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Phytoremediation Potential Of Four Heavy Metals In Soil By Chromolaena Odorata (L.) King & Robinson At The Phytotoxicity Screening Benchmarks, Gloria O. Omoregie, Beckley Ikhajiagbe, Geoffery O. Anoliefo

Tanzania Journal of Science

The remediative capacity of Chromolaena odorata with respect to heavy metal induced growth-stress was investigated. This was with a view to providing information on the adaptive mechanisms adopted by the test plant during the phytoremediation of selected heavy metals such as copper, manganese, zinc and cadmium. Stems of C. odorata were planted in soils polluted with  Mn, Zn, Cd, and Cu at the ecological screening benchmark (ESB) of 50 mg/kg (Mn and Zn), 4 mg/kg (Cd) and 100 mg/kg (Cu) of metal per kilogram of soil, in varying concentrations of 0 ESB (control), 1 ESB, 3 ESB and 5 ESB. …

Target-To-Target Interaction In Through-The-Wall Radars Under Path Loss Compensated Multipath Exploitation-Based Signal Model For Sparse Image Reconstruction, Emmanuel K. Kokumo, Baraka Maiseli, Abdi T. Abdalla

Tanzania Journal of Science

Multipath caused by reflections from interior walls of buildings has been a long-standing challenge that affects through-the-wall radar imaging. Multipath creates ghost images that introduce confusion when detecting desired targets. Traditionally, multipath exploitation techniques under the compressive sensing framework have widely been applied to address the challenge. However, the multipath component emanating from target-to-target interactions has not been considered–a consequence that may, under multiple target scenarios, lead to incorrect image interpretation. Besides, far targets experience more attenuation due to free space path loss, hence resulting into target undetectability. This study proposes a signal model, based on multipath exploitation techniques, by …

Preliminary Palynology Of The Karoo Equivalent Tanga Beds, Coastal Tanzania: Insights On Preservation, Age And Depositional Environments, Stephen Peter Magohe

Tanzania Journal of Science

The major challenge to the current understanding of the stratigraphy of the Tanga Basin is scarcity of biostratigraphy age-control data. A number of palynomorphs retrieved from core samples of the Tanga Beds and analysed for palynology are here presented. These include bisaccate pollen grains belonging to the Alisporites-Falcisporites complex, making about 55% average of the total assemblage. The rest of the assemblage comprises other palynomorphs (pollen and spores) and phytoclasts. The miospores documented from the studied samples have poor to fairly good preservation; the organic residues (non-pollen palynomorphs) are excellently preserved. Based on palynologic evidences, and the presence of fossil …

On Scalar Multiples Of Hypercyclic Operators On Non-Normable And Separable Fréchet Spaces, Melkiory M. Aloyce, Santosh Kumar, Marco Mpimbo

Tanzania Journal of Science

In this paper, we proved that if F is a non-normable and separable Fréchet space without a continuous norm, then there exists an operator T L (F) such that λ T is hypercyclic for any λ   {0} of modulus 1 and has similar set of hypercyclic vectors as T. An illustrative example to the main theorem is also provided.

Quantitative Assessment Of Resistivity Anisotropy In Evaluation Of Laminated Shaly Sand Hydrocarbon Reservoirs–A Case Study In The Barents Sea, Norway, Ernest S. Mulaya

Tanzania Journal of Science

Resistivity anisotropy in shaly sand lamination sequences affects the hydrocarbon evaluation in multiple dimensions of petrophysical logs. Currently, vertical resistivity (Rv) and horizontal resistivity (Rh) from 3D triaxial induction measurements can be applied simultaneously to resolve these petrophysical impacts. In this paper, an extensive analysis is offered with a focus on the hydrocarbon evaluation based on advanced petrophysical logs from a well. A critical analysis is done on the three comparable cases including clean formation as a base case, shaly sand case and laminated shaly sand case towards resolving resistivity anisotropy in a typical shaly sand laminated reservoir. The analysis …

Effects Of Seasons And Zonation On Biochemical Contents Of Two Seagrass Species Along Dar Es Salaam Coast, Tanzania, Wamwi M. Mbaga, Esther F. Mvungi

