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Bottom-Up Trait-Mediated Indirect Effects Decrease Pathogen Transmission In A Tritrophic System, Bret D. Elderd

Faculty Publications

© 2018 by the Ecological Society of America A plant's induction of secondary defenses helps to decrease herbivore damage by changing resource quality. While these chemical or physical defenses may directly decrease herbivory, they can also have indirect consequences. In a tritrophic system consisting of a plant, an insect herbivore, and an insect pathogen, plant based trait-mediated indirect effects (TMIEs) can alter host–pathogen interactions and, thereby, indirectly affect disease transmission. In a series of field experiments, individual soybean plants (Glycine max) were sprayed with either a jasmonic acid (JA) solution to trigger induction of plant defenses or a similar control …

Novel Approaches To Evaluate And Enhance Neonatal Calf Gastrointestinal Health And Development, Fernanda Trindade Da Rosa

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Physiological adaptations of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) epithelial cells as well as methods to manipulate early life GIT microbiota colonization during the neonatal stage, is of great importance to the dairy industry. The first objective of this research was to optimize a method based on evaluation of bovine transcripts in fecal RNA via RTqPCR using L-selectin (SELL) as a marker for polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL), keratin 8 (KRT8) and fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2) for GIT enterocytes, and tight junctions in fecal RNA and GIT sections in dairy calves. To test the reliability of the fecal RNA method, fecal and …

The Effect Of Proteolytic Queues On Antibiotic Tolerance And Persistence Cells Population In Escherichia Coli, Alawiah Abualrahi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A major contributing factor to the abundance of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms and failed antibiotic treatment is survival due to antibiotic tolerance and persistence. Antibiotic tolerance is a widespread phenomenon that enables cells to survive treatment without carrying a resistance gene. This phenomenon renders antibiotic treatments less effective and facilitates antibiotic resistance. We are particularly interested in proteases, responsible for degradation of proteins, because of their known relationship to tolerance and persistence. Here, we examine the effects of proteases and antibiotic survival using queueing theory, in which one type of customer competes for processing by servers, that has traditionally been applied to …

Comparison Of Patient Outcomes In A Pharmacist-Led Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy Program, Zachary Howe

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection

Purpose: Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) is a therapeutic option meant to conserve healthcare resources when treating infections requiring the administration of IV antibiotics over a prolonged treatment course. In November 2016 at Franciscan Alliance Indianapolis, a dedicated pharmacist was hired to build a formal OPAT program for all patients discharged on IV antimicrobials under the care of the infectious disease physician group. The number of “good catch” events observed since the program’s formal inception has encouraged the creation of this study designed to examine the impact of this program on patient outcomes and antimicrobial stewardship.

Methods: This was a …

Orda Weekly Update, 2019 09 09, Office Of Research Development And Administration

ORDA Weekly Update

No abstract provided.

Celiac Disease: A Physiological Overview And Possible Future Work With Emphasis On Raman Spectroscopy, Katlyn Curtin Mehne

Wayne State University Theses

Celiac Disease is a condition whereby ingesting Gluten causes an autoimmune reaction in the intestines with adverse effects throughout the body. Although statistic analysis estimates that 1% of the general population is affected by this condition, the diagnosis and treatment research lacks in key areas of understanding. This is a summary of current research and physiological information on the impact of Celiac Disease. In the last twenty years, Raman Spectroscopy assisted in diagnosis and treatment of various other ailments. In this case, Raman Spectroscopy can be used to research immunological cells involved in Celiac Disease and further research.

Imbalance Of Uracil Dna Glycosylase And Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase Expression In Folate Depleted Human Lymphoblastoids, Elizabeth Zanley

Wayne State University Theses

Background: The DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway is responsible for processing of genomic uracil lesions however, in some tissue types the excisional and gap-filling steps performed by UNG2 and POLβ, respectively, are impaired by folate deficiency in human and murine models in vitro. Genomic uracil damage can be acquired by inadequate conversion of uracil to thymine nucleotide precursors resulting from insufficient folate cofactors, or through activation induced cytosine deaminase (AID) activity during antibody diversification in B-cells in the context of adaptive immunity. The immunoglobulin (Ig) diversification methods in B-cells depend on the coordinated interaction between AID and UNG2, and …

Lead Us Not Into Temptation: A Response To Barbara Fedders’S “Opioid Policing”, Anna Roberts

