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2019

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Hematologic, Biochemical, Genetic, And Histological Biomarkers For The Evaluation Of The Toxic Effects Of Fipronil For Rhamdia Quelen, Ana Carolina Fredianelli, Victor Hugo Pierin, Samara Caroline Uhlig, Luciana Do Amaral Gurgel Galeb, Daniel Carlos Coatti Rocha, Deivid Roni Ribeiro, Amanda Anater, Claudia Turra Pimpão Jan 2019

Hematologic, Biochemical, Genetic, And Histological Biomarkers For The Evaluation Of The Toxic Effects Of Fipronil For Rhamdia Quelen, Ana Carolina Fredianelli, Victor Hugo Pierin, Samara Caroline Uhlig, Luciana Do Amaral Gurgel Galeb, Daniel Carlos Coatti Rocha, Deivid Roni Ribeiro, Amanda Anater, Claudia Turra Pimpão

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study aimed to determine the lethal concentration 50% (LC$_{50}$) and behavioral, hematological, biochemical, histopathological, and genetic disorders of fipronil for Rhamdia quelen in acute toxicity tests for 96 h. To determine the LC$_{50}$, 42 juveniles were distributed in groups of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.8 mg L$^{-1}$ of fipronil. For other evaluations 36 silver catfish were divided into control, 0.3 mg L$^{-1}$, and 0.4 mg L$^{-1}$ groups. Blood, kidneys, livers, and gills were collected for evaluation. The LC$_{50}$ calculated with probit-type regression was 0.811 mg L$^{-1}$ at 48 h of study. There was total mortality of …

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Microsatellite Panels For Parentage Testing Of Kilis Goats Reared In Turkey, Mahmut Keski̇n, Onur Yilmaz, Zühal Gündüz, Nezi̇h Ata, Sabri̇ Gül, İbrahi̇m Cemal, Orhan Karaca, Süleyman Ercüment Önel Jan 2019

Microsatellite Panels For Parentage Testing Of Kilis Goats Reared In Turkey, Mahmut Keski̇n, Onur Yilmaz, Zühal Gündüz, Nezi̇h Ata, Sabri̇ Gül, İbrahi̇m Cemal, Orhan Karaca, Süleyman Ercüment Önel

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to develop PCR-based suitable microsatellite marker panels for paternity testing and to define pedigree errors in Kilis goats. A total of 137 head of goats were used, consisting of 118 head of kids and 19 head of possible candidate sires. A total of 392 alleles were observed in 22 microsatellite markers. Allele numbers ranged between 12 (SRCRSP7) and 24 (BM1818, INRA0023, and SRCRSP15) with an average of 17.82. The mean value of the effective allele numbers was obtained as 9.44. The overall polymorphic information content value was quite high (0.88). The overall observed (Ho) …

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Phylogenetic Relationships Of Native Turkish Cattle Breeds Using Microsatellite Markers, Yusuf Özşensoy, Ercan Kurar, Müge Doğan, Zafer Bulut, Mehmet Ni̇zamlioğlu, Ayşe Işik, Aysun Çamlidağ, Vahdetti̇n Altunok Jan 2019

Phylogenetic Relationships Of Native Turkish Cattle Breeds Using Microsatellite Markers, Yusuf Özşensoy, Ercan Kurar, Müge Doğan, Zafer Bulut, Mehmet Ni̇zamlioğlu, Ayşe Işik, Aysun Çamlidağ, Vahdetti̇n Altunok

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

A total of 20 microsatellite DNA markers were used for genetic characterization and determination of phylogenetic relationships of native cattle breeds of Turkey, including the Anatolian Grey (AG), Anatolian Black (AB), South Anatolian Red (SAR), East Anatolian Red (EAR), Southern Anatolian Yellow (SAY), and Zavot (ZAV). DNA samples were isolated from 271 blood samples using an organic method. Amplified polymerase chain reaction products were separated by capillary electrophoresis and genotypes were determined for 20 microsatellites. A total of 269 different alleles were determined. The lowest (7.80) and highest (10.80) mean allele numbers were observed for the ZAV and SAY populations, …

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A Case Of Ex Vivo Boosted Immune Cell Therapy For Chronic Ulcerative Dermatitis In A Dog, Seulgi Bae Jan 2019

A Case Of Ex Vivo Boosted Immune Cell Therapy For Chronic Ulcerative Dermatitis In A Dog, Seulgi Bae