Tanzania Journal of Science

Accumulation and allocation of biochemicals in plants are affected by various factors. The influence of seasons and vertical zonation on biochemical contents of seagrasses Cymodocea rotundata and Thalassia hemprichii from Mjimwema seagrass meadow along the coast of Dar es Salaam were assessed. Samples were collected in 2016 during wet/rainy (April–May) and dry (June–July) seasons. Concentrations of crude protein, soluble carbohydrates, phosphorus, lipid, and proline were determined using standard methods. Significant higher levels of phosphorus, lipid, protein and proline were observed during the dry season than in wet season (p < 0.05). Likewise, seagrass population occurring at the shore zone expressed higher levels of biochemical contents than those found at the subtidal zones. The highest concentration of protein was recorded in Thalassia hemprichii (5.8 mg/g dw)), while those of lipid and carbohydrates (27.1 and 53.1 mg/g dw, respectively) were recorded in Cymodocea rotundata. The two species studied did not vary significantly in their biochemical concentrations in both seasons. Generally it was observed that the concentrations of studied biochemicals were up-regulated during the dry season and varied depending on the locations where the seagrass grow. Thus, both season and zonation played roles in biochemical accumulation in the seagrasses understudy, however not interactively.

Total Electron Content Prediction Model Using The Artificial Neural Networks Over The Eastern Africa Region, Emmanuel D. Sulungu, Christian B.S. Uiso

Tanzania Journal of Science

In this paper, development of a model using NN technique for prediction of GPS TEC over the Eastern Africa region is presented. TEC data was obtained from the Africa array and IGS network of ground based dual-frequency GPS receivers from 18 stations within the East African region. It covers approximately the area from ~2.6°N to ~26.9°S in magnetic latitudes and from ~95°E to ~112oE in magnetic longitudes. The input layer of the developed model consisted of seven neurons which were selected by considering the parameters that are known to affect the TECv data. The results showed that when the number …

Synthesis Of Semiochemicals And Related Fine Chemicals From Cashew Nut Shell Liquid, Godfrey Pius, Quintino A Mgani

Tanzania Journal of Science

This paper reports on syntheses of 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde (1) and tetradecanal (2) from the same renewable starting material (cashew nut shell liquid or CNSL), thus demonstrating the potential of the agro-waste cashew nut shells (CNS) as a source of valuable fine and industrial chemicals. The strategy employed in accomplishing the synthesis started with extraction of CNSL followed by isolation of anacardic acid (4) and decarboxylation to give cardanol (5). Compound 5 was hydrogenated followed by protection of phenolic group to give 3-pentadecylphenyl acetate (7). Benzylic oxidation of compound 7 followed by reduction and dehydration resulted into formation of 3-(pentadec-1-en-1-yl)phenol (9). Ozonolysis …

Land Cover Change Detection In The Urban Catchments Of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania Using Remote Sensing And Gis Techniques, Philip Mzava, Joel Nobert, Patrick Valimba

Tanzania Journal of Science

In this study, the Maximum Likelihood (ML) classification, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) methods were applied to three (3) Landsat images collected over time (1979, 1998 and 2014), that contained historical land cover features for the urban catchments of Dar es Salaam. Five major land cover classes were identified, mapped, and the land cover changes investigated. The major land cover changes observed from post-classification comparisons of the classified images are: the forest land losing 17.09% of its area in the period 1979-1998 to other land covers, mainly turning to grassland, and from 1998 to 2014, …

Generation Of Highly Ordered 3d Vivid Monochromatic Coloured Photonic Crystal Films Using Evaporative Induced Technique, Ikhazuagbe H. Ifijen, Esther U. Ikhuoria

Tanzania Journal of Science

Structural coloured crystal films have attracted immense attention because of numerous applications like optical sensing, anti-counterfeiting and photonic fabrics.  Herein, we successfully generated highly periodic three-dimensional (3D) monochromatic structural crystal films with brown, turquoise, blue and yellow colourations from as-synthesized poly(styrene-methyl methacrylate-acrylic acid) or P(St-MMA-AA) colloidal latex via the evaporative induced self-assembly technique. The colours were controlled through the modulation of their crystal lattice by varying their microspheres diameter from 180 nm, 120 nm, and 260 nm to 150 nm. Scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope (SEM/AFM) analyses showed that the photonic crystal particles readily assembled into an impeccable …

