Digital Commons Network^™

No.05: Food Security And The Changing Landscape Of Food Retailing In Nanjing, China, Zhenzhong Si, Jonathan Crush

Hungry Cities Partnership

■ The expansion of supermarkets and online food markets are changing the complexion of food retailing in Nanjing. At the same time, traditional forms of retail display considerable resilience.

■ Nanjing has low levels of food insecurity overall as measured by the HFIAS and HDDS. The one in five households who are food insecure are primarily low-income and female-centred.

■ Concerns over food safety are a major characteristic of all consumers in Nanjing irrespective of income and food security status.

■ Policy implications include ensuring food access for households with higher levels of food insecurity, promoting trustworthy food sources in …

Racial Segregation In U.S. Areas, Yanneli Llamas, Caitlin Saladino, William E. Brown

Demography

This Fact Sheet highlights racial segregation in some of the Mountain West’s largest metros: Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV; Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA; and Phoenix-Mesa-Chandler, AZ, otherwise known as the Southwest Megapolitan Triangle. The Tables that follow illustrate residential segregation in these three major metropolitan areas.

Stay Or Go! Challenges For Hispanic Families Preceding Hurricanes: Lessons Learned, Melinda L. Lewis Phd, Paula T. Rappe Msw, Lcsw, Linda K. Tierney Msw, Janet D. Albury Msw

Journal of Family Strengths

The complexities of critical decision making processes for Hispanic/Latino immigrant families concerning whether to shelter in place or evacuate preceding hurricanes along the southern coastal region of the continental United States are explored. Hispanic/Latino immigrant families in the U.S., particularly migrant workers, may experience obstacles of language, social vulnerabilities, information dissemination, distrust of authorities, and contextual barriers. Historical perspectives and lessons learned from previous disaster preparation efforts suggest a more inclusive infrastructure at the local, community, regional, state and national levels through coordinated efforts to enhance existing meso and macro-level practice and procedures supporting health and safety of Hispanic/Latino families …

Jane’S Urban Ethics: Jane Jacobs On Racism, Capital, Power, And The Plantation Mentality Peter L. Laurence, Peter L. Laurence

Publications

The 2016 centennial of Jane Jacobs's birth was an opportunity for scholars and pundits to reflect on the legacy of The Death and Life of Great American Cities and the author's other works and activism. Such reflections naturally reflected on her enduring appeal and readership, but also sought to find shortcomings. Among the critics, and even some otherwise admiring biographers, was a theme that while Jacobs was keen to observe the importance of “eyes on the street” and other street-scaled phenomena, she was weak on such overarching structural concerns as racism, power, and capital. From such charges arose claims that …

Geographic Accessibility To Primary Care Providers: Comparing Rural And Urban Areas In Southwestern Ontario, Tayyab I. Shah, Andrew F. Clark, Jamie A. Seabrook, Shannon Sibbald, Jason A. Galliland

Human Environments Analysis Lab (HEAL)

This research examines geographical accessibility to primary care providers (PCPs) across urban and rural areas of Southwestern Ontario and examines variations in the distribution of PCPs in relation to the senior population (aged 65 years and older). Information about PCP practices was provided by the HealthForceOntario Marketing and Recruitment Agency. Population data were obtained from the 2016 Census of Canada. To calculate scores for accessibility to PCPs (i.e., PCPs/10,000 population), we applied the enhanced 2‐step floating catchment area method with distance decay effect within a global service catchment of 30‐minute drive time. A geospatial mapping approach revealed disparities in the …

No.04: Enabling Informal Food Vending In Urban South Africa, Godfrey Tawodzera, Jonathan Crush

Hungry Cities Partnership

■ Food vending is an important component of the South African economy, where it provides employment, income, livelihoods and contributes to the food security of poorer households.

■ Policies towards the informal food sector in most South African cities are restrictive and often punitive, and undermine the critical contributions of informal food vending.

