proposed methods have been applied to real datasets.

Transformations of predictors is a common approach in fitting multiple linear and …


Chatting Online: An Ethnographic Case Study Of Educator Discourse On Social Media, Lindsay J. Russell Dec 2019

Chatting Online: An Ethnographic Case Study Of Educator Discourse On Social Media, Lindsay J. Russell

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

This study sought to examine the online discussions of teachers located in the Southwestern area of the United States regarding social justice issues on social media. Specifically, it looked to discover how educators in this region are attempting to assert agency when faced with socially inequitable situations. Teachers in this region are hired as public employees in a state that penalizes public workers for exhibiting opinions (SRS § 288.260, 1969).

The study utilized Cultural Historical Activity Theory along with Critical Multiculturalism to demonstrate that our present actions are culturally and historically situated while illuminating hegemonic forces. The study found that …


Evaluating Parents Sociodemographic Factors And Childhood Vaccine Decisions, Mehret Girmay Dec 2019

Evaluating Parents Sociodemographic Factors And Childhood Vaccine Decisions, Mehret Girmay

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Vaccination is considered one of the most successful public health achievements of the 20th century. However, with increasing vaccine skepticism emerging over the past decades, there is a threat to the ongoing sustainment of vaccine coverage within all US communities. This study evaluated and compared parents’ sociodemographic factors associated with childhood vaccine decisions. This study is a secondary analysis of 893 parents/guardians, age 18-55 years with child(ren) < 7 years living in the U.S.

Predictive analysis was conducted using multinomial logistic regression modeling was used to examine vaccine decisions (accept, hesitant, and refuse) in relation to parents’ sociodemographic factors. Overall, (66.6%) of parents accepted recommended vaccines, while …


Books Noted And Received, Patrick Scott Dec 2019

Books Noted And Received, Patrick Scott

Studies in Scottish Literature

This list covers a first group of the books received or noted since publication of SSL 43:2; this preliminary proof version will be expanded shortly, and further titles from this period will be noticed in a future issue. Inclusion in this list need not preclude possible subsequent discussion in a more formal review.


The Image Of Politicians In Tony Kushner’S Play Homebody/Kabul; A Corpus Critical Stylistic Analysis, Hadeel Falah Hasan, Sarab Khalil Hameed Dec 2019

The Image Of Politicians In Tony Kushner’S Play Homebody/Kabul; A Corpus Critical Stylistic Analysis, Hadeel Falah Hasan, Sarab Khalil Hameed

Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

This article discusses the Critical Stylistic analysis of the politicians’ images in corpora of Tony Kushner’s play Homebody/Kabul. The study adopts Jeffries model with the aid of corpus linguistic methods to show how text might be said to perform ideologies. It investigates how the image of war and politicians are presented. By using Naming and Describing tool, the analysis shows that the overall image of politicians is that they were aggressive when it comes to conduct war depending on what have they declared to be done.


Role Of Media In Social Nurturing To Prevent Street Children Phenomenon A Survey Study On University Students, فتح الله غازي إسماعيل الشيخ Dec 2019

Role Of Media In Social Nurturing To Prevent Street Children Phenomenon A Survey Study On University Students, فتح الله غازي إسماعيل الشيخ

Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

Media Channels, which do not restrictively transmit news, stories and information, have vitally contributed to activating the social nurturing process and forming the people’s conduct and aspirations. Being part of the mass media system, they have left their impact of guidance and awareness-raising of people on the society which they get connected with in order to form the public opinion. Accordingly, media channels are thought to be significant for the stability and development of the society. They have even taken into account the child since birth and procured all what is required of sensing, attending and focusing programs. They have …


Principles Of Dictation Of Kurdish Language, هەوار عمر فقي أمين Dec 2019

Principles Of Dictation Of Kurdish Language, هەوار عمر فقي أمين

Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

The Language is the main tool of thinking, communicating and civilizing, which includes letters, words, sentences and texts ….etc. Language has been created for the purpose of communication. Writing is the way to represent and preserve the language, thoughts, imaginations, literature and sciences…. etc. The most suitable way to obtain perfect language is to use correct spelling.

Dictation is a process and rules that have been applied in the main language itself. For correct understanding the meaning of the words and phrases, to differentiate the various meanings that exist in the language.


A Critical Discourse Analysis Of The Language Of Persuasion Used In The Election Campaigns By American Parliaments, Iman Jebur Janam Dec 2019

A Critical Discourse Analysis Of The Language Of Persuasion Used In The Election Campaigns By American Parliaments, Iman Jebur Janam

Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

Persuasion can be defined as a scientific art which is closely connected with our life .Linguistically speaking, persuasion is achieved through many techniques termed "persuasive devices". These persuasive devices are covered in different domains of life. Accordingly, persuasion has been defined in various methods according to communication as ''a communication process in which a communicator searches to draw out a desired response from his receiver''. This paper investigates different strategies of persuasion used by different people in different domains of life and how those strategies differ when used in election parliament. The aim of this paper is to find out …


Verbal Violence Against Women Working In The Family Field, بانياس عدنان جلوب Dec 2019

Verbal Violence Against Women Working In The Family Field, بانياس عدنان جلوب

Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

This study aims to identify the responsible for violence against women and to determine the reaction of women to the violence against them. also study aims to identify the impact of variables such as the social situation, the source of violence and the education lend of the working women ,the sample consists of 100, female working at Mustansiriya University in Baghdad. The results show that the husband is the first source of violence experienced verbally by women, and show that the most verbal violence is insulting and insulting. The study also shows that the media has no role in explainig …


Dramatizing Modern American And Arabic Poetry A Study In Selected Poems By Kenneth Koch And Yousif Al-Sayegh, Haitham K. Eidan Al-Zubbaidi Dec 2019

Dramatizing Modern American And Arabic Poetry A Study In Selected Poems By Kenneth Koch And Yousif Al-Sayegh, Haitham K. Eidan Al-Zubbaidi

Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

The interrelatedness of drama and poetry introduces one of the most exceptionally robust examples of trans-genre literature. It is further characterized by a deep-rooted tradition that dates back to ancient Greek and Roman drama, as well as a sense of circumstantial and ad hoc necessity-driven, age-oriented adaptability. The present paper assumes that this well-established sensitive relation of poetry and drama rests upon some circumstantial time-specific cultural forces or motivators that impact the ebb and flow, the expansion-contraction movements which are directly related to the temporal necessities and requirements of the textual and contextual poetic discourse. To this end, and to …


Marina Oswald & Kathleen Wade: Wives Involved In A Political Ambition, رشا عبد المنعم عزيز Dec 2019

Marina Oswald & Kathleen Wade: Wives Involved In A Political Ambition, رشا عبد المنعم عزيز

Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

“I’m no psychiatrist, but if you ask me, politicians in general are pretty insecure people” (O’Brien, 1994, p. 97). This quotation describes politicians as insecure people, and the word “insecure” has more than one implication. It may mean that politicians are insecure to themselves or to people around them. It can also mean that politicians’ actions are not trustworthy. This description indicates that one must fear or be aware of politicians in general. A politician’s wife may need also to have this caution. According to such description, does a politician’s wife feel happy or secure with her husband? This paper …


Al-Husseini’S Rituals And Their Counterparts In Christianity Asst.Prof. Dr. Donia Alwan Badr Al-Difa'i, دنيا علوان بدر الدفاعي Dec 2019

Al-Husseini’S Rituals And Their Counterparts In Christianity Asst.Prof. Dr. Donia Alwan Badr Al-Difa'i, دنيا علوان بدر الدفاعي

Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

The difference in religion is a 'Sunnah of God', for a great intention which is the trials and the tribulations. God says: (And if God wills to to make people one nation, they are still different except from the mercy of your Lord.). And there is no doubt of the intentions of the two religions (Islam, Christianity) are to educate man religiously, intellectually, physically, and publically. The research aims to find a common ground between the different parties of Muslims and Christians in rituals, or liturgy, and this is from the methods of Islamic- Christian coexistence, to establish a common …


Cyclotron Resonance In Graphene Heterostructurescyclotron Resonance In Graphene Heterostructures, Billy Jordan Russell Dec 2019

Cyclotron Resonance In Graphene Heterostructurescyclotron Resonance In Graphene Heterostructures, Billy Jordan Russell

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

We present observations of cyclotron resonance in graphene Van der Waals heterostructure devices. Such devices provide dramatic improvements in sample quality and allow for ad- vanced electronic control, opening windows on previously inaccessible physics. The design and construction of a dedicated system for the measurement of electronic transport and infrared magnetospectroscopy in microscopic samples of atomically thin materials at cryogenic temperatures is presented. In high-mobility encapsulated monolayer graphene, electron- electron interaction effects are unambiguously observed to impact the interband cyclotron resonance as the Landau level filling factor is varied in a quantizing magnetic field. Additionally, a splitting of transitions involving …


Rhodococcus Opacus Pd630 Genetic Tool Development To Enable The Conversion Of Biomass, Drew Michael Delorenzo Dec 2019

Rhodococcus Opacus Pd630 Genetic Tool Development To Enable The Conversion Of Biomass, Drew Michael Delorenzo

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

The discovery of fossil fuels facilitated a new era in human history and allowed many firsts, such as the mass production of goods, the ability to travel and communicate long distances, the formation of population dense cities, and unprecedented improvements in quality of life. Alternative sources of energy and chemicals are needed, however, as hydrocarbon reserves continue to deplete and the effects of burning fossils on the planet become better understood. Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant raw material in the world and a viable alternative to petroleum-derived products. The pre-treatment of lignocellulose (e.g., thermocatalytic depolymerization, enzymatic hydrolysis, pyrolysis, etc.) …


Investigating Biological Mechanisms Of Radiation Resistance In Advanced Stage Cervical Cancer, Fiona Ruiz Dec 2019

Investigating Biological Mechanisms Of Radiation Resistance In Advanced Stage Cervical Cancer, Fiona Ruiz

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

The current standard of care treatment for locally advanced cervical cancer is curative intent pelvic radiation with concurrently administered platinum chemotherapy (CRT). This treatment strategy is effective for many patients, but 33-50% of patients treated with CRT develop disease recurrence. Metastatic and recurrent cervical cancer is an incurable condition, and many of the currently available treatments are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Identifying these patients upfront is a challenge that clinicians face when developing treatment strategies. Previous studies used to catalog the genomic and transcriptomic landscape of cervical cancer lacked high quality corresponding clinical follow up data for patients, …


Three-Dimensional Image Reconstruction In Transcranial Photoacoustic Computed Tomography, Joemini Poudel Dec 2019

Three-Dimensional Image Reconstruction In Transcranial Photoacoustic Computed Tomography, Joemini Poudel

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) is an emerging imaging modality that exploitsoptical contrast and ultrasonic detection principles to form images of the photoacousticallyinduced initial pressure distribution within tissue. The PACT reconstruction problemcorresponds to an inverse source problem in which the initial pressure distribution is recoveredfrom measurements of the radiated pressure wavefield. A major challenge in transcranialPACT brain imaging is compensation for aberrations in the measured data due to the presenceof the skull. Ultrasonic waves undergo absorption, scattering and longitudinal-to-shear wavemode conversion as they propagate through the skull. To properly account for these effects, awave-equation-based inversion method should be employed that can …


Anion Exchange And Bipolar Membranes For Electrochemical Energy Conversion And Storage, Zhongyang Wang Dec 2019

Anion Exchange And Bipolar Membranes For Electrochemical Energy Conversion And Storage, Zhongyang Wang

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Anion exchange and bipolar membrane fuel cells generate electrical energy directly from chemical fuels and have attracted considerable interests as alternate power sources for large market applications, such as transportation (hydrogen fuel cells) and unmanned vehicles (sodium borohydride fuel cells). Anion exchange membrane (AEM), generally composed of a polymer with covalently tethered ionic groups, is the central component of the fuel cell serving as the electrolyte, conducting hydroxide ions from cathode to anode, where fast ionic conduction is directly related to power output. However, AEMs currently used in fuel cells (H2 fuel cells and sodium borohydride fuel cells) exhibit ion …