Modelling And Analysis Of A Holling Type Ii Stage Structured Predator-Prey System In The Presence Of Harvesting, Jacob Lyimo, Nyimvua Shaban, Eunice Mureithi, Thadei Sagamiko

Tanzania Journal of Science

The effect of harvesting and predation on a Holling type II stage-structured predator-prey system with assumption that harvesting and predation happen only to mature preys was investigated. Stability of interior point was analysed using Routh Hurwith Criterion. Numerical simulations were carried out. The results show that harvesting and predation have strong negative impacts on population dynamics of stage structured predator-prey system.

أثر استخدام أسلوب حل المشكلات في اكتساب طلبة السنة الأولى في جامعة عمان الأهلية لمهارات التفكير الإبداعي والتحصيل في مساق الإنسان والبيئة, ختام العناتي

Al-Balqa Journal for Research and Studies البلقاء للبحوث والدراسات

هدفت هذه الدراسة التعرف إلى أثر استخدام أسلوب حل المشكلات في اكتساب طلبة السنة الأولى في جامعة عمان الأهلية لمهارات التفكير الإبداعي والتحصيل في مساق البيئة والصحة . تكونت عينة الدراسة من (911) طالبا وطالبة من طلبة جامعة عمان الأهلية المسجلين في مساق الإنسان والبيئة ، حيث تم تقسيمهم إلى مجموعتين : مجموعة تدريبية وضمت (48) طالبا وطالبة ، ومجموعة ضابطة وضمت (43) طالبا وطالبة وقد أشارت الدراسة إلى النتائج التالية : - توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين متوسط درجات أفراد المجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة لصالح المجموعة التجريبية في الاختبار البعدي لاختبار التفكير الإبداعي في كافة المجالات والاختبار الكلي . …

Quantum Mechanics And Features Of Its Training, Gulom Bazarbaevich Samatov, Rustam Ummatqulovich Elmurodov

Bulletin of Gulistan State University

The article discusses the issues of the formation of quantum mechanics, the creation of a mathematical apparatus, physical interpretation, the dialectics of new patterns and the originality of events in quantum mechanics. In quantum mechanics, the duality of micro-objects and other peculiar properties are studied. This article discusses the revival of quantum mechanics, the formation of the mathematical apparatus, their physical interpretation, the dialectics of new laws, the peculiarity of quantum-mechanical events and microparticles. At the end of the 19th century, physicists of developed countries could not explain, on the basis of the mathematical apparatus of classical physics and experimental …

Didactic Potential Of The Chess Game And Its Impact On Students 'Academic Performance, Muksin Tadjievich Xodjiev, Аbdulxalim Xamidovich Maxmudov, Baxtier Xudayberdievich Raximov

Bulletin of Gulistan State University

One of the main tasks of modern schools is the development of children's creative potential and the formation of socially significant personal qualities. At school, they should not receive ready-made knowledge, but a model of adaptation to rapidly changing conditions. According to a number of psychological and pedagogical indicators, the chess game is an ideal explanatory model that allows students to form skills for successfully solving practice-oriented problems. Our research is devoted to revealing the didactic possibilities of this explanatory model, where the authors define approaches to the content interpretation and content of the concept of "didactic potential of chess", …

Current State Of Preparation Of Future Teachers Of Mathematics In Higher Education Institutions, Barno Sayfuddinovna Abdullayeva, Ganisher Abdurashidovich Nafasov

Bulletin of Gulistan State University

An innovative society puts forward new requirements for the training of future mathematics teachers. In modern conditions, there is a need for teachers who are able to carry out independent professional education and personal growth, to develop a future educational route and a position that must be achieved professionally. This competitive math teacher is an indicator of higher professional education. given in the form of one of the tasks of the federal state educational standard and is a sign of the development of cognitive competence in a mathematics teacher. The development of cognitive competence among teachers of mathematics is carried …

