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2019

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The Increase Of Hiv-1 Infection, Neurocognitive Impairment, And Type 2 Diabetes In The Rio Grande Valley, Roberto De La Garza, Hansapani Rodrigo, Francisco Fernandez, Upal Roy Nov 2019

The Increase Of Hiv-1 Infection, Neurocognitive Impairment, And Type 2 Diabetes In The Rio Grande Valley, Roberto De La Garza, Hansapani Rodrigo, Francisco Fernandez, Upal Roy

Health & Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) infection remains a persistent predicament for the State of Texas, ranking seventh among the most documented HIV cases in the United States. In this regard, the Rio Grande Valley (RGV) in South Texas is considered as one of the least investigated areas of the state with respect to HIV infection and HIV associated comorbidities. Considering the 115% increase in average HIV incidence rates per 100,000 within the RGV from 2007-2015, it is worth characterizing this population with respect to their HIV-1 infection, HIV-1 Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND), and the association of treatment with combined antiretroviral …

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Effect Of Self-Regulated Learning For Improving Dietary Management And Quality Of Life In Patients With Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus At Dr. Ramelan Naval Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, Yayuk Estuningsih, Thinni Nurul Rochmah, Merryana Andriani, Trias Mahmudiono Nov 2019

Effect Of Self-Regulated Learning For Improving Dietary Management And Quality Of Life In Patients With Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus At Dr. Ramelan Naval Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, Yayuk Estuningsih, Thinni Nurul Rochmah, Merryana Andriani, Trias Mahmudiono

Kesmas

Self-regulated learning is a process of learning how to manage and regulate oneself to obtain skills and knowledge without depending on others. It is expected that diabetes patients can manage their diabetes by themselves. This study aimed to analyze the effect of self-regulated learning-based educational intervention on quality of life for patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM) at Dr. Ramelan Naval Hospital, Surabaya. This was a quasi-experimental study in the form of pretest and posttest with a control group design. A total of 20 patients with DM were randomly divided into intervention and control groups to undergo a 4-week intervention. …

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Maternal Knowledge, Attitude, And Practices About Traditional Food Feeding With Stunting And Wasting Of Toddlers In Farmer Families, Betty Yosephin Simanjuntak, Miratul Haya, Desri Suryani, Ali Khomsan, Che An Ahmad Nov 2019

Maternal Knowledge, Attitude, And Practices About Traditional Food Feeding With Stunting And Wasting Of Toddlers In Farmer Families, Betty Yosephin Simanjuntak, Miratul Haya, Desri Suryani, Ali Khomsan, Che An Ahmad

Kesmas

Traditional foods are foods consumed by a certain ethnic group in a specific region. The habit of consuming traditional foods is usually inherited by the family members, including toddlers, of a respective generation. The study aimed to determine relationship of maternal knowledge, attitude, and practices in traditional food feeding with stunting and wasting of toddlers in the farmer families of the Central Bengkulu District. This study employed a cross-sectional design with a sample of mothers with children aged 12–59 months. The sample included a total of 115 farmer families. Data on nutritional knowledge, attitude, practices about traditional food, sex of …

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Overweight And Obesity Status With Dental Caries Among Children Aged 7–12 Years Old In Badung District, Bali 2018, Hariani Rafitha, Putri Bungsu Machmud, Ratna Djuwita, Dwi Gayatri, Fakhrana Ariani Ayub Nov 2019

Overweight And Obesity Status With Dental Caries Among Children Aged 7–12 Years Old In Badung District, Bali 2018, Hariani Rafitha, Putri Bungsu Machmud, Ratna Djuwita, Dwi Gayatri, Fakhrana Ariani Ayub

Kesmas

Dental caries is an infectious disease that Dental is characterized by the dental damage resulting from microorganism products in carbohydrate fermentation. Dental caries and obesity in children are multifactorial diseases associated with eating habits and certain lifestyle factors. This study aimed to assess the association between overweightness, obesity, and dental caries among children aged 7–12 years in Badung district, Bali province in 2018. The total sample of 426 children and their mothers were recruited from all first to fifth elementary grade students in three schools selected by simple random sampling. The logistic regression analysis has demonstrated a significant association between …