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

A 13-year-old castrated male Shih Tzu was presented with recurrent otitis externa and ulcerative dermatitis. Previous investigations had failed to identify the cause, and the lesion was resistant to treatment. According to the histopathological examination, a tentative diagnosis of chronic ulcerative dermatitis with bacterial infection was made. To treat the patient, immune cell therapy with antibiotics was conducted every 2 weeks, for a total of six sessions. After treatment, the skin lesion resolved. No side effects were observed during therapy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of the use of immune cell therapy for …

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Influence Of Rearing Conditions And Birth Season On Calf Welfare In The First Month Of Life, Ljiljana Samolovac, Slavca Hristov, Branislav Stankovic, Radojka Maletic, Renata Relic, Zvonko Zlatanovic Jan 2019

Influence Of Rearing Conditions And Birth Season On Calf Welfare In The First Month Of Life, Ljiljana Samolovac, Slavca Hristov, Branislav Stankovic, Radojka Maletic, Renata Relic, Zvonko Zlatanovic

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of farm conditions and season of birth on body mass, respiratory system diseases and diarrhea occurrence, and mortality during the first month of calves? life. The study was conducted on two tie-stall-system farms with intensive milk production and similar nutrition of dairy cows, but with differences in rearing conditions of calves in the first week of life. The calves were tied on lying area with straw as bedding material (farm A) or free in individual boxes with straw bedding (farm B). In the first consumption, they take 1-2 L of …

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The Influence Of Haptoglobin Phenotype On Differential Leukocyte Count In Neonatal Calves, Elena Kalaeva, Olga Zemlyanukhina, Vladislav Kalaev, Kseniya Efimova, Anton Chernitskiy, Nikolay Kaverin, Vladimir Safonov Jan 2019

The Influence Of Haptoglobin Phenotype On Differential Leukocyte Count In Neonatal Calves, Elena Kalaeva, Olga Zemlyanukhina, Vladislav Kalaev, Kseniya Efimova, Anton Chernitskiy, Nikolay Kaverin, Vladimir Safonov

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This research was conducted to study the content and phenotypes of haptoglobin and their correlation to the differential leukocyte count in healthy Red-motley Holstein calves (n = 30). The blood samples from calves were taken through puncture of the jugular vein on days 1, 7, 14, and 28 after birth. Differential leukocyte count was analyzed by manual enumeration. Serum haptoglobin content was determined by spectrophotometry (UV-1700 Shimadzu, Japan). Haptoglobin phenotypes were studied using gel electrophoresis. Serum haptoglobin content in calves on day 1 after birth was 3.8 ± 0.7 g/L, on day 7 was 3.5 ± 0.7 g/L, and on …

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Sequence Characterization Of Full-Length S, Yeganeh Yousefi, Mohammad Reza Bassami, Gholam Ali Kalidari, Mohammad Mehdi Ghahramani Seno Jan 2019

Sequence Characterization Of Full-Length S, Yeganeh Yousefi, Mohammad Reza Bassami, Gholam Ali Kalidari, Mohammad Mehdi Ghahramani Seno

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes heavy economic losses in chicken farms worldwide. Like many other viral diseases, vaccination is the gold standard approach in controlling and preventing the spread of IBV. However, IBV is continuously evolving and new strains of this virus emerge that, due to variable antigenic cross-reactivity, may reduce or nullify the protective effect of vaccination programs. Therefore, advance knowledge of the IBV strain(s) circulating in a region will be very useful in deciding which commercial vaccine(s) would be most effective. In this line, we analyzed the nucleotide sequence of the full-length 1$_{1}$ gene of IBV viruses isolated …

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Management Of A Coxiella Burnetii-Infected Sheep Flock After An Outbreak Of Q Fever In Humans, Jana Avbersek, Mateja Pate, Andrej Skibin, Matjaz Ocepek, Brane Krt Jan 2019

Management Of A Coxiella Burnetii-Infected Sheep Flock After An Outbreak Of Q Fever In Humans, Jana Avbersek, Mateja Pate, Andrej Skibin, Matjaz Ocepek, Brane Krt

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Following an outbreak of Q fever in a group of students who contracted the infection during a training course on a sheep farm, a detailed investigation of the sheep flock involved was conducted. Of 478 flock animals, 60 Coxiella burnetii ELISA-positive and 60 ELISA-negative ewes were selected for the trial and divided into four groups. A month after the initial ELISA screening, all ewes in the flock (except the control group) were vaccinated. Sequentially collected blood samples were tested with ELISA and PCR; feces, milk, manure, bedding, and soil were tested with PCR. The immune response to the vaccination was …

