Digital Commons Network^™

Large Pelvic Tubercle In Orangutans Relates To The Adductor Longus Muscle, Brian M. Shearer, Magdalena Muchlinski, Ashley S. Hammond

Publications and Research

Orangutan pelves commonly exhibit a large, projecting tubercle in the iliopubic region, historically assumed to homologous to the pubic tubercle in humans. However, it is not clear whether this tubercle is a unique feature of Pongo, or if it is anatomically homologous with the human pubic tubercle when considered as a soft tissue attachment point. To clarify this issue, we dissected orangutan and other ape cadaveric specimens to evaluate the pelvic brim soft tissues and how they may relate to the tubercle (when present). We additionally conducted a broad osteological survey of pelvic brim morphology across 28 primate genera …

Interest Rate And Commodity Price Impacts On Farm-Level Financials, Ann Denk

Agribusiness and Applied Economics

The agriculture industry has been around for hundreds of years. Although farmers and ranchers work every day to put food on the tables of billions of people from all around the world, most agricultural producers require assistance to finance their operations and continue production. This research is motivated by recent changes in interest rates and the downturn in agricultural commodity prices. This study examines how farm-level financial statements are impacted by changes in interest rates and agricultural commodity market prices. A Monte Carlo simulation is used to model several stochastic variables and derive key financial calculations. This study shows how …

Modern Theoretical Approaches To Medieval Translation, Michelle R. Warren

Dartmouth Scholarship

This chapter explores some of the ways in which modern literary theory opens insights into medieval European translations. Rather than drawing a distinction between theoretical approaches that apply to medieval studies and those that do not, I will explore a few examples that might in turn inspire readers to their own insights. It is my hope that over time readers of this Companion to Medieval Translation will posit many more modern theoretical approaches to medieval translation than can be suggested here. We might even imagine that some of the particularities of medieval European theories of translation could themselves be codified …

Afterlives Of Indigenous Archives, Ivy Schweitzer, Gordon Henry Jr

Dartmouth Scholarship

Afterlives of Indigenous Archives offers a compelling critique of Western archives and their use in the development of “digital humanities.” The essays collected here present the work of an international and interdisciplinary group of indigenous scholars; researchers in the field of indigenous studies and early American studies; and librarians, curators, activists, and storytellers. The contributors examine various digital projects and outline their relevance to the lives and interests of tribal people and communities, along with the transformative power that access to online materials affords. The authors aim to empower native people to re-envision the Western archive as a site of …

The Pacific Sentinel, January 2019, Portland State University. Student Publications Board

The Pacific Sentinel

Editor: Jake Johnson

Articles in this issue include:

• Happy New Years From Times Square!;
• First Confirmed and Evidence of Dinosaurs in Oregon;
• Reduced Bus Fare for Low-Income Individuals;
• Village Model Design Exhibit;
• Yellow Vest Protest of PDX;
• The Sentinelese and John Allen Chau;
• The Heat Is on the Catholic Church;
• Fatal Thanksgiving Encounter with CPSO;
• After the Sixth Day;
• Still Fighting for Stonewall;
• A Student Sails the Seas;
• The Statue With a Voice;
• Red Clocks and Rising Anti-Abortion Laws;
• What Is Your Face Shape?;
• Library Archives;
• Mysteries, Murder, and Mayhem in 2018;
• Sun Ra Rises at PAM; and
• 2018 in …

How Much Do Emotional, Behavioral, And Cognitive Factors Actually Impact College Student Attitudes Towards English Language Learning? A Quantitative And Qualitative Study, Xin Zuo, Regina D. Weaver, Julia Macrae, Limin Wang

Intensive English Language Program Faculty Publications and Presentations

Researchers have proposed many multidimensional frameworks to identify significant and potential factors, e.g., educational background, positive feelings and career aspirations, that impact English learning attitude in second language acquisition. Yet, there is still very little research to graphically describe the interactions between these factors and how these factors directly or indirectly impact learning attitude. To this end, a questionnaire survey was conducted in Changchun University of Technology. Statistical measures and Bayesian network analysis were introduced to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze the collected data. Furthermore, the significant attitudinal differences between students majoring in the Liberal Arts or Sciences were investigated for …