Vegetative Propagation Of Stylosanthes Scabra, Alexandre C. L. De Mello, Adeneide C. Galdino, José C. B. Dubeux Jr., Mércia V. F. Dos Santos, Mário De A. Lira Jr., Felipe M. Saraiva, Mário De A. Lira, Márcio V. Da Cunha

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

One way to multiply genetically desirable plants in a more uniform manner is to use vegetative propagation, such as using plant cuttings. This technique multiplies a single plant into several, in an easy low-cost system (Fachinello et al. 2005), so it is useful in plant breeding. This technique may be enhanced through the use of hormonal regulators, with indolebutyric acid (IBA) being most frequently used, because of its stability in hydroalcoholic solution, low sensitivity to biological degradation and good establishment of adventitious roots (Fachinello et al. 1995). In spite of its large-scale use for fruit production, the technique …

Effects Of Two Intake Levels Of Leucaena Leucocephala On Rumen Function Of Sheep, Marcos Barros-Rodríguez, Javier Solorio-Sánchez, Carlos Sandoval-Castro, Athol V. Klieve, Eduardo Briceño-Poot, Luis Ramírez-Avilés, Rafael Rojas-Herrera

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Ruminant production systems based on grass pastures often produce poor animal performance as expressed by growth or reproductive rates. The nutrient imbalance affecting rumen function is due to their low energy and protein intake. The incorporation of leguminous forages such as Leucaena leucocephala, in the diet of ruminants, can stimulate rumen function by providing protein-rich forage (Barros-Rodriguez et al. 2012). This increases the availability of compounds such as ammonia, amino acids and peptides as well as branched short-chain fatty acids, which are produced as a result of degradation of proteins. These substances promote fibre breakdown by acting as ruminal …

Survey Of Pasture Species And Management, Manure Management, Milk Production And Reproduction On Pasture-Based Dairy Farms In Florida And Georgia, Usa, F. Du, K. D. Gay, M. E. Sowerby, Y. C. Newman, C. R. Staples, R. C. Lacy, A. De Vries

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Traditionally, most dairy farms in the south-eastern United States confine cows to barns or on pasture lots year-round and feed stored forages and concentrated feeds (Fontaneli et al. 2005). Often, much of the feed is purchased, however, the cost of purchased feed and fuel has risen rapidly in the last 5 years (NASS 2009). In addition, a significant amount of capital is tied up in buildings, machinery and manure management systems on the farms. For these reasons, many dairy farmers have shown an interest in or started transitioning to pasture-based dairy systems (Ricks and Hardee 2012). The management practices …

Breeding Strategies For Brachiaria Spp. To Improve Productivity–An Ongoing Project, Geovani F. Alves, Ulisses J. De Figueiredo, Antônio D. Pandolfi Filho, Sanzio C. L. Barrios, Cacilda B. Valle

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Two strategies have been used in the breeding of Brachiaria (syn. Urochloa) to produce new cultivars. The first involves exploring the natural variability existing in nature, which is the selection of ecotypes, mostly apomicts, from the diversity in germplasm banks. This strategy proved efficient originally and the cultivars in use in Brazil were derived in this way, but progress with this strategy is limited in the medium to long term.

Dry Matter Intake By Beef Steers On Piatã Palisadegrass (Brachiaria Brizantha Cv. Brs Piatã) Pasture, Denise B. Montagner, Valéria P. B. Euclides, Teresa C. M. Genro, Nayana N. Nantes

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Beef production in Brazil is primarily based on tropical pastures and 85% of these pastures are Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu. Such a monoculture could prove disastrous if some pest or disease emerged. With the goal of further diversifying pastures and contributing to the sustainability of the pasture production system, B. brizantha cv. BRS Piatã was released by the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa). Little is known about the characteristics of this cultivar in relation to grazing management and plant-animal interactions. Dry matter (DM) intake by grazing animals is influenced by the structural characteristics of tropical grasses (Stobbs 1973, 1975), and …