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Negative Effects Of Occurrence Of Clinical Mastitis From Calving To End Of The Voluntary Waiting Period On Reproduction In Holstein Cows, Seçki̇n Salar, Oğuz Çalişici, Duygu Çalişici, Doğukan Özen, Ayhan Baştan Jan 2019

Negative Effects Of Occurrence Of Clinical Mastitis From Calving To End Of The Voluntary Waiting Period On Reproduction In Holstein Cows, Seçki̇n Salar, Oğuz Çalişici, Duygu Çalişici, Doğukan Özen, Ayhan Baştan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The objective was to evaluate the effects of clinical mastitis (CM) on reproductive performance in high-milk?producing cows before the service period. The data of Holstein Friesian cows (n = 550) in a commercial farm was retrospectively evaluated. The diagnosis of CM was made by the presence of visible abnormalities in milk or symptoms of inflammation of one or more of the quarters. Cows were checked to detect CM prior to each milking. Calving to first service interval (CFSI), calving to conception interval (CCI), and services per conception (SC) were evaluated as reproductive parameters. Calving to first service interval (83.68 ± …

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Formation Of Local Protection Of The Respiratory Tract In Holstein Calves, Yuriy Alekhin, Maksim Zhukov, Valentina Morgunova, Galina Chusova, Irina Klementeva Jan 2019

Formation Of Local Protection Of The Respiratory Tract In Holstein Calves, Yuriy Alekhin, Maksim Zhukov, Valentina Morgunova, Galina Chusova, Irina Klementeva

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The processes of formation of the local protection of the respiratory tract in nasal secretion samples of Holstein calves from birth to 6 months of age that were born from clinically healthy cows were examined. Only clinically healthy animals were involved in the experiment. Nasal secretion samples were collected with the help of a sterile foam tampon with a fixing thread in order to assess local immunity in animals at the age of 1, 5, 10, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 days. Total protein, mucin, lysozyme activity, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were determined using commercially available methods. The …

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The Effect Of Laying Period On Egg Quality Traits And Chemical Composition Of Lindovskaya (Linda) Geese Reared Under Breeder Conditions, Mehmet Sari, Kadi̇r Emre Buğdayci, Aykut Asim Akbaş, Mustafa Saatci, Mustafa Numan Oğuz Jan 2019

The Effect Of Laying Period On Egg Quality Traits And Chemical Composition Of Lindovskaya (Linda) Geese Reared Under Breeder Conditions, Mehmet Sari, Kadi̇r Emre Buğdayci, Aykut Asim Akbaş, Mustafa Saatci, Mustafa Numan Oğuz

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The study was conducted to determine the effect of laying period on egg quality traits as well as the chemical composition of Lindovskaya geese. The egg quality traits were examined by randomly taking a total of 90 eggs on the 45th ± 5, 60th ± 5, and 75th ± 5 days of the laying period from 3-year-old female Lindovskaya geese. It was determined that the effect of the laying period on external quality traits of eggs was statistically nonsignificant (P > 0.05). The effect of laying period on internal quality traits including height, diameter, and index of the yolk and albumen …

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Neutralizing Antibody Titers Against Field Strains Of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus After Vaccination With Three Commercial Vaccines, Gi̇zem Alpay, Kadi̇r Yeşi̇lbağ Jan 2019

Neutralizing Antibody Titers Against Field Strains Of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus After Vaccination With Three Commercial Vaccines, Gi̇zem Alpay, Kadi̇r Yeşi̇lbağ

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Modified killed vaccines against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) are used worldwide. In the present study, the cross-neutralization antibody responses against field strains from seven subgenotypes of BVDV-1 and one subgenotype of BVDV-2 were evaluated using sera obtained by three inactivated commercial vaccines. One vaccine contained both BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 strains, while the others contained only BVDV-1a. Three vaccine groups, each containing five calves, were vaccinated two times with 30-day intervals. The antibody titers were evaluated by virus neutralization assay. The monovalent vaccine induced the highest antibody titers. Significant levels of neutralizing antibody titers were maintained up to the last …

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Histomorphological And Histochemical Structure Of The Midgut And Hindgut Of The Caucasian Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera Caucasia), Ahmet Ceylan, Sedat Sevi̇n, Özge Özgenç Jan 2019