Maternal Nutrition, One-Carbon Metabolites, And Programming Of Fetal Development During Early Gestation, Matthew Scott Pennell Crouse

Animal Sciences

Crossbred Angus heifers (n = 14) were bred via AI, assigned to nutritional treatment (CON = 100% of requirements for 0.45 kg/d gain and RES = 60% of CON) and ovariohysterectomized on d 50 of gestation. Fetal liver, muscle from the hind limb, and cerebrum were analyzed by RNA-sequencing, and a total of 548, 317, and 151 genes, respectively (P < 0.01) were differentially expressed. Functional categories affected by nutritional treatment included: 1) Liver: metabolic pathways and nucleosome core, 2) Muscle: skeletal muscle and embryogenesis, and 3) Cerebrum: hippocampus and neurogenesis. Bovine embryonic fibroblast cells were cultured in Eagle’s Minimum Essential Medium with 1 g/L glucose (LOW) or 4.5 g/L glucose (HIGH). Control medium contained basal concentrations of one-carbon metabolites (Choline, folate, vitamin B12, and methionine). One-carbon metabolites (OCM: methionine, choline, folate, vitamin B12) were supplemented to the media at 2.5, 5, and 10 times (2.5X, 5X, and 10X, respectively) the control media, except for methionine, which was limited to 2X. One-carbon metabolites increased (P < 0.01) basal respiration and Reserve Capacity in HIGH 2.5X and 10X compared with all other treatments. ATP-linked respiration was greater (P < 0.01) in HIGH OCM supplemented cells compared to Control and was greater in LOW 2.5X compared with LOW Control, 5X, and 10X cells. Total growth rate was greater (P < 0.01) for HIGH 2.5X and 10X compared with LOW Control, 2.5X, and 10X. At 24, 36, 48, and 72 h, cell proliferation in HIGH 10X was always greater (P ≤ 0.03) than Low 10X. Therefore, these data are interpreted to imply that a moderate maternal nutrient restriction during the first 50 d of gestation in beef heifers alters the transcript abundance of genes impacting tissue accretion, function, and metabolism suggesting potential alterations to fetal physiology which should be further investigated. Lastly, supplementation of OCM may improve fetal growth and program increased metabolic efficiency in the offspring, and thus should be a focus of future research into the effects of maternal nutrition on postnatal physiology.

Perceptions Of Modern Meat-Animal Production From Consumers Two To Three Generations Removed From The Farm, Demetris Deon Reed

Animal Sciences

A consumer is defined as a person who purchases goods and services for personal use or a person or thing that eats or uses something (Merriam-Webster, 2019). Consumers either want or need to eat meat, whether it is for self-gratification or nutritive purposes. The modern consumer definition of “meat” has changed from the original hunter stalking prey to now contemporary livestock production practices that confine and feed sophisticated diets in an effort to achieve outstanding muscle-food quality. Those who produce and supply consumers with food and fiber must achieve a higher level of education in keeping with technological advances. Further, …

The Effects Of Red Meat Or Sugar Supplementation During Gestation And Lactation On Maternal Reproduction, Maternal And Offspring Blood Parameters, And Offspring Body Composition, Alexis Michelle Siomka

Animal Sciences

Using swine as a model for humans, this study was conducted to examine whether maternal consumption of added protein (red meat) or free sugar (glucose) throughout gestation and lactation was associated with maternal reproduction, maternal and offspring blood parameters, and offspring mature body composition. Maternal breed of sows of at least one year of age at breeding were utilized. At D-40 of gestation, sows were randomly assigned to one of four dietary supplementation treatments 1) Control (CON): corn-soy gestation diet; 2) Beef (GB): 4 oz cooked beef patty; 3) Sugar (SUG): sugar on a caloric equivalent to the beef patty; …