Indiana Law Journal

In “Opioid Policing,”1 Barbara Fedders contributes to the law review literature the first joint scholarly analysis of two drug policing innovations: Seattle’s Law Enforcement Assisted Diversion (LEAD) program and the Angel Initiative, which originated in Gloucester, Massachusetts. Even while welcoming the innovation and inspiration of these programs, she remains clear-eyed about the need to scrutinize their potential downsides. Her work is crucially timed. While still just a few years old, LEAD has been replicated many times2 and appears likely to be replicated still further—and to be written about much more. Inspired by Fedders’s call for a balanced take, this Response …

Assessing Knowledge, Attitude And Practices Of Hand Hygiene Among University Students, Linda Afia Mbroh

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Objective: Proper hand hygiene is the key to reducing occurrence of infectious diseases in many different types of communities, including the healthcare settings, daycare centers, and grade schools. College students have been found to inadequately wash their hands, which increases their chances of contracting infectious diseases. The purpose of this research is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of hand hygiene among students at a large midwestern university.

Participants and Methods: Using a cross- sectional survey, and three self-reported questionnaires, data were collected from 406 undergraduate students, ages 18 years of age and above enrolled at Minnesota State University, …

Promising Recent Strategies With Potential Clinical Translational Value To Combat Antibacterial Resistant Surge, Partha Karmakar, Vishwanath Gaitonde

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Sedentary Behaviors, Tv Viewing Time, And Risk Of Young-Onset Colorectal Cancer, Long H. Nguyen, Po-Hong Liu, Xiaobin Zheng, Nana Keum, Xiaoyu Zong, Xiao Li, Kana Wu, Charles S. Fuchs, Shuji Ogino, Kimmie Ng, Walter C. Willett, Andrew T. Chan, Edward L. Giovannucci, Yin Cao

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Transcriptomic Analysis Of Enteropathy In Zambian Children With Severe Acute Malnutrition, Mubanga Chama, Beatrice C. Amadi, Kanta Chandwe, Kanekwa Zyambo, Ellen Besa, Nurmohammad Shaikh, I. Malick Ndao, Phillip I. Tarr, Chad Storer, Richard Head, Paul Kelly

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Comparative Evaluation Of Enteric Bacterial Culture And A Molecular Multiplex Syndromic Panel In Children With Acute Gastroenteritis, Thomas Kellner, Brandon Parsons, Linda Chui, Byron M. Berenger, Jianling Xie, Carey-Ann D. Burnham, Phillip I. Tarr, Bonita E. Lee, Alberto Nettel-Aguirre, Jonas Szelewicki, Otto G. Vanderkooi, Xiao-Li Pang, Nathan Zelyas, Stephen B. Freedman, Alberta Provincial Pediatric Enteric Infection Team (Appetite)

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Comparative Analysis Of Roseoloviruses In Humans, Pigs, Mice, And Other Species, Joachim Denner, Tarin M Bigley, Tuan L Phan, Cosima Zimmermann, Xiaofeng Zhou, Benedikt B Kaufer

Open Access Publications

Viruses of the genus

Potential Role Of Gut Microbiota In Induction And Regulation Of Innate Immune Memory, Shikha Negi, Deepjyoti Kumar Das, Susanta Pahari, Sajid Nadeem, Javed N Agrewala

Open Access Publications

The gut microbiota significantly regulates the development and function of the innate and adaptive immune system. The attribute of immunological memory has long been linked only with adaptive immunity. Recent evidence indicates that memory is also present in the innate immune cells such as monocytes/macrophages and natural killer cells. These cells exhibit pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize microbe- or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs or PAMPs) expressed by the microbes. Interaction between PRRs and MAMPs is quite crucial since it triggers the sequence of signaling events and epigenetic rewiring that not only play a cardinal role in modulating the activation …

Assessment Of Two Behavioural Models (Hbm And Ranas) For Predicting Health Behaviours In Response To Environmental Threats: Surface Water Flooding As A Source Of Groundwater Contamination And Subsequent Waterborne Infection In The Republic Of Ireland, L. Andrade, K. O'Malley, Paul Hynds, E. O'Neill, J. O'Dwyer

Articles

Extreme weather events (EWEs) are increasing in frequency, posing a greater risk of adverse human health effects. As such, developing sociological and psychological based interventions is paramount to empowering individuals and communities to actively protect their own health. Accordingly, this study compared the efficacy of two established social-cognitive models, namely the Health Beliefs Model (HBM) and Risks-Attitudes-Norms-Abilities-Self-regulation (RANAS) framework, in predicting health behaviours following EWEs. Surface water flooding was used as the exemplar EWE in the current study, due to the increasing incidence of these events in the Republic of Ireland over the past decade. Levels of prior experience with …

Modulating The Tumor Microenvironment To Induce Cross-Priming For Cancer Immunotherapy, Erica Fleming-Trujillo

Dissertations

Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) using T cells engineered to express tumor-specific T cell receptors (TCR) holds great promise in treating cancer patients. ACT involves the in vitro generation of large numbers of tumor-specific T cells, which are then administered back to the patient, to establish an in vivo response and effective tumor control. Our lab conducted a phase I clinical trial in which metastatic melanoma patients received systemic infusions of autologous T cells transduced to express a tyrosinase-specific TCR (TIL 1383I). We observed tumor regression in one of seven patients and the development of vitiligo, indicative of T cell-mediated killing …

Immigration, Adoption And Our National Identity, Shani M. King

UF Law Faculty Publications

In this Article, I tell the story of intercountry adoption. Our starting point is the beginning of the adoption process, with so-called “sending countries,” in which I explore the reasons that countries enter their children into the intercountry adoption market. We begin in the aftermath of World War II and continue until the present day. The story starts in Europe (specifically, in Germany, Greece, and Italy) and Japan. It then continues throughout the Korean War and the communist regime of Nicolae Ceauseacu, until present-day Russia and China. Next, I tell the story of receiving countries; I discuss the social, political, …

Treatment Options For Post Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome, Barbara Bowman

Oral History Posters

With the high incidence of Lyme disease in the endemic areas of North America, it is important to appropriately diagnosis and treat this condition to prevent post treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS).

Background information regarding Lyme disease is given. The purpose of this research is to discuss the treatment options available for those patients that fit the case definition of PTLDS. A literature review was conducted using several different electronic databases finding peer reviewed research articles pertaining to the treatment options available for PTLDS. Extended antibiotic use is shown to be not beneficial in most cases. Alternative treatment options listed …

Treatment Options For Post Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome, Barbara Bowman

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

With the high incidence of Lyme disease in the endemic areas of North America, it is important to appropriately diagnosis and treat this condition to prevent post treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS). Background information regarding Lyme disease is given. The purpose of this research is to discuss the treatment options available for those patients that fit the case definition of PTLDS. A literature review was conducted using several different electronic databases finding peer reviewed research articles pertaining to the treatment options available for PTLDS. Extended antibiotic use is shown to be not beneficial in most cases. Alternative treatment options listed …

Expedited Partner Therapy For Gonorrheal And Chlamydial Infections, Nicholas Coburn-Pierce

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

Sexually transmitted infections (STI) such as Neisseria Gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia Trachomatis pose a challenge to the healthcare system worldwide. Treating sexual partners is as crucial to controlling the spread of these infections as treating index patients. However, because of problems associated with stigma, reaching affected populations, and ensuring follow-up, unique solutions are require to ensure partners receive treatment. One solution is Expedited Partner Therapy (EPT). EPT refers to treating patients, and providing necessary medication for both patient and partner. Current recommendations are for oral doses one gram of azithromycin and 400 milligrams of cefixime. This literature review looked at thirteen …

The Evaluation Of Pathogen Survival In Dry Cured Charcuterie Style Sausages, Jennifer Michelle Mcneil

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

The objective of this study was to evaluate the survival of non-O157:H7 STEC, Salmonella spp., and S. aureus in dry fermented sausages. Chorizo and Landjager sausages were inoculated with individual bacterial cocktails and stuffed into natural casings. Temperature, relative humidity, pH, and water activity were monitored through fermentation, drying, and storage. Bacterial counts were determined by serial dilution and plated in triplicates on selective media. Plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours and colony forming units per gram (CFU/g) were observed.

Results of the first study validate that contaminated raw materials contribute to pathogen survival and background bacteria outcompeted …

Effects Of Yeast-Derived Microbial Protein On Transition Dairy Cow Health And Performance, Gustavo Mazon Correa Alves

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

The transition period for dairy cows is defined as the three weeks pre and postpartum. During the transition period, dairy cows experience a myriad of metabolic, managerial, and nutritional requirement changes. These changes lead to stress and increased susceptibility to diseases which can negatively affect lactational performance in the short and long term. However, dietary amino acid availability can have a dramatic impact on the health and performance of dairy cows around parturition. Thus, the objective of the thesis was to evaluate the effects of supplementing yeast-derived microbial protein, as an alternative protein source for dairy cows during the transition …