Histomorphological And Histochemical Structure Of The Midgut And Hindgut Of The Caucasian Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera Caucasia), Ahmet Ceylan, Sedat Sevi̇n, Özge Özgenç

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The Caucasian honey bee (Apis mellifera caucasia subspecies of Apis mellifera L.) is one of the most common and prominent honey bee breeds in Turkey. The morphometry of endemic honey bee breeds has been extensively studied, but little attention has been given to the microscopic morphology of these bees. The aim of the current study was to describe for the first time the histomorphology of the midgut and hindgut of the Caucasian honey bee in Turkey. A total of 20 local Caucasian adult honey bee workers were sampled for histomorphological and histochemical analysis. The midgut epithelium consisted of epithelial cells …

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Development Of Spermatogonial Stem Cell Niche And Immunoexpression Of Vimentin Filaments In The Testes Of Prenatal And Postnatal Indian Buffalo (Bubalus Bubalis), Ashritha Quanisha Carlo, Devendra Pathak, Opinder Singh, Neelam Bansal Jan 2019

Development Of Spermatogonial Stem Cell Niche And Immunoexpression Of Vimentin Filaments In The Testes Of Prenatal And Postnatal Indian Buffalo (Bubalus Bubalis), Ashritha Quanisha Carlo, Devendra Pathak, Opinder Singh, Neelam Bansal

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, we established the components of the buffalo spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) niche in prenatal (38.5-280 days of gestation), neonatal, prepubertal, and adult testes histochemically and immunohistochemically. Immunohistochemically, the changes in vimentin expression were evaluated. During prenatal life, the niche of primordial germ cells was formed by the surrounding mesenchymal cells and fibroblasts. The basement membrane (BM) was not organized at this stage. At 7.6 cm crown-rump length, testicular cords with a thin BM were seen. At the late gestational period, testicular cords with well-organized BM were seen. At the neonatal stage, the testicular cords were lined with …

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Phenotypic Characterization And Differentiation Of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Originating From Adipose Tissue, Ece Çerçi̇, Hati̇ce Erdost Jan 2019

Phenotypic Characterization And Differentiation Of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Originating From Adipose Tissue, Ece Çerçi̇, Hati̇ce Erdost

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Stem cells are known as undifferentiated cells that are capable of divisions and self-renewal over an extended period. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) are known to differentiate into many different organ and tissue cells. The purpose of this study was to characterize adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells in detail based on the expression status of certain surface markers and differentiation stages for clinical and laboratory applications. The migrating phase and mitotic property of the cells from adipose tissue were assessed under a microscope. Cell counting was performed during the first, second, and third passages. The cells were differentiated into …

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Rehabilitation Tenure And Promotion Criteria, Department Of Rehabilitation, East Tennessee State University Jan 2019

Rehabilitation Tenure And Promotion Criteria, Department Of Rehabilitation, East Tennessee State University

Tenure and Promotion Criteria

No abstract provided.

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Rehabilitation Workload Policy, Department Of Rehabilitation, East Tennessee State University Jan 2019

Rehabilitation Workload Policy, Department Of Rehabilitation, East Tennessee State University

Tenure and Promotion Criteria

No abstract provided.

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Expressions, Winter 2019, San Jose State University, College Of The Humanities And The Arts Jan 2019

Expressions, Winter 2019, San Jose State University, College Of The Humanities And The Arts

Expressions (College of Humanities and the Arts)

College of Humanities and the Arts Newsletter

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Empirical Assessment Of Callous-Unemotional Traits In Preschool: A Comparison Of Confirmatory Factor Analysis And Network Analysis, Pevitr Singh Bansal Jan 2019

Empirical Assessment Of Callous-Unemotional Traits In Preschool: A Comparison Of Confirmatory Factor Analysis And Network Analysis, Pevitr Singh Bansal

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

Callous – unemotional (CU) traits are a key factor in understanding the persistence and severity of conduct problems. The factor structure of CU traits has been primarily examined through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in childhood and adolescent samples, yet little research has examined the structure of CU traits in preschool. Further, current CFA models have yielded poor – to – marginally acceptable fit, suggesting the need for a more nuanced approach in understanding the structure of CU traits in early childhood using an interitem approach (i.e., network analysis). Within a sample of 109 preschool children (M age = 4.77, …

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The Effect Of Posttraumatic Stress And Trauma-Focused Disclosure On Experimental Pain Sensitivity Among Trauma-Exposed Women, Caitlyn Olivia Hood Jan 2019

The Effect Of Posttraumatic Stress And Trauma-Focused Disclosure On Experimental Pain Sensitivity Among Trauma-Exposed Women, Caitlyn Olivia Hood

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

Previous studies evaluating the impact of trauma history and PTSD on pain sensitivity yield inconsistent findings; the presence of trauma-related negative affective states may account for these discrepancies. Therefore, the proposed study aimed to evaluate the effect of trauma-related negative affect and PTSD symptoms on sensory and affective components of pain sensitivity among trauma-exposed women. Adult women (N = 87) with low and high PTSD symptoms underwent an emotional disclosure paradigm, during which they wrote about a traumatic event or a neutral topic. Participants then completed a pain induction procedure. Compared to women with low PTSD symptoms, women with …

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Examining The Utility Of Behavioral Economic Demand In Addiction Science, Justin Charles Strickland Jan 2019

Examining The Utility Of Behavioral Economic Demand In Addiction Science, Justin Charles Strickland

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

The marriage of perspectives from behavioral economic theory and learning theory has the potential to advance an understanding of substance use and substance use disorder. Behavioral economic demand is a central concept to this interdisciplinary approach. Evaluating demand in the laboratory and clinic can improve previous research on the relative reinforcing effects of drugs by accounting for the multi-dimensional nature of reinforcement rather than viewing reinforcement as a unitary construct. Recent advances in the commodity purchase task methodology have further simplified the measurement of demand values in human participants. This dissertation project presents a programmatic series of studies designed to …

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Cognition, Repetitive Thought, And Systemic Inflammation In The Midlife In The United States Study, Elana M. Gloger Jan 2019

Cognition, Repetitive Thought, And Systemic Inflammation In The Midlife In The United States Study, Elana M. Gloger

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

Segerstrom et al. (2017) found that more repetitive thought (RT) was related to lower interleukin-6 (IL-6), in older adults at average IQ. This study aimed to replicate and extend this finding in midlife adults, with a daily measure of RT, and additional inflammatory biomarkers. 153 participants were drawn from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Refresher project; ages 25-70 (M = 45.07, SD = 10.96), 50.3% female, and 83% Caucasian. Cognition was assessed via the Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone, biological data via fasted blood draw, and RT data were collected as part of the National …

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When And Why We Protect Our Honor, Brian Michael Enjaian Jan 2019

When And Why We Protect Our Honor, Brian Michael Enjaian

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

Men from a culture of honor often use physical aggression in response to threats as a way of restoring lost honor. Threats can range from being called an offensive name to someone flirting with their romantic partner. On the other hand, women from a culture of honor are expected to be submissive and avoid situations that can result in harm to their reputation. However, a recent meta-analytic review of the literature suggests that women do not always avoid situations that can harm their reputation. Rather, women in a culture of honor also use physical aggression in response to threats. In …

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When Brain Stimulation Backfires, Sarah Beth Bell Jan 2019

When Brain Stimulation Backfires, Sarah Beth Bell

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

tDCS brain stimulation does not always work in the intended direction. It has been found to sometimes worsen behavior rather than improve it. A preliminary study shows that people high on sensation-seeking and lack of premeditation were prone to reverse effects of tDCS on performance on a Stop Signal Task. Both of these constructs are related to dopamine levels. Study 2 seeks to intentionally cause a reverse effect of tDCS by increasing participants’ dopamine levels via caffeine. There was not a significant interaction between tDCS and caffeine on errors on the Stop Signal Task in this study. However, other factors …

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Posttraumatic Stress And Risky Sex In Trauma-Exposed College Students: The Role Of Personality Dispositions Toward Impulsive Behavior, Jessica Flores Jan 2019

Posttraumatic Stress And Risky Sex In Trauma-Exposed College Students: The Role Of Personality Dispositions Toward Impulsive Behavior, Jessica Flores

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been linked to heightened engagement in risky sexual behavior (RSB) across diverse samples, and impulsivity has been postulated as a potential linkage (Weiss et al., 2012). Limited information has been published on the role that impulsivity can play in strengthening the relationship between PTSD and RSB in college students. The current study examined the moderating role of impulsivity dispositions: negative/positive urgency, (lack of) perseverance, sensation seeking, and (lack of) premeditation on the association between PTSD symptoms and past-year RSB among a sample of 221 undergraduate students (77.4% female) with at least one DSM-5 defined traumatic …

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Do Bulimic Behaviors Increase Shame? Toward An Understanding Of Transdiagnostic Risk, Heather A. Davis Jan 2019

Do Bulimic Behaviors Increase Shame? Toward An Understanding Of Transdiagnostic Risk, Heather A. Davis

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

Binge eating is a harmful, maladaptive behavior associated with comorbid psychopathology. Theory posits that increases in maladaptive, transdiagnostic emotions following binge eating in individuals with BN may predict the experience of comorbid symptoms. The current study served as a laboratory test of the first part of this theory: whether state increases in maladaptive emotions occur following engagement in binge eating behavior in women with BN compared with healthy controls. Women (n = 51) were recruited from the community if they met DSM-5 criteria for BN or OSFED BN (of low frequency) (n = 21) or were free of lifetime disordered …

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Neurobehavioral Measurements Of Natural And Opioid Reward Value, Aaron Paul Smith Jan 2019

Neurobehavioral Measurements Of Natural And Opioid Reward Value, Aaron Paul Smith

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

In the last decade, (non)prescription opioid abuse, opioid use disorder (OUD) diagnoses, and opioid-related overdoses have risen and represent a significant public health concern. One method of understanding OUD is as a disorder of choice that requires choosing opioid rewards at the expense of other nondrug rewards. The characterization of OUD as a disorder of choice is important as it implicates decision- making processes as therapeutic targets, such as the valuation of opioid rewards. However, reward-value measurement and interpretation are traditionally different in substance abuse research compared to related fields such as economics, animal behavior, and neuroeconomics and may be …

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Characterizing An In Vitro Model Of Severe Focal Traumatic Brain Injury In Hippocampal Slice Cultures: The Effects Of Ethanol And Calpain Inhibition By Mdl-28170, Julia Elaine Jagielo-Miller Jan 2019

Characterizing An In Vitro Model Of Severe Focal Traumatic Brain Injury In Hippocampal Slice Cultures: The Effects Of Ethanol And Calpain Inhibition By Mdl-28170, Julia Elaine Jagielo-Miller

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

In the United States, 2.8 million people suffer a traumatic brain injury (TBI) annually. Between 25%-50% of TBI injuries happen under alcohol intoxication. It is not understood how alcohol impacts patient outcomes via secondary injury pathways. Secondary injury pathways offer a window for therapeutic interventions, but there has been little success finding effective medications. Slice cultures offer a way to study secondary injury mechanisms in a controlled manner. The transection injury can model excitotoxicy seen following TBI. The current studies examined the effect of alcohol intoxication and withdrawal at the time of injury, and the effect of a calpain inhibitor …

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Measuring Glutamate And Oxygen In Brain Reward Circuits In Animal Models Of Cocaine Abuse And Decision-Making, Seth Richard Batten Jan 2019

Measuring Glutamate And Oxygen In Brain Reward Circuits In Animal Models Of Cocaine Abuse And Decision-Making, Seth Richard Batten

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

Drug-specific reward and associated effects on neural signaling are often studied between subjects, where one group self-administers drug and a separate group self-administers a natural reinforcer. However, exposure to drugs of abuse can cause long-term neural adaptations that can affect how an organism responds to drug reward, natural reward, and their reward-associated stimuli. Thus, to isolate drug-specific effects it is important to use models that expose the same organism to all of the aforementioned. Multiple schedules provide a means of dissociating the rewarding effects of a drug from the rewarding effects of food within a single animal. Further, drug users …

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Development Of A Translational Model Of Co-Use Of Alcohol And Nicotine For Testing Potential Pharmacotherapies, Sarah Elizabeth Maggio Jan 2019

Development Of A Translational Model Of Co-Use Of Alcohol And Nicotine For Testing Potential Pharmacotherapies, Sarah Elizabeth Maggio

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

Co-users of alcohol and nicotine are the largest group of polysubstance users worldwide. Although pharmacotherapies are available for alcohol (EtOH) or tobacco use disorders individually, it may be possible to develop a single pharmacotherapy to treat heavy drinking tobacco smokers through capitalizing on the commonalities in their mechanisms of action. Towards this goal, several models of concurrent access to EtOH and nicotine were explored as potential preclinical models of co-use using female alcohol-preferring (P) rats. Additionally, potential pharmacotherapeutics for the treatment of EtOH and nicotine co-use disorder were tested using different variations of our model. Treatments tested included (1) varenicline, …

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