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Personal Exposure Of Traffic Policeman To Particulate Matter In Jakarta: Distribution Of Size, Chemical Composition, And Work Time, Doni Hikmat Ramdhan, Eka Fitriani Ahmad, Fitri Kurniasari, Zuly Prima Rizky, Hardy Atmajaya, Muhayatun Santoso Nov 2019

Personal Exposure Of Traffic Policeman To Particulate Matter In Jakarta: Distribution Of Size, Chemical Composition, And Work Time, Doni Hikmat Ramdhan, Eka Fitriani Ahmad, Fitri Kurniasari, Zuly Prima Rizky, Hardy Atmajaya, Muhayatun Santoso

Kesmas

Particulate matter (PM) is an air pollutant that has an impact on public health, especially in an urban area. The objective of this study was to analyze the personal concentration of PM2.5 and its composition among police working in the roadside area in Jakarta. PM measurement has done to the policeman that controlled traffic on four near highway locations in Jakarta. Sioutas impactor, Leland Legacy personal pump, and quartz fiber filter were chosen to measure the fine particles. Each PM was measured for 8-hour period. PM concentration was analyzed by the gravimetric method while tracing element and black carbon in …

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Users’ Perception Of The Hospital Information System In A Maternity Hospital In Lampung, Indonesia, Al Asyary, Arief Kurniawan Nur Prasetyo, Tris Eryando, Solvay Gerke Nov 2019

Users’ Perception Of The Hospital Information System In A Maternity Hospital In Lampung, Indonesia, Al Asyary, Arief Kurniawan Nur Prasetyo, Tris Eryando, Solvay Gerke

Kesmas

Hospital information systems (HIS) have been applied on a massive scale; however, user evaluation of their effectiveness, efficiency, and service quality improvements remain rare. This study aimed to describe the utility of information systems from the users’ point of view by using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in a maternity hospital in Lampung, Indonesia. The study provided an overview of the features of the information system and the workflow of the user through this information system. Screenshots were taken by using Camtasia Studio 2.0 Trial Version application software for one day (two shifts) in the outpatient service. The HIS generally …

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Knowledge, Attitude, Practices, And Health Beliefs Of Pregnant Women About Urinary Tract Infection And Its Associated Risk Factors: A Local Filipino Community Experience, Annalyn Navarro, Raphael Enrique Tiongco, Reynaldo Bundalian Jr. Nov 2019

Knowledge, Attitude, Practices, And Health Beliefs Of Pregnant Women About Urinary Tract Infection And Its Associated Risk Factors: A Local Filipino Community Experience, Annalyn Navarro, Raphael Enrique Tiongco, Reynaldo Bundalian Jr.

Kesmas

Urinary tract infection (UTI) during pregnancy is assumed to be associated with increased maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality; hence, a proper assessment of knowledge and practices is crucial to formulate preventive strategies to ensure the health of both the mother and the baby. The study determined the knowledge, attitude, practices (KAP), and the beliefs of pregnant women about UTI based on the Health Belief Model. A survey questionnaire was used to gather data from pregnant women with and without UTI. The association of the pregnant women’s sociodemographic characteristics with their KAP and health beliefs was determined using Pearson’s chi-square …

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Midwife’S Role In The Mother-To-Child Transmission Prevention Program In Primary Health Care In Yogyakarta, Niken Meilani, Nanik Setiyawati, Sammy Onyapidi Barasa Nov 2019

Midwife’S Role In The Mother-To-Child Transmission Prevention Program In Primary Health Care In Yogyakarta, Niken Meilani, Nanik Setiyawati, Sammy Onyapidi Barasa