Expedited Partner Therapy For Gonorrheal And Chlamydial Infections, Nicholas Coburn-Pierce

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

Sexually transmitted infections (STI) such as Neisseria Gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia Trachomatis pose a challenge to the healthcare system worldwide. Treating sexual partners is as crucial to controlling the spread of these infections as treating index patients. However, because of problems associated with stigma, reaching affected populations, and ensuring follow up, unique solutions are require to ensure partners receive treatment. One solution is Expedited Partner Therapy (EPT). EPT refers to treating patients, and providing necessary medication for both patient and partner. Current recommendations are for oral doses one gram of azithromycin and 400 milligrams of cefixime. This literature review looked at …

Parenteral Ascorbic Acid For Treatment Of Sepsis, Lindsey Hiatt

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

Sepsis kills nearly 1 million people each year in the United States and sepsis-related hospitalizations cost approximately $24 billion annually (Paoli, Reynolds, Sinha, Gitlin, & Crouser, 2018). Current treatment guidelines are limited to targeted antibiotics and hemodynamic support. While antibiotics are the definitive treatment to eradicate the infectious pathogen, there are currently no standard-of-care treatments that consistently and successfully attenuate the damage sustained to the body by its own inflammatory response to infection. Many different treatments have been trialed and failed to show improved outcomes. Vitamin C, or ascorbic acid, has long been associated with supporting immune function, and has …

Comparing Screening And Treatment Of Bacterial Vaginosis And Pregnancy Outcomes, Stephanie Severson

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

Evidence shows that bacterial vaginosis (BV) can lead to poor perinatal outcomes.

• The goal of this project is to answer the question of which pregnant patients should be screened for BV and does identification and treatment of BV during pregnancy improve perinatal outcomes.

• Due to variability in a multitude of factors, a generalized recommendation is difficult to make. Lack of recommendations are largely due to harm of treatment in those who were misdiagnosed.

• The development of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has the capability to reduce misdiagnosis.

• Newer studies have shown benefit of early screening and treatment …

Benefits Of Hpv Vaccination In Adolescent Males, Budd Theriot

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States, affecting approximately 75-80% of young adults at some point in their lives, and it is also known to be directly related to several forms of cancer including cervical, vaginal, penile, anal, oral, and oropharyngeal cancer. Vaccination against several high-risk strains of HPV first became available in the U.S. in June of 2006 and has been proven to be effective in creating antibodies against several strains of high-risk HPV, potentially decreasing and preventing more than 30,000 new cases of HPV related cancers each year. Despite this fact, HPV vaccination …

Health Disparities In Females With Rheumatic Heart Disease In Central Afghanistan, Ruhina Najem

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This study surveyed healthcare professionals and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) female participants in two hospitals located in central Afghanistan to examine the effects of communication among healthcare professionals, ethnicity and socioeconomic status, and the health quality of life. The social ecological models (SEM) of health promotion was utilized in the individual (communication between healthcare professionals), community (health quality of life), and societal factors (ethnicity and socioeconomic status). Three research questions were explored in this study: the significance of RHD healthcare professional's education to their RHD female patients ages 16 to 45 years; a correlation between ethnicity and socioeconomic status among …

Hiv/Aids And Behavioral Risk Factors Among Former Texas Prison Inmates, Scarlett Lusk-Edwards

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

As of the end of 2010, .9% (20,093) of the inmate population under the care of the U.S. Federal Bureau of Prisons and 1.7% (2,394) of the inmate population under the care of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice were living with HIV/AIDS. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to analyze the relationships between HIV/AIDS status and former inmate demographic characteristics, intravenous drug use (IDU), and social support networks. The behavior models of importation and deprivation formed the theoretical frameworks used to explore the relationship between HIV/AIDS and behavioral risk factors for released Texas prison inmates. Fifty former …

Program Evaluation Of The Employee Health And Wellbeing Program, Alicia Carmen Marlena Perez

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Health promotion and disease prevention are a focus of population health management. Without ongoing and rigorous evaluation, these programs may be in jeopardy of continuing. The purpose of this project was to conduct a descriptive population health- focused evaluation of a large-scale health system's employee health and wellbeing program. Guided by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) framework for program evaluation in public health and National Center for Organization Development guidelines, a nurse-led evaluation was conducted using 5 specific data sets emphasizing organizational structure, employee health offerings, employee surveys, Pathway to Excellence survey, and program contributions. A descriptive …