Digital Commons Network^™

Building An Integrated Infrastructure For Exploring Biodiversity: Field Collections And Archives Of Mammals And Parasites, Kurt E. Galbreath, Eric P. Hoberg, Joseph A. Cook, Blas Armién, Kayce C. Bell, Mariel L. Campbell, Jonathan L. Dunnum, Altangerel T. Dursahinhan, Ralph P. Eckerlin, Scott L. Gardner, Stephen E. Greiman, Heikki Henttonen, F Agustín Jiménez, Anson V. A. Koehler, Batsaikhan Nyamsuren, Vasyl V. Tkach, Fernando Torres-Pérez, Albina Tsvetkova, Andrew G. Hope

Biology Faculty Publications

Museum specimens play an increasingly important role in predicting the outcomes and revealing the consequences of anthropogenically driven disruption of the biosphere. As ecological communities respond to ongoing environmental change, host–parasite interactions are also altered. This shifting landscape of host–parasite associations creates opportunities for colonization of different hosts and emergence of new pathogens, with implications for wildlife conservation and management, public health, and other societal concerns. Integrated archives that document and preserve mammal specimens along with their communities of associated parasites and ancillary data provide a powerful resource for investigating, anticipating, and mitigating the epidemiological, ecological, and evolutionary impacts of …

A Vaccine A Day To Keep The Doctor Away: A Research Essay On Vaccinations, Alyssa Gentile

ESSAI

No abstract provided.

Polynesian Civilization And The Future Colonization Of Space, John Grayzel

Comparative Civilizations Review

Polynesian civilization was configured—prior to Western colonization—in ways similar to that sometimes described as necessary for humanity's interstellar migration into space. Over thousands of years and miles, across open ocean, a core population expanded to settle on hundreds of scattered islands, while maintaining shared identity, continued awareness and repetitive contact with each other. Key to their expansion was their development of robust ocean-going vessels and their extraordinary abilities to navigate across vast expanses of open water. The first half of the 1800s saw a surge in contacts between Polynesia and western missionaries and whalers, followed by significant depopulation due to …

Medicine + Health Magazine, Spring 2019, George Washington University, School Of Medicine And Health Sciences, Office Of Communications And Marketing

Medicine + Health Magazine

No abstract provided.

"As Parents, How On Earth Are We Going To Handle This Issue": Provider And Parent Views On Sexuality-Related Challenges During Adolescence Among International Hiv-Infected Adoptees In The U.S., Sarah Alger, Cynthia Fair

GW Research Days 2016 - 2020

As the number of internationally adopted children with HIV has increased since 2010 in the U.S., more children may have additional educational needs, particularly related to sexuality, as they mature. After conducting 48 hour-long, semi-structured interviews with parents and providers, the qualitative analysis shows that many parents' adoption decisions are driven by faith, which can influence the child's ability to gain vital sexual education given their HIV status. Parents of internationally adopted children with HIV could benefit from the support of healthcare providers to better understand the importance of sexual and reproductive health during adolescence.

The Innovator - Spring 2019, Allison Litera

Faculty Affairs & Research Newsletters - The Innovator

Newsletter published by the Offices of Faculty Affairs & Research

Search, The Jackson Laboratory

Search Magazine

No abstract provided.

Dean's Report - Spring 2019, Marina K. Holz

GSBMS Dean’s Report

No abstract provided.

Gw Nursing, Spring 2019, George Washington University, School Of Nursing

GW Nursing Magazine

No abstract provided.

Elevating Communities Into Self-Sufficiency Through Federally-Funded Health Partnerships, Nalleli Martinez

Master's Projects and Capstones

Purpose: This qualitative study is to identify programing that encourages increased self-sufficiency in SNAP recipients. The goal was to identify themes related to successful self-sufficiency programming at federally-funded health centers/health programs (HCHPs). The study also investigated the role of social determinants of health in relation to achieving self-sufficiency.