Kesmas

Curing and eradicating Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) are to the core principles of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The incidence of HIV in the world remains high. Although midwives play a pivotal role in PMTCT implementation, the factors associated with midwives’ role in its implementation are not well understood. The aim of this study was to determine factors associated with midwives’ role in implementation of PMTCT. This study used a cross-sectional design. The subjects were 80 midwives at 14 primary health care in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia. The study was conducted from April to August 2017. …

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Sexual Dysfunction Among Women With Diabetes In A Primary Health Care At Semarang, Central Java Province, Indonesia, Lintang Dian Saraswati, Ari Udiyono, Dian Sutrisni, Muh Fauzi Nov 2019

Sexual Dysfunction Among Women With Diabetes In A Primary Health Care At Semarang, Central Java Province, Indonesia, Lintang Dian Saraswati, Ari Udiyono, Dian Sutrisni, Muh Fauzi

Kesmas

Sexual dysfunction is associated with pain during sexual intercourse. Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been reported to be one of the causal factors for sexual dysfunction in women. This cross-sectional study was conducted to describe the status of sexual dysfunction in women with DM in the Tlogosari Kulon Primary Health Care, Semarang, Indonesia, in March 2017. A total of 103 women with DM attending the health center participated in this study. Data were collected using a questionnaire-guided interview and through measurements (blood pressure and random blood glucose test). Results showed that 74.8% of women with DM had sexual dysfunction. The proportion …

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Proses Berpikir Siswa Berkecerdasan Matematis Logis Dalam Menyelesaikan Masalah Matematis “Ill Structured Problems”, Siti Nurjanah, Erry Hidayanto, Swasono Rahardjo Nov 2019

Proses Berpikir Siswa Berkecerdasan Matematis Logis Dalam Menyelesaikan Masalah Matematis “Ill Structured Problems”, Siti Nurjanah, Erry Hidayanto, Swasono Rahardjo

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

Understanding the thinking process of students in mathematical problem solvingis very important for the teacher. Every student has different abilities in problems solving. Ill structured problems depend on the type of intelligence they have. This research uses descriptive qualitative research. The purpose of this study is to describe the thinking process of students with logical mathematical intelligence in solving limited mathematical information problems. The subject of this study consisted of one grade VIII junior high school student who had high logical mathematical intelligence. The results showed that the thinking process of students with logical mathematical intelligence in completing "Ill structured …

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Proses Koneksi Matematis Siswa Kelas Viii Masalah Segiempat, Riska Indah Wardina, I Nengah Parta, Hendro Permadi Nov 2019

Proses Koneksi Matematis Siswa Kelas Viii Masalah Segiempat, Riska Indah Wardina, I Nengah Parta, Hendro Permadi

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

The purpose of this study is to describe the students' mathematical connection process in solving quadrilateral problems. The approach used is a descriptive explorative qualitative approach. This research was carried out in class VIII of SMP 5 Malang. The instrument used in this study was a test and interview protocol. Students selected as research subjects are students who indicate a mathematical connection process that includes guessing, interpreting, calculating, interpreting, and generalizing. The results of the study indicate that connections made by students can be categorized as developing connections. This is because students are able to reason logically in developing new …

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Analisis Kemampuan Penalaran Ilmiah Pada Pembelajaran Interactive Demonstration Disertai Formative Assessment, Demara Balqis, Sentot Kusairi, Edi Supriana Nov 2019

Analisis Kemampuan Penalaran Ilmiah Pada Pembelajaran Interactive Demonstration Disertai Formative Assessment, Demara Balqis, Sentot Kusairi, Edi Supriana

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

This research aims to analyze the students scientific reasoning ability in physics learning. The sample was 32 students of 10th grade in Public Senior High School 7 Malang. The instrument test is two tiers with 13 questions. The result shows that there are differences between students scientific reasoning score before and after interactive demonstration learning with formative assessment. In pretest, the students scientific reasoning scores were low, 25 students were at level of concrete reasoning and 9 students were at initial transition level. When the posttest, scientific reasoning score has increased, 10 students at concrete reasoning level, 15 students at …