■ To maximize their impacts, informal food vendors need an enabling policy environment with less red tape, better infrastructure, greater financial and other supports, and public recognition of their positive role in the urban food system.

Spatiotemporal Patterns Of Small For Gestational Age And Low Birth Weight Births And Associations With Land Use And Socioeconomic Status, Charlene Nielsen, Carl Amrhein, Prakesh S Shah, Khalid Aziz, Alvaro R Osornio-Vargas

Office of the Provost

In addition to small for gestational age (SGA) and low birth weight at term (LBWT), critically ill cases of SGA/LBWT are significant events from outcomes and economic perspectives that require further understanding of risk factors. We aimed to assess the spatiotemporal distribution of locations where there were consistently higher numbers of critically ill SGA/LBWT (hot spots) in comparison with all SGA/LBWT and all births. We focused on Edmonton (2008-2010) and Calgary (2006-2010), Alberta, and used a geographical information system to apply emerging hot spot analysis, as a new approach for understanding SGA, LBWT, and the critically ill counterparts (ciSGA or …

The Replication Of The Globe Study In Turkey: Understanding The Effects Of Social, Economical, And Political Changes On Cultural Dimensions And Leadership Ideals: A Mixed Methods Study, Zeki Pagda

Dissertations

Starting in 1995, the GLOBE (Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness) project has conducted a comprehensive study of cultural values and leadership ideals of 62 countries. GLOBE has identified nine cultural and six leadership dimensions, examined the relationship between cultural values and leadership ideals, grouped countries into clusters, and presented culturally derived leadership ideals. According to the 1995 GLOBE findings, Turkey fits in the Middle Eastern cluster with its corresponding expectations regarding leadership ideals. However, in the past thirty years, Turkey has undergone dramatic social, economic and political changes that may have affected ideals of leadership. The goal of this …

Family Demography: Macmillan Encyclopedia Of Families, Marriages, And Intimate Relationships, Aurea K. Osgood

Sociology Faculty Publications

Family Demography is a book chapter from the Macmillan Encyclopedia of Families, Marriages, and Intimate Relationships. This encyclopedia was published in August 2019. Dr. Osgood is a faculty member in the Sociology, Criminal Justice, & Geography Department at Winona State University.

Characterizing Nodule Endophyte Communities In Glycine Max And Lablab Purpureus Using Next-Generation Sequencing, Scott David Mcelveen

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Biological nitrogen fixation by rhizobia in the root nodules of legumes is a significant source of agricultural nitrogen in global crop production systems. The influence of and interaction of factors involved in nodule endophyte selection remain poorly understood. In the present study, the influences of crop rotation (soybean-legume vs. cotton-legume) and recalcitrant soil organic matter (compost amendment) on the relative distribution of endophytic bacteria in the root nodules of greenhouse-grown soybean and lablab were investigated by extracting, amplifying, and sequencing 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and nifH genes. Neither preceding crop nor compost amendment were found to have an influence on …

Historical Floodplain Sedimentation Rates Using Mining Contaminant Profiles, Cesium-137, And Sediment Source Indicators Along The Lower Big River, Jefferson County, Missouri, Miranda M. Jordan

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Floodplain sedimentology and geochemistry can indicate the age of sediment layers to evaluate the history of human-caused sedimentation in a watershed. While the Ozark Highlands of Missouri has had a long history of settlement and land disturbance beginning in the early 1800s, there are few studies that have investigated the effects of these anthropogenic activities on river form and legacy sedimentation. The goal of this study is to characterize the sediment properties and geochemical trends in post-settlement floodplain deposits along lower Big River in Jefferson County, Missouri. This study evaluated trends of sediment properties at 3 cm intervals in a …

Geomorphic And Land Use Controls On Headwater Channel Morphology In Mark Twain National Forest, Grace F. Roman

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Prescribed burning has been used over the past two decades to manage forests and restore shortleaf pine-oak woodlands in Mark Twain National Forest (MTNF). While soil studies have been completed, no assessments of burning practices on small drainage channel systems have yet been done. Headwater streams may account for more than two-thirds of total stream length and are important to the maintenance of hydrologic connectivity in watersheds. This study’s focus is on understanding the relationship between frequency of forest burning and channel morphology (size, shape, and substrate) of headwater streams (km²). A combination of field measurements, geo-processing methods, …

Southeast Asia: A Potential Domain For Chemical Terrorism, Bryner Ramos Las

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

This research examines the prospect of Southeast Asia as a future domain for chemical terrorism over the next five years by assessing the correlation between the intent and capability of potential actors to conduct chemical terrorism. Additionally, the effectiveness of prevention and mitigation measures of the concerned governments is also examined. Southeast Asian countries have experienced the persistent threat of Islamic violent extremism for decades. The exploitation of chemical weapons (CW) reflects new developments in the methods of committing terrorist acts. Al Qaeda and the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) have demonstrated the intent and capability of chemical …

Stream Channel Morphology And Riparian Forest Response To A 500-Year Flood In The Missouri Ozarks, Joshua William Hess

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Climate change has increased the frequency of large floods in rivers draining the Ozark Highlands resulting in higher rates of channel sedimentation, bank erosion, and damage to infrastructure. This study assesses the effects of a large flood (>500-year RI) during April-May 2017 on riparian forests along six tributary streams in the North Fork of the White River watershed, Missouri. High-resolution (<8 >cm) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) imagery collected after the flood was used to identify riparian forest flood damage. Measurements of riparian forest flood damage calculated from the UAV imagery were verified through field surveys of damaged riparian trees. …

On The Move: Storying The Authentic Leadership Development Of Millennial Gay Men, Kyle Williams

Education (PhD) Dissertations

This study used Arts-based research and Narrative Inquiry to explore the rural-urban transition experiences of three high-achieving millennial gay men. Using Clandinin’s (2013) narrative commonplaces of temporality, sociality, and place as frames for understanding each participant’s individual story, the study utilized The Listening Guide (Gilligan, 2015) to illuminate participants’ experiences related to identity development, sense of community, queer migration, and authentic leadership development. In addition to the individual narratives, story threads or themes present in one, two, or all three narrative portraits were analyzed and discussed. The data also included found poetry and original poems written in the style of …

Innovative Empires, Marisa C. Cavin

Understanding by Design: Complete Collection

In this unit students will investigate how empires rose in certain places where plenty of resources supported innovation. It focuses on the study of four empires throughout time and space: Persian, Han Chinese, Roman, and Incan. Students will answer the questions: “How can location and time period lead to innovation?”, “How are people shaped by, and how do they shape their environments?”, and “Which innovation had the most impact?”. By critically analyzing these empires, developing research journals, and constructing arguments and evaluation of the significance of resources and innovations on these societies, students will be more prepared to understand the …

Hurricanes And Indigenous Families: Understanding Connections With Discrimination, Social Support, And Violence On Ptsd, Catherine E. Mckinley, Jenn Miller Scarnato, Jessica Liddell, Hannah Knipp, Shanondora Billiot

Journal of Family Strengths

This article uses the culturally grounded Framework of Historical Oppression, Resilience, and Transcendence (FHORT) to examine the experiences and impacts of hurricanes on indigenous (i.e., Native American) family members in the Gulf Coast and to identify how experiencing hurricanes and natural disasters, family and community support, adverse childhood experiences (ACE), discrimination, and intimate partner violence (IPV) may be related to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among two Southeastern tribes. Results were drawn from a convergent mixed-methodology design, which incorporates ethnographic qualitative data and a culturally grounded quantitative follow-up survey. Thematic analysis of qualitative data with 208 participants from a coastal indigenous …

Population Genetics Of Rice Rats (Oryzomys Palustris) At The Northern Edge Of The Species Range, Phillip Conrad Williams

Theses

The marsh rice rat (Oryzomys sp.) is a semiaquatic rodent native to wetlands in the southeastern United States. The northwestern-most part of the rice rat’s range extends to Illinois where rice rats are found in wetlands across the southern part of the state. Recent studies have shown that rice rats in the United States can be divided into two species: O. palustris and O. texensis, but the taxonomic status of rice rats in Southern Illinois is unclear. To resolve this, I sequenced cytochrome-b and the control region, two regions of mitochondrial DNA, for 16 rice rats and constructed a phylogeny …

Cutr Connections [August 2019], Cutr

CUTR Newsletters

No abstract provided.

Controlling Factors Of River Water Stable Isotope Compositions And Middle To Late Cenozoic Deposition And Surface Uplift History Of The Southern Rocky Mountains, U.S.A., Lu Zhu

Earth & Environmental Sciences Dissertations - Archive

The Cenozoic topographic evolution of the Rocky Mountains (Rockies) and Great Plains in the western U.S.A. reflect a combination of mantle geodynamic, crustal deformation and surface erosional processes. This region was near sea-level during the Late Cretaceous and is characterized by high topography and high relief at present. Different hypotheses involving crustal shortening and thickening, mantle dynamic process, and enhanced erosion induced by climate change have been proposed to interpret the Cenozoic surface uplift. The timing and magnitude of surface uplift hold the key to test these different hypotheses. This dissertation identifies the controlling factors of modern river water isotopic …

Predicting Third-Grade Mathematics Achievement: A Longitudinal Investigation Of The Role Of Early Numeracy Skills, Allyson J. Kiss, Gena Nelson, Theodore J. Christ

Early and Special Education Faculty Publications and Presentations

Despite the vast research on the early predictors of mathematics achievement, little research has investigated the predictors of various domains of mathematics (e.g., geometry, statistics). The purpose of the present study was to examine the predictive relationship between first-grade early numeracy and computation skills and third-grade mathematics achievement as measured by a state test. Further, we explored the relations between these measures for students who were Below Proficient and Proficient. Findings suggest that proficiency level matters when examining the relation between mathematics skills. Also, there are different patterns of significant predictors depending on the domain of later mathematics achievement and …

Vegetation Monitoring At Homestead National Monument Of America, Nebraska, 1998–2017, Sherry A. Leis

United States National Park Service: Publications

Executive Summary

The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network has sampled permanent monitoring sites in three vegetation community types (restored prairie, successional forest, and bur oak forest) at Homestead National Monument of America since 1998 (includes nine sample years). Network scientists record each species, aerial cover estimates of ground flora, diameter at breast height of midstory and overstory trees, and tree regeneration frequency (tree seedlings and saplings) within these permanent sites.

The park has experienced similar periods of drought and wetness through the monitoring record. Ground cover estimates indicate that prairie litter and bare ground are negatively related; prescribed fire cycles …

Economic Value Of Preemergence Herbicides In Soybeans, Connor Klingele

Research Papers

With the widespread epidemic of herbicide resistance in weeds, and relatively low cash market prices, the economic sustainability of weed management programs in soybeans is of critical importance. Growers in Southern Illinois and across the Midwest face a wide variety of competitive weeds, with some populations expressing resistance to multiple herbicides, which can make it difficult and costly to select an effective herbicide program. Over-reliance on broad-spectrum herbicides such as glyphosate has helped to create this shift in herbicide resistant weeds. Utilizing data collected in southern Illinois during the 2016 and 2017 growing seasons by Matt Geiger, we will test …

Agriculture, Food, And Health: Changes In Industry Structure And Consumer Behavior, Xi He

Doctoral Dissertations

Since the 1970s, almost every sector along the agrifood supply chain, such as production, processing, distribution, and retailing, has been characterized by increasing concentration, and this has raised concerns over the welfare of small farms and final consumers. For consumers, the significant external costs associated with unhealthy food consumption have also raised concerns about how to make people, especially those in low-income households, eat healthier. This dissertation explores two key issues in the U.S. agrifood sector: the changing market structure and the impact of public policies on consumers’ healthy eating behavior.

The first essay develops a model of firm behavior …

Bayesian Calibration And Sensitivity Analysis For A Karst Aquifer Model Using Active Subspaces, Mario Teixeira Parente, Daniel Bittner, Steven A. Mattis, Gabriele Chiogna, Barbara Wohlmuth

KIP Articles

In this article, we perform a parameter study for a recently developed karst hydrological model. The study consists of a high‐dimensional Bayesian inverse problem and a global sensitivity analysis. For the first time in karst hydrology, we use the active subspace method to find directions in the parameter space that dominate the Bayesian update from the prior to the posterior distribution in order to effectively reduce the dimension of the problem and for computational efficiency. Additionally, the calculated active subspace can be exploited to construct sensitivity metrics on each of the individual parameters and be used to construct a natural …

Global, Regional, And National Incidence, Prevalence, And Mortality Of Hiv, 1980-2017, And Forecasts To 2030, For 195 Countries And Territories: A Systematic Analysis For The Global Burden Of Diseases, Injuries, And Risk Factors Study 2017, Tahvi D. Frank, Christopher J L Murray, Veincent Christian F. Pepito, Gbd 2017 Hiv Collaborators, 394 Co-Authors

Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health Publications

Background

Understanding the patterns of HIV/AIDS epidemics is crucial to tracking and monitoring the progress of prevention and control efforts in countries. We provide a comprehensive assessment of the levels and trends of HIV/AIDS incidence, prevalence, mortality, and coverage of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for 1980–2017 and forecast these estimates to 2030 for 195 countries and territories.

Methods

We determined a modelling strategy for each country on the basis of the availability and quality of data. For countries and territories with data from population-based seroprevalence surveys or antenatal care clinics, we estimated prevalence and incidence using an open-source version of the …

2019-2020 Undergraduate And Graduate Catalog, The University Of Alabama In Huntsville

Course Catalogs

No abstract provided.

Nonmonotonic Postdeglacial Relative Sea Level Changes At The Aftermath Of Marinoan (635 Ma) Snowball Earth Meltdown, Yoshiya Irie, Masao Nakada, Jun'ichi Okuno, Huiming Bao

Faculty Publications

© 2019. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. Marinoan snowball Earth offers us a set of sedimentary and geochemical records for exploring glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) associated with one of the most severe glaciations in Earth history. An accurate prediction of GIA-based relative sea level (RSL) change associated with a snowball Earth meltdown will help to explore sedimentary records for RSL changes and to place independent constraints on mantle viscosity and on the durations of syndeglaciation (Td) and cap carbonate deposition. Here we mainly examine postdeglacial RSL change characterized by an RSL drop and a resumed transgression inferred from the …

Flood Protection Ecosystem Services In The Coast Of Puerto Rico: Associations Between Extreme Weather, Flood Hazard Mitigation And Gastrointestinal Illness, R. De Jesus Crespo, J. Wu, M. Myer, S. Yee, R. Fulford

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Bluebills And Bayou Bivalves: Hurricane-Driven Trophic Cascades Affect Wintering Abundance Of Lesser Scaup In Louisiana, Clay M. Stroud, Claire E. Caputo, Michael A. Poirrier, Larry A. Reynolds, Kevin M. Ringelman

Faculty Publications

The estuaries of coastal Louisiana overwinter a continentally significant proportion of Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis; colloquially, “bluebills”), a migratory bird species of conservation concern since population declines began in the 1980s. Thirty-eight years of aerial waterfowl surveys of Lake Pontchartrain—an oligohaline estuarine lagoon in southeast Louisiana—show that scaup abundance fluctuates between 0 and 1,194,907 birds, though the mechanisms driving this variation are unknown. Previous studies have shown that scaup feed primarily on mollusks, and so changes in the benthic prey community have the potential to strongly influence scaup dynamics on the Lake. Benthic communities are in turn shaped by both …