Agronomic Evaluation Of 324 Intraspecific Hybrids Of Brachiaria Decumbens In Brazil, Rogério G. Mateus, Sanzio C. L. Barrios, Ulisses J. De Figueiredo, Cacilda B. Valle

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk is the most planted pasture grass in the tropics owing to its adaptation to poor and acid soils, typical of the tropics, plus good animal performance. This cultivar was responsible for a radical change of scenario in central Brazil in the early 1970s and is the only cultivar available commercially. Efforts to breed this species have been recent, as the successful somatic chromosome duplication of sexually reproducing diploid plants of B. decumbens was accomplished only in 2009 (Simioni and Valle 2009). Subsequently, intraspecific crosses with natural apomictic tetraploid accessions were carried out. Breeding is needed since …

Effect Of Season And Year Of Evaluation In The Selection Of Brachiaria Humidicola Hybrids, Ulisses J. De Figueiredo, José A. R. Nunes, Cacilda B. Valle, Sanzio C. L. Barrios, Geovani F. Alves

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Brachiaria humidicola is well adapted to infertile and acid soils with poor drainage or temporary flooding (Keller-Grein et al. 1996). It is widely used in Brazil in wetlands and areas of marginal land characterised by waterlogged soils. During the evaluation stages of the breeding program of this species, genotypes are generally tested using consecutive cuts within different seasons for at least 2 years. The ‘Cerrado’ region, where most animal production takes place in Brazil, has 2 well defined seasons: spring-summer with warm weather and rain; and autumn-winter with cooler, dry weather. Thus, owing to environmental variation, especially related to …

Effects Of Irrigation And Season On Performance Of Grazed Pastures Of Brachiaria Brizantha Cv. Mg5, Rita De C. R. Carvalho, Wellington W. Rocha, Bruno S. Pires, César T. Piza, Luziney D. Silva, Paulo R. V. Leite, Eliel A. Ferreira

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Brazil, livestock production is based primarily on systems with continuously grazed natural or cultivated pastures (FAO 2009). Intensifying animal breeding, handling and knowledge strategies is necessary to obtain improvements in production indices for economically feasible and sustainable grazing systems (Cedeño et al. 2003). Beef cattle breeding on irrigated pasture, like all forms of intensive grazing, requires the use of forage species with high potential for production and quality, and Brachiaria brizantha cv. MG5 is considered a good option. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of irrigation on the performance of B. brizantha cv. MG5 grazed rotationally by …

Development Of Leucaena Mimosine-Degrading Bacteria In The Rumen Of Sheep In Myanmar, Aung Aung, Moe Thida Htun, Lwin Naing Oo, Mar Mar Kyi, Tin Ngwe

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Myanmar has an agricultural base, and about 70% of people reside in rural areas. They depend for survival on agriculture and small-scale crop production, with ruminant livestock consuming fibrous agricultural residues. For optimal ruminant production, concentrates are needed as supplements to these residues. As concentrates are expensive, researchers are testing alternative protein sources like legumes, including foliage from leguminous trees such as leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala). Leucaena is the most widely used leguminous tree as a ruminant feed because it is rich in protein (~ 22%) and contains easily digestible fibre (23% neutral detergent fibre, 16.6% acid detergent fibre; …

Development, Isolation And Characterisation Of A New Non-Virulent Mimosine-Degrading Klebsiella Pneumoniae Strain From The Rumen Liquor Of German Steers By Using Ibt-Goettinger Bioreactor, Aung Aung, U. Ter Meulen, F. Gessler, H. Böhnel

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The tropical legume Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena) has many uses, including: a potential source of firewood and timber; for soil erosion control (Dijkman 1950); to provide shade; to enhance soil fertility; and as a nutritious forage for animal feed (Ruskin 1977). It is widely used as forage for cattle in tropical agriculture (Shelton 1998). In Myanmar, leucaena is used as a protein source in urea-molasses multi-nutrient blocks for ruminants (Ni Ni Maw et al. 2004). However, the use of leucaena as ruminant feed is not without problems, because it contains mimosine, a toxic anti-nutritional factor limiting its use as animal …