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Pelaksanaan Pendidikan Literasi Finansial Pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar, Viving Laila, Syamsul Hadi, Subanji Subanji Nov 2019

Pelaksanaan Pendidikan Literasi Finansial Pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar, Viving Laila, Syamsul Hadi, Subanji Subanji

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

This study discusses how to implement financial literacy education in elementary school students. Financial literacy education is a person's activity in applying, understanding and managing information to make financial decisions. Financial literacy education can be taught early to provide knowledge and skills in improving financial well-being. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach to describe the activities of teachers and students in the implementation of financial literacy education in elementary schools. This study shows that the implementation of financial literacy education can provide positive attitudes for students to participate in production activities and motivate students to save. Teachers can teach …

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Analisis Potensi Penyajian Prosedur Buku New Syllabus Mathematics Jilid Ii Dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis, Apriliana Tezha Eka Faradina, Abdur Rahman As’Ari, Sukoriyanto Sukoriyanto Nov 2019

Analisis Potensi Penyajian Prosedur Buku New Syllabus Mathematics Jilid Ii Dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis, Apriliana Tezha Eka Faradina, Abdur Rahman As’Ari, Sukoriyanto Sukoriyanto

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

The main focus of this research is describing potential for presenting book procedures New Syllabus Mathematics volume II in graph of quadratic function in improving critical thinking skills. Critical thinking skills consists of interpretation, analysis, evaluation, and inference. This research used content analysis. The researcher have determined to analyze inverstigation and worked example. This research showed that the presentation of book procedures volume II have the potential to improve interpretation ability and analysis with 100%.

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Kreativitas Dan Proses Berpikir Kreatif Siswa Field Independent Dalam Pemecahan Masalah Matematika, Fauziyyah Alimuddin, Tjang Daniel Chandra, Rustanto Rahardi Nov 2019

Kreativitas Dan Proses Berpikir Kreatif Siswa Field Independent Dalam Pemecahan Masalah Matematika, Fauziyyah Alimuddin, Tjang Daniel Chandra, Rustanto Rahardi

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

This study aimed to describe field independentstudent’creative thinking process in problem solving mathematics. The participants of this study were the eighth grade students of MTs Negeri 1 Malang. Fluency, flexibility, and originality are there are three indicators indicating creativity. Preparation, incubation, illumination, and verification are four creative thinking process by Graham Wallas. Those two will be discussed brifely ini this study from field independent students.

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Penalaran Siswa Sma Dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Non-Routine, Fahrun Nisa’, I Made Sulandra, Abadyo Abadyo Nov 2019

Penalaran Siswa Sma Dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Non-Routine, Fahrun Nisa’, I Made Sulandra, Abadyo Abadyo

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

The purpose of this study is to describe students' reasoning in solving non-routine problems. This study uses descriptive exploratory research with a qualitative approach. This research was conducted on 33 MIPA SMA Laboratory UM students. A subject is taken based on student answers that are complete, correct, from the teacher's recommendations and the results of the analysis that meet five reasoning indicators, namely analysis, synthesis, generalization, justification and resolution of non-routine problems. The results of this study state that the more dominant subject performs the analysis by explaining information, doing the right calculation; then do the synthesis by combining information; …

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Eksplorasi Penguasaan Konsep Fisika Pada Materi Kalor Dengan Authentic Learning Berbasis Inquiry Pada Peserta Didik Sman, Rizky Ayu Maharani, Lia Yuliati, Nandang Mufti Nov 2019

Eksplorasi Penguasaan Konsep Fisika Pada Materi Kalor Dengan Authentic Learning Berbasis Inquiry Pada Peserta Didik Sman, Rizky Ayu Maharani, Lia Yuliati, Nandang Mufti

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

The purpose of this study is to describe changes in in heat material with authentic learning based- inqury. The samples used in this study were students as many as 28 students. This study used mixed methods with embedded experimental design. Data collection techniques with observations, tests, and interviews. Data analysis through the stages of data reduction, coding, data presentation, and conclusions then with N-gain Score. The results of research is students' understanding of concepts to increase with the category of understanding some concepts.

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Profil Berpikir Relasional Siswa Visual Berdasarkan Gender Dalam Menyelesaikan Masalah Matematika, Nurrahmah Nurrahmah, Hery Susanto, Hendro Permadi Nov 2019

Profil Berpikir Relasional Siswa Visual Berdasarkan Gender Dalam Menyelesaikan Masalah Matematika, Nurrahmah Nurrahmah, Hery Susanto, Hendro Permadi

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

This study aimed to describe the relational thinking of male and female visual students in solving mathematical problems. The method used is descriptive analysis. Subjects in this study were 1 male student and 1 female student who had visual learning style. The instruments consists a learning style questionnaires, test questions and interview guidelines. The results showed that visual male students who were able to see equal to (=) as relation symbol, could focus on the expression structure and could provide rationality the problem solving strategy. However, male visual students have not been able to focus on structure because students make …

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Failure Analysis On Titen Proto-Xx Car Chassis, Gaguk Jatisukamto, Rika Dwi Hidayatul Qoryah, Santoso Mulyadi Nov 2019

Failure Analysis On Titen Proto-Xx Car Chassis, Gaguk Jatisukamto, Rika Dwi Hidayatul Qoryah, Santoso Mulyadi

Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)

The car chassis as a skeleton supports all loads and is the most important component. Car chassis requirements must be rigid, twisting resistant, vibration resistant and resistant to fatigue. This study aims to find the cause of the failure of the Titen Proto-XX car chassis connection. The research methodology was conducted by testing the composition of materials and structural analysis using Ansys Workbench Release 15.0 software. The conclusion of the research is that the skeletal structure material uses Aluminum AA series 1XXX with Al content greater than 99.5%, the welding ability is low, causing a failure in the welded joint. …

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Designing Resilient And Sustainable Grasslands For A Drier Future: Adaptive Strategies, Functional Traits And Biotic Interactions, Florence Volaire, Karim Barkaoui, Mark Norton Nov 2019

Designing Resilient And Sustainable Grasslands For A Drier Future: Adaptive Strategies, Functional Traits And Biotic Interactions, Florence Volaire, Karim Barkaoui, Mark Norton

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In many regions of the world, such as Southern Europe and most Mediterranean areas, the frequency and magnitude of droughts and heat waves are expected to increase under global warming and will challenge the sustainability of both native and sown grasslands. To analyze the adaptive strategies of species, genotypes and cultivars, we aim both: (1) to understand the composition and functioning of natural grasslands; and (2) to propose ideotypes of cultivars and optimal composition for mixtures of species/genotypes under water deficit and high temperatures. This review presents a conceptual framework to analyze adaptive responses of perennial herbaceous species, starting from …

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Australian Grasslands Research At The Crossroads, Alan Robson Nov 2019

Australian Grasslands Research At The Crossroads, Alan Robson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grasslands research in Australia is at a crossroad. There are several difficulties. First, the decline of sheep production and dairying within Australia and increased cropping has focused attention on crop research rather than pasture research. Second, enrolments in agricultural and related education have declined, and graduate numbers are insufficient to meet demand for expertise. Third, there has been a move towards specialisation in research and there are relatively few generalist agricultural scientists able to integrate research results into agricultural ecosystems. There remain very many challenges. Adapting grassland production to minimize the emission of carbon dioxide and methane is a major …

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International R D & E Investment: Revitalising The Skill Base In Grassland Research And Practice, Ralph Von Kaufmann Nov 2019

International R D & E Investment: Revitalising The Skill Base In Grassland Research And Practice, Ralph Von Kaufmann

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grasslands make up about 40.5% of the world’s land surface, and almost everywhere they make vital contributions to food supplies, livelihoods, watersheds, conservation of biodiversity and to ameliorating climate change through carbon sequestration. However, grasslands are under-represented in discussions on food security and livelihoods. Despite large investments in building human capacity, improving production systems and in research, grasslands are continuing to degrade and there is no let-up in sight for the consequent strife, famines and conflicts among the pastoral and other communities that depend on them. This review of grassland issues identified many critical skills that are lacking but it …

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Drivers Of Change For Grassland And Forage Systems: A Case Study Of China, Yingjun Zhang, L. Z. Zhang, M. L. Wang, X. L. Li, Q. C. Yang, J. Hanson, M. A. Jorge Nov 2019

Drivers Of Change For Grassland And Forage Systems: A Case Study Of China, Yingjun Zhang, L. Z. Zhang, M. L. Wang, X. L. Li, Q. C. Yang, J. Hanson, M. A. Jorge

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grassland and forage systems have changed dramatically across the world. This paper describes some of the key drivers of change of grassland and forage systems using examples from China as a case study. The key drivers of change for grassland and forage systems include political, economic, social, technical and environmental factors and their impact on changes in grasslands ecosystems in China is discussed. There are interactions among the drivers and their impact is similar in many developing countries.

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Legumes, Livestock And Livelihoods In The Australian Mixed Farming System, E. C. Wolfe Nov 2019

Legumes, Livestock And Livelihoods In The Australian Mixed Farming System, E. C. Wolfe

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This Howard Oration describes the pathway that I have taken towards my specialisation in ‘big picture’ agriculture. A simple protocol is presented for the analysis of agricultural systems by using descriptive or quantitative indicators of five system properties: productivity, sustainability, profitability, social wellbeing and political acceptability. These properties are further illustrated by considering four important issues in the Australian sheep-wheat belt, a distinctive world food production system. The issues are the supply of and demand for legume nitrogen for crops, reconciling agricultural and natural resource objectives, the low profitability of farms in relation to production and marketing risks, and the …

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Does Intensification Of Grassland And Forage Use Lead To Efficient, Profitable And Sustainable Ecosystems?, Oene Oenema, Cecile De Klein, Marta Alfaro Nov 2019

Does Intensification Of Grassland And Forage Use Lead To Efficient, Profitable And Sustainable Ecosystems?, Oene Oenema, Cecile De Klein, Marta Alfaro

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The increasing demand for safe and nutritional dairy and beef products in our globalizing world, together with the needs to increase resource use efficiency and to protect biodiversity, provide strong incentives for intensification of grassland and forage use. This paper addresses the question in the title. Firstly, we present some notions about ‘intensification of agricultural production’. Secondly, we discuss the intensification of grassland-based dairy production in The Netherlands (NL), Chile and New Zealand (NZ). Finally, we arrive at some conclusions. External driving forces and ‘the law of the optimum’ provide strong incentives for intensification, i.e., for increasing the output per …

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New Frontiers And Perspectives In Grassland Technology, Jürgen Schellberg, E. Verbruggen Nov 2019

New Frontiers And Perspectives In Grassland Technology, Jürgen Schellberg, E. Verbruggen

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grassland scientists and farmers are increasingly faced with emerging new technologies and in-formation systems that have been primarily developed by engineering sciences in particular: precision agriculture, remote sensing, geographic localization and biotechnology. Whether the implementation of any of these technologies may be beneficial in economic and ecological respect is a challenging judgment call, especially for those who have to carry over that decision on their farm. Compared to arable land, new technologies have been applied on grassland only partially and with some delay. However, as we will demonstrate, there is place for a successful implementation of new technologies in various …

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Diversity, Trends, Opportunities And Challenges In Australian Grasslands–Meeting The Sustainability And Productivity Imperatives Of The Future?, Lindsay W. Bell, Richard C. Hayes, Keith G. Pembleton, Cathy M. Waters Nov 2019

Diversity, Trends, Opportunities And Challenges In Australian Grasslands–Meeting The Sustainability And Productivity Imperatives Of The Future?, Lindsay W. Bell, Richard C. Hayes, Keith G. Pembleton, Cathy M. Waters

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grassland production systems contribute 40% to Australia’s gross agricultural production value and utilise over 50% of its land area. Across this area a broad diversity of systems exist, but these can be broadly classified into four main production systems: 1. Pastoral grazing of mainly cattle at low intensity (i.e. < 0.4 DSE/ha) on relatively unimproved native rangelands in the arid and semi-arid regions of northern and central Australia; 2. Crop-livestock systems in the semi-arid zone where livestock graze a mixture of pastures and crops which are often integrated; 3. High rainfall permanent pasture zone in the coastal hinterland and highlands and; 4. Dairy systems covering a broad range of environments and production intensities. A notable trend across these systems has been the replacement of wool sheep with beef cattle or meat sheep breeds, which has been driven by low wool prices. Although there is evidence that most of these systems have lifted production efficiencies over the past 30 years, total factor productivity growth has failed to match the decline in terms of trade. This has renewed attention on how research and development can help increase productivity. In addition, these industries are facing increasing scrutiny to improve their environmental performance and develop sustainable production practices. We propose several areas in which grasslands research and development might help provide gains in system productivity and sustainability. In particular, pasture productivity might be improved by filling gaps in the array of pastures available either through exploring new species or improving the adaptation and agronomic characteristics of species currently sown. Meanwhile there is a need to maintain efforts to overcome persistent and emerging constraints to pasture productivity. Improving livestock forage feed systems and more precise and lower cost management of grasslands would translate into improved utilisation and conversion of forage produced into livestock products. There is significant scope to capture value from the ecological services grasslands provide and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from livestock production. Multi-purpose grasslands provide not only grazing for livestock but produce other food products such as grain which may also have potential to integrate livestock with cropping. However, reduced human research capacity in pasture science will challenge our ability to realise these potential opportunities unless efforts are made to attract and support a new generation of pasture scientists.

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Managing Grassland Systems In A Changing Climate: The Search For Practical Solutions, Jean-François Soussana, Luis Gustavo Barioni, Tamara Ben Ari, Rich Conant, Pierre Gerber, Petr Havlik, Alexandre Ickowicz, Mark Howden Nov 2019

Managing Grassland Systems In A Changing Climate: The Search For Practical Solutions, Jean-François Soussana, Luis Gustavo Barioni, Tamara Ben Ari, Rich Conant, Pierre Gerber, Petr Havlik, Alexandre Ickowicz, Mark Howden

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

By the end of the XXIst century, a global temperature rise between 1.5 and 4°C compared to 1980-1999 and CO2 concentrations in the range 550-900 ppm are expected, together with an increased frequency of extreme climatic events (heat waves, droughts, and heavy rain) that is likely to negatively affect grassland production and livestock systems in a number of world regions. Grassland management has a large potential to mitigate livestock greenhouse gas emissions at a low (or even negative) cost, by combining a moderate intensification, the restoration of degraded pastures and the development of silvo-pastoral systems. Climate change vulnerability …

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Letter From The Editor, Gabriel L. Lomas Nov 2019

Letter From The Editor, Gabriel L. Lomas

JADARA

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Feeding The World In 2050: Trade-Offs, Synergies And Tough Choices For The Livestock Sector, Jimmy Smith, Shirley Tarawali, Delia Grace, Keith Sones Nov 2019

Feeding The World In 2050: Trade-Offs, Synergies And Tough Choices For The Livestock Sector, Jimmy Smith, Shirley Tarawali, Delia Grace, Keith Sones

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Feeding the World in 2050 is a major challenge at the forefront of the global development agenda. The importance of agriculture in addressing this challenge has re-emerged in recent years as food security issues are considered in a more holistic manner. The role of livestock as part of the solution is, however, often not considered. This article presents a brief overview of the global food security challenge, and considers the increased focus on holistic food systems. It contends that animal agriculture is relevant to this complex, multifaceted and dynamic global challenge. However, if livestock-based solutions are to become a reality …

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