A Systematic Review Of What Barriers And Facilitators Prevent And Enable Physical Healthcare Services Access For Autistic Adults, David Mason, Barry Ingham, Anna Urbanowicz, Cos Michael, Heather Birtles, Marc Woodbury‑Smith, Toni Brown, Ian James, Clare Scarlett, Christina Nicolaidis, Jeremy R. Parr

School of Social Work Faculty Publications and Presentations

Autistic people are more likely to: be diagnosed with a range of physical health conditions (i.e. cardio-vascular disease); experience premature mortality (for most disease categories); and experience barriers to effectively accessing healthcare. This systematic review sought to identify studies that report on barriers and facilitators to physical healthcare access for autistic people. A total of 3111 records were screened and six studies were included: two quantitative, two qualitative, and two mixed-methodology studies. Patient-provider communication, sensory sensitivities, and executive functioning/planning issues emerged as important barriers to healthcare. Recommendations for clinicians and those planning services are discussed.

Teaching Race, Racism, And Racial Justice: Pedagogical Principles And Classroom Strategies For Course Instructors, M. Brielle Harbin, Amie Thurber, Joe Bandy

School of Social Work Faculty Publications and Presentations

Teaching on topics of race and racism presents unique challenges to leaders in the university classroom setting. Despite an increasing number of instructors bringing a critical analysis of racial in/justice to their curriculum, many report challenges in teaching this content effectively. In this article, we address these challenges. We define common challenges in teaching racial content and articulate four principles for course planning around topics of race, racism, and racial justice. Then, drawing on a systematic review of scholarship examining issues of difference within a diverse range of disciplinary settings, we introduce a set of five pedagogical strategies, and supporting …

Participatory Action Research And Co-Researching As A Tool For Situating Youth Knowledge At The Centre Of Research, Staci B. Martin, Jessica H. Burbach, Lulis Lares Benitez, Irisa Ramiz

School of Social Work Faculty Publications and Presentations

Too often youth from vulnerable communities see themselves talked about in academic research, but are rarely involved as co-researchers or co-authors of research. The purpose of this article is to share our reflections on engaging youth, their experiences and their perspectives on the multi-levels of impact of participatory action research methodologies, such as community-based action research or youth participatory action research. This article discusses more broadly how our participatory methodologies have impacted our co-researchers and ourselves. In it, we provide additional details about our past research projects, as well as theorizing those details in terms of how critical theory serves …

Editorial: Disconnection And Mattering, Grant Charles, Ben Anderson-Nathe

School of Social Work Faculty Publications and Presentations

Editorial. The article offers information on how the disconnection may affect the lives of children and youth and role of mattering to other people in overcoming the loneliness. Topics discussed include information on the empowering child and youth care; discussions on the intentional relationships and connection between children and youth; and the how engagements with young people reduces the loneliness.

Emerging Strategies For Engaging Young People In Systems Of Care, Research And Training Center For Pathways To Positive Futures, Portland State University

School of Social Work Faculty Publications and Presentations

Systems of care are increasingly serving older youth and young adults up to age 24, and in our research and training work with providers, we hear about the challenges of engaging young people in typical services. Many providers are responding to the unique developmental needs of this population by adapting the design and delivery of their services to better engage and retain young people in system of care supports. Overall, strategies include expansion of drop-in center programming, adaptations to practice models like Wraparound, and new outreach efforts using social media and other technologies. Our purpose here is to share some …

Ready Streets, Parkrose And Argay: Community Report, Kerry Aszklar, Jaye Cromwell, Bryan Nguyen, Joey Posada, Sabina Roan, Sophie Turnbull-Apell

Master of Urban and Regional Planning Workshop Projects

How will people get around after a major earthquake? The Ready Streets project examines ways to create a strong, connected, and disaster-resilient mobility network in the Parkrose-Argay neighborhood of Portland, as well as replicable criteria for future neighborhoods. This is accomplished by examining the existing conditions of the area, working with community members to determine key destinations and priorities, and formulating recommendations to the Portland Bureau of Transportation.

The 1 page brochure for the public is available in the Additional Files below.