Method: A series of 45-minute to 1-hour-long interviews were conducted to explore the perspectives of seven total staff at seven federally-funded HCHPs across the U.S. western region. Using Nvivo, a qualitative data analysis software, responses were categorized into six themes: patient-centered care, one-stop-shop/integrated care model, community partnerships, organizational and staff support, leadership …

Geospatial Applications For Identifying Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (Cafos) And Impaired Streams In California, Jennifer B. Alford, Jocelyn Perez

Geography and Environmental Studies Faculty Publications

The objective of this study is to identify and spatially illustrate the location of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations in California, their proximity to impaired surface waters listed on the US Environmental Protection Agencies (EPAs) 303(d) list and communities defined as “Pollution Burden” (i.e. affected by and vulnerable to multiple pollution sources) by the CA Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) CalEnviroScreen tool.

Comparison Of Nylon-Flocked Swab And Dacron Swab Cytology For Anal Hsil Detection In Transgender Women And Gay, Bisexual, And Other Men Who Have Sex With Men, Dorothy J. Wiley, Hilary K. Hsu, Martha A. Ganser, Jenny Brook, David A. Elashoff, Stephen A. Young, Nancy E. Joste, Ronald Mitsuyasu, Teresa M. Darragh, David H. Morris, Otoniel M. Martínez-Maza, Roger Detels, Jian Yu Rao, Robert K. Bolan, Eric T. Shigeno, Ernesto Rodriguez, Matthrew G. Moran

Pathology Research and Scholarship

BACKGROUND: An anal histological high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (hHSIL) is an anal cancer precursor. Experts recommend Dacron swab anal cytology as a primary screen for anal hHSILs, especially among human immunodeficiency virus-infected and -uninfected men who have sex with men (MSM). Studies have shown that Dacron cytology inaccurately predicts anal hHSILs and results in unnecessary diagnostic procedures. Nylon-flocked (NF) swabs have been shown to trap pathogens and cells well. Thus, this study compared test characteristics of anal cytology using NF and Dacron swab collection protocols to predict anal hHSILs.

METHODS: A single-visit, randomized clinical trial compared NF and Dacron swab …

Embracing Global Warmth And Climate Resilience Through Green Chemistry Legislation, Oladele A. Ogunseitan

UC Law Environmental Journal

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Caspofungin Sequentially Combined With Fluconazole On The Biomass Of Mixed Candida Albicans And Candida Glabrata Biofilm In Vitro, Siripen Pesee, Kasma Wohyeh, Kusuma Srisuk, Teerakul Arpornsuwan, Chatchai Pesee

Asian Medical Journal and Alternative Medicine

Introduction: Previous study revealed that pre-exposure of C. albicans biofilm with fluconazole (FLU) lead to a significant decrease of the efficacy of caspofungin (CAS). This study aimed to investigate the effect of CAS sequentially combined with FLU on the reduction of mixed Candida albicans and Candida glabrata biofilm.

Method: Mixed C. albicans and C. glabrata biofilms were pretreated either with CAS or FLU at 1 MIC concentration for 1 to 6 hours, then FLU or CAS at 1 MIC concentration were added to selected biofilms, respectively. Biofilm quantitation was evaluated using crystal violet (CV) assay. Additionally, antifungal activity of sequential …

Care For Caregivers: Understanding The Need For Caregiver Support, Marcela Kepic, Amber Randolph, Katherine M. Hermann-Turner

Adultspan Journal

No abstract provided.

Transposon Mutagenesis In Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis, John P. Bannantine, Denise K. Zinniel, Raul G. Barletta

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

While transposon mutagenesis has been developed for Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map), relatively few laboratories have adopted this important genetic tool to examine gene function and essentiality. Here we describe the construction of a Map transposon library using the Himar1 mariner transposon, but concepts can also be applied to the Tn5367 transposon, which has also been used by our group. Delivery of the transposon is by a temperature-sensitive phagemid, ϕMycoMarT7, and plating transductants requires patience and specialized media due to length of incubation required to observe colonies. Several transposon mutants obtained from these libraries have been tested in vaccine and …

State Benchmark Plan Coverage Of Opioid Use Disorder Treatments And Services: Trends And Limitations, Stacey A. Tovino

South Carolina Law Review

No abstract provided.

Amplification Dynamics Of Platy-1 Retrotransposons In The Cebidae Platyrrhine Lineage, Jessica M. Storer, Jackson R. Mierl, Sarah A. Brantley, Breanna Threeton, Yahor Sukharutski, Lydia C. Rewerts, Corey P. St Romain, Madeline M. Foreman, Jasmine N. Baker, Jerilyn A. Walker, Joseph D. Orkin, Amanda D. Melin, Kimberley A. Phillips, Miriam K. Konkel, Mark A. Batzer

Faculty Publications

© 2019 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. Platy-1 elements are Platyrrhine-specific, short interspersed elements originally discovered in the Callithrix jacchus (common marmoset) genome. To date,only themarmoset genomehas been analyzed for Platy-1 repeat content.Here,we report full-length Platy-1 insertions in other NewWorld monkey (NWM) genomes (Saimiri boliviensis, squirrel monkey; Cebus imitator, capuchin monkey; and Aotus nancymaae, owl monkey) and analyze the amplification dynamics of lineage-specific Platy-1 insertions. A relatively small number of full-length and lineage-specific Platy-1 elements were found in the squirrel, capuchin, and owl monkey genomes compared with the …

A Baker's Dozen Of Top Antimicrobial Stewardship Intervention Publications In 2017, Daniel B. Chastain, David B. Cluck, Kayla R. Stover, Katherine T. Lusardi, Ashley Marx, Sarah Green, Carmen Faulkner-Fennell, Michelle Turner, Elias B. Chahine, P Brandon Bookstaver, Christopher M. Bland

Faculty Publications

With an increasing number of antimicrobial stewardship-related articles published each year, attempting to stay current is challenging. The Southeastern Research Group Endeavor (SERGE-45) identified antimicrobial stewardship-related peer-reviewed literature that detailed an "actionable" intervention for 2017. The top 13 publications were selected using a modified Delphi technique. These manuscripts were reviewed to highlight the "actionable" intervention used by antimicrobial stewardship programs to provide key stewardship literature for training and teaching and identify potential intervention opportunities within their institutions.

Analysis Of Hepatitis C Prevalence In A Justice-Involved Medicaid Population In Louisiana, William R. Boles Iii

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

Healthy You, Lehigh Valley Health Network

Healthy You

No abstract provided.

Propionate Enhances The Antimicrobial Defenses In Macrophages Against Listeria Monocytogenes, John Weis

Honors Theses

Propionate is a short chain fatty acid produced by the bacteria in the human gut. It has a wide range of nutritional functions in the human body. Several studies have also reported the effects of propionate on immune cell activation. In this study, we used Listeria monocytogenes as a model pathogen to determine how and what the effects of propionate on immune cells influence cell susceptibility to infections. Listeria is a dangerous intracellular pathogen that can replicate inside immune cells such as macrophages. Therefore, we can assess the impact of propionate on infection susceptibility by performing cell culture infections. We …

Louisiana Agriculture Spring, 2019

Louisiana Agriculture

No abstract provided.

Amplification Dynamics Of Platy-1 Retrotransposons In The Cebidae Platyrrhine Lineage, Mark A. Batzer, Jessica M. Storer, Jackson R. Mierl, Sarah A. Brantley

Faculty Publications

Platy-1 elements are Platyrrhine-specific, short interspersed elements originally discovered in the Callithrix jacchus (common marmoset) genome. To date, only the marmoset genome has been analyzed for Platy-1 repeat content. Here, we report full-length Platy-1 insertions in other New World monkey (NWM) genomes (Saimiri boliviensis, squirrel monkey; Cebus imitator, capuchin monkey; and Aotus nancymaae, owl monkey) and analyze the amplification dynamics of lineage-specific Platy-1 insertions. A relatively small number of full-length and lineage-specific Platy-1 elements were found in the squirrel, capuchin, and owl monkey genomes compared with the marmoset genome. In addition, only a few older Platy-1 subfamilies were recovered in …

Virulence-Driven Trade-Offs In Disease Transmission: A Meta-Analysis*, Miguel A. Acevedo, Forrest P. Dillemuth, Andrew J. Flick, Matthew J. Faldyn, Bret D. Elderd

Faculty Publications

© 2019 The Author(s). Evolution © 2019 The Society for the Study of Evolution. The virulence–transmission trade-off hypothesis proposed more than 30 years ago is the cornerstone in the study of host–parasite co-evolution. This hypothesis rests on the premise that virulence is an unavoidable and increasing cost because the parasite uses host resources to replicate. This cost associated with replication ultimately results in a deceleration in transmission rate because increasing within-host replication increases host mortality. Empirical tests of predictions of the hypothesis have found mixed support, which cast doubt about its overall generalizability. To quantitatively address this issue, we conducted …

Pharmacy Newsletter : April 2019, Pharmacy Department

Department of Pharmacy Archives

Content:

• New Dosing Recommendations for Safe Use of Colistin
• Fournier’s Gangrene reported with SGLT2 Inhibitors for Diabetes
• Drug Use : The Three Dosage form of Fosfomycin
• Losartan, An Effective Alternative Approach in Managing Marfan Syndrome
• Pediatric Dose Calculation when no Pediatric Dose Available?

Design And Synthesis Of Ceragenins–Cationic Steroid Antimicrobial Compounds, Structural Improvement And Synthesis Of Cyclopentenone Prostaglandins And Modification And Synthesis Of Derivatives Of Ribityllumazines: Potential Antigens For Activation Of Mait Cells, Yubo Li

Theses and Dissertations

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are ubiquitous and display broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity that can control bacterial colonization of surfaces. Ceragenins are small-molecule mimics of AMPs and have several advantages over AMPs, including cost of manufacture and stability. A ceragenin, CSA-120, modified with an acrylamide group was directly incorporated into fluoropolymer coatings as a means of inhibiting bacterial biofilm formation. The ceragenin-containing coatings displayed improved performance. By conjugating a copper chelating group to the ceragenin, chelation of 64Cu by the conjugate was effective and provided a stable complex that allowed in vivo imaging. This conjugate may provide a means of identifying infection sites …

Near-Complete Genome Sequences Of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Indiana Laboratory Strains Hr And T1026r1 And Plaque Isolates 22-20 And 22-25, Thomas M. Russell, Evan E. Santo, Lisa Golebiewski, Nathan S. Haseley, Maureen Ferran

Articles

We report four near-complete genome sequences of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) Indiana obtained with Sanger and Illumina next-generation sequencing, namely, laboratory strains HR (heat resistant) and T1026R1 and isolates 22-20 and 22-25. Previously, only the M gene of these viruses had been sequenced, and these sequences were not deposited in GenBank.

100 Years Later: An Analysis Into Factors That Affected Mortality During The 1918 Spanish Flu Pandemic, Austin Haack

Honors Thesis

The 1918 Influenza Pandemic moved around the world in three waves, infecting up to 500 million people and causing over 40 million deaths. In areas that ended the pandemic with lower mortality rates than average, several things tended to be present. These include low rates of poverty, widespread access to healthcare, well-funded and widespread public health measures, and well-managed record keeping. Areas that ended the pandemic with high rates of mortality tended to lack the above – they had high rates of poverty, access to healthcare was limited, public health measures were unfunded or ineffective, and recordkeeping and communication were …

Osteobiography Of Ancient Egyptian Mummified Remains, 900-790 Bc, Cassandra Tester

Honors Thesis

Osteobiography is the compilation of molecular and anthropological analyses to reconstruct the pre-, peri-, and post-mortem histories of individuals. Post-mortem histories of human remians can extend millennia after the time of death, such as the many Ancient Egyptian mummies brought to North America during the 19th and 20th century for carnivals and sideshows. A sarcophagus curated at the W.H. Over Museum, Vermillion, South Dakota, has been tentatively identified as dating to the Ptolemaic Dynasty (330-30 BC), but casts doubt on sumbols used as they do not represent known hieroglyphs. The sarcophagus was prominently displayed at a 21st century amusement park …