Brs Paiaguás: A New Brachiaria (Urochloa) Cultivar For Tropical Pastures In Brazil, Cacilda B. Valle, Valéria P. B. Euclides, Denise B. Montagner, José R. Valério, Celso D. Fernandes, Manuel C. M. Macedo, Jaqueline R. Verzignassi, Luis A. Machado

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Approximately half the world’s beef is produced in the tropics and subtropics, almost exclusively on pasture. While the world production of beef and veal increased 91% over the past 40 years, the increase in the tropics was 200%. Brazil has today the largest commercial cattle herd in the world (about 190 M head) and is the world's largest exporter of beef. The area of cultivated pasture increased from 30 to 100 Mha between 1970 and 1995 (IBGE 2006). This area has now stabilised or decreased despite the increase in beef production, which reflects the gain in area productivity. Part of …

Performance Of Nelore Cattle On Panicum Maximum Pastures In The Brazilian Cerrado, Giovana A. Maciel, Gustavo J. Braga, Roberto Guimarães Jr., Hélio A. De Araújo, Allan K. B. Ramos, Marcelo A. Carvalho, Lourival Vilela, Liana Jank

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

With the increased demand for meat products, associated with environmental concerns due to global climatic and land use changes, the need to efficiently use pasture and forage resources will increase (Boval and Dixon 2012). Efforts to breed and release new forage cultivars must incorporate these concerns, ensuring that introduced material is of high quality, especially under grazing (Euclides et al. 2008).

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the average daily weight gain and stocking rate of Nelore beef cattle grazing new genotypes of Panicum maximum during the rainy season in the Brazilian Cerrado.

Morphological Divergence Among Progeny Of Macroptilium Lathyroides Accessions From The Semi-Arid Region Of Pernambuco, Brazil, Mércia V. F. Dos Santos, Gabriella P. De Albuquerque, Márcio V. Da Cunha, Mário De A. Lira Jr., José C. B. Dubeux Jr., Marta G. S. Da Silva, Mário De A. Lira, Alexandre C. L. De Mello

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Macroptilium is a legume genus with approximately 20 species, usually annual or biennial, herbaceous and distributed mainly in the Americas. It is widely used as a forage resource in grasslands and usually fixes atmospheric N. Martins et al. (2001) indicated that half-sib family selection with progeny testing is the most common plant breeding method used in Brazil. In the scientific literature, however, there are few studies dedicated to Macroptilium spp.

This study evaluated morphological divergence among Macroptilium spp. progeny from accessions collected in 4 counties located in the semi-arid region of Pernambuco State, NE Brazil.

Selecting New Brachiaria Humidicola Hybrids For Western Brazilian Amazon, Giselle M. L. De Assis, Cacilda B. Valle, Carlos M. S. De Andrade, Judson F. Valentim

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Brachiaria humidicola is a perennial and stoloniferous forage grass, with excellent adaptation to infertile soils and waterlogging. Producers in northern Brazil have become interested in this species, especially after the degradation of large areas of lowly permeable soils sown with B. brizantha cv. Marandu, which is highly intolerant of soil waterlogging (Andrade and Valentim 2006). However, since only 3 cultivars of B. humidicola are registered in Brazil (Mapa 2013), there is a need to develop new cultivars adapted to the range of environmental conditions experienced. Recently, Embrapa Beef Cattle obtained intraspecific hybrids of B. humidicola that need to be evaluated …

Brs Mandobi: A New Forage Peanut Cultivar Propagated By Seeds For The Tropics, Giselle M. L. De Assis, Judson F. Valentim, Carlos M. S. De Andrade

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Forage peanut (Arachis pintoi) is a forage legume of relatively recent use in beef and dairy cattle feeding. Although it is native exclusively to Brazil, the first cultivar, Amarillo, was released in Australia in 1987. Forage peanut has a great number of favourable attributes for establishing grass-legume mixtures, which guarantee the persistence and high yields of high quality forage in cultivated pastures. Therefore, studies with this species have intensified in many tropical regions of the world (Assis and Valentim 2009). In the state of Acre, western Brazilian Amazon, 137,000 ha are cultivated with forage peanut, cv. Belmonte, benefiting …