The Eloquent Letter, Daneen Bergland

University Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations

Inspired by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr’s “Letter from a Birmingham Jail,” The Eloquent Letter is an authentic, adaptable assignment for acquiring critical skills: identifying and researching social problems, examining value systems and diverse perspectives, communicating effectively, and proposing solutions based on common ground. Moving beyond traditional argumentation essays and debates, this project situates activism and writing “in its native habitat.”

Students identify and research a social problem or issue and write and send a persuasive letter, asking for specific action toward addressing the issue. This assignment is meant to assess DQP proficiencies in Broad and Integrative Knowledge, Intellectual skills, …

Subito 2019, Portland State University. School Of Music & Theater

Subito: Student Voices from Portland State University School of Music & Theater

Issue 2, Spring 2019

A symphony concert unites Americana with Italian Romanticism. Californian Gabriela Lena Frank composes a string quartet in dialogue with her Peruvian heritage. Jennifer Higdon tells a fresh viola joke. I Spat in the Eye of Hate and Lived, based on the poetry of PSU student Micah Fletcher.

Improved Drought Resilience Through Continuous Water Service Monitoring And Specialized Institutions—A Longitudinal Analysis Of Water Service Delivery Across Motorized Boreholes In Northern Kenya, Nick Turman-Bryant, Corey L. Nagel, Lauren Stover, Christian Muragijimana, Evan A. Thomas

Complex Systems Faculty Publications and Presentations

Increasing frequency and severity of drought is driving increased use of groundwater resources in arid regions of Northern Kenya, where approximately 2.5 million people depend on groundwater for personal use, livestock, and limited irrigation. As part of a broader effort to provide more sustainable water, sanitation, and hygiene services in the region, we have collected data related to site functionality and use for approximately 120 motorized boreholes across five counties. Using a multilevel model to account for geospatial and temporal clustering, we found that borehole sites, which counties had identified as strategic assets during drought, ran on average about 1.31 …

A Systems Thinking Approach For Eliciting Mental Models From Visual Boundary Objects In Hydropolitical Contexts: A Case Study From The Pilcomayo River Basin, Riveraine S. Walters, Erin S. Kenzie, Alexander E. Metzger, William Jesse Baltutis, Kakali B. Chakrabarti, Shana Lee Hirsch, Bethany Laursen

Complex Systems Faculty Publications and Presentations

Transboundary collaborations related to international freshwater are critical for ensuring equitable, efficient, and sustainable shared access to our planet’s most fundamental resources. Visual artifacts, such as knowledge maps, functioning as boundary objects, are used in hydropolitical contexts to convey understandings and facilitate discussion across scales about challenges and opportunities from multiple perspectives. Such focal points for discussion are valuable in creating shared, socially negotiated priorities and integrating diverse and often disparate cultural perspectives that naturally exist in the context of international transboundary water resources. Visual boundary objects can also represent the collective mental models of the actor countries and transboundary …

The Mentor's Guide To Youth Purpose: The Art Of Helping A Young Person Find Meaning, A Sense Of Self, And Ways Of Giving Back To Their World, Meghan Perry

School of Social Work Faculty Publications and Presentations

We can all benefit from purpose— an intention that supports our engagement in activities, causes, or contributions that invigorate us, get us planning ahead, and thinking beyond ourselves. Some people experience a plethora of purpose—a mindset that reinforces their engagement in a range of meaningful experiences while contributing to others— while many others have never, or only occasionally, identified or experienced opportunities to explore purpose. Wherever you happen to be on this spectrum, you found your way to this resource because you care about young people. And as a caring adult, you can tend to both individual and communal wellness …

Pdxscholar Annual Report 2018, Karen Bjork, Sherry Buchanan, David Coate, Bertrand Robinson, Stacey Schlatter

Library Faculty and Staff Publications and Presentations

This report details the eighth year of operation for PDXScholar, Portland State University's institutional repository, as well as the growth of Portland State University Library's publishing services. The report covers the period between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2018.

The More Things Change: The Collaborative Art Library, Elsa Loftis

Library Faculty and Staff Publications and Presentations

The academic library’s art collection has a history of fluidity and flux. Teaching and learning materials that support visual art education can range from traditional formats like image collections and monographs to the curious, the rare, and sometimes the downright unusual. Art library professionals must plan for the future of the academic library collection with intention and sensitivity to the learning styles of their students while adhering to the environmental realities of their governing institutions. One constant is clear, which is that art students are not content to be mere consumers of information and images; they are creators. It is …

University Studies Annual Assessment 2018-2019, Portland State University. University Studies Program, Rowanna L. Carpenter, J. R. Estes, Seanna M. Kerrigan, Annie Knepler, Dana Lundell, Michael Lupro, Zapoura Newton-Calvert, Vicki Reitenauer

University Studies Annual Assessment Reports

Annual in-depth examination and assessment of Portland State University's general education model, the University Studies Program. The tools and methods used to assess student learning are faculty driven and developed.

Investigating Metrical Context Effects On Anticipatory Coarticulation In Connected Speech Development, Jillian Adkins, Christina Gildersleeve-Neumann, Melissa A. Redford

Speech and Hearing Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

If rhythm acquisition is influenced by the development of articulatory timing, then metrical structure might be expected to condition this timing. This study tested this hypothesis by investigating anticipatory effects of an upcoming noun on the production of a preceding determiner, under the assumption that anticipatory coarticulation indexes chunking. Simple S-V-O sentences were elicited from 5-year-olds, 8-year-olds, and adults. The V was either monosyllabic packed or disyllabic patted. The O was a determiner phrase where nouns varied either in onset place-of-articulation (POA; tack vs. cat) or in their rhymes (tack vs. toot). Acoustic analyses of determiner schwa F1 and F2 …

Focal Point, Special Compilation Issue 2007–2019, Portland State University. Regional Research Institute

Research and Training Center - Focal Point

For this special compilation, we have included a variety of contributions by youth and young adults that originally appeared in Focal Point issues from 2007 to 2019. These first-hand narratives of recovery personalize what might otherwise be seen only in clinical terms, or represented by a mere statistic. By sharing their stories, these young people also offer hope to other young people experiencing similar problems, and their families. This collection portrays the wide range of individual experiences of youth and young adults and highlights common themes.

Exploring The Extent Of The Hikikomori Phenomenon On Twitter: Mixed Methods Study Of Western Language Tweets, Pereira-Sanchez, Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon, Angel Asunsolo Del Barco, Melchor Alvarez-Mon, Alan R. Teo

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Hikikomori is a severe form of social withdrawal, originally described in Japan but recently reported in other countries. Debate exists as to what extent hikikomori is viewed as a problem outside of the Japanese context. Objective: We aimed to explore perceptions about hikikomori outside Japan by analyzing Western language content from the popular social media platform, Twitter. Methods: We conducted a mixed methods analysis of all publicly available tweets using the hashtag #hikikomori between February 1 and August 16, 2018, in 5 Western languages (Catalan, English, French, Italian, and Spanish). Tweets were first classified as to whether they described …

Protocol For A Longitudinal Study To Evaluate The Use Of Tenofovir-Based Prep For Safer Conception And Pregnancy Among Women In South Africa, Lynn T. Matthews, Manjeetha Jaggernath, Yolandie Kriel, Patricia Smith, Kasey O’Neil, David Bangsberg, Multiple Additional Authors

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Introduction Women who choose to conceive a baby with a partner living with HIV or a partner whose HIV serostatus is unknown in HIV-endemic settings need prevention strategies to mitigate HIV acquisition during conception and pregnancy.

Methods and analysis We are conducting a single-arm longitudinal study offering oral tenofovirdisoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for periconception use to 350 HIV-uninfected women in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. PrEP is offered as part of woman-centred safer conception programme that promotes couples-based HIV counselling and testing, antiretroviral therapy for partners who are HIV-infected, treatment for sexually transmitted infections and safer conception strategies, such …

Words Matter: Putting An End To “Unsafe” And “Risky” Sex, Julia L. Marcus, Jonathan Snowden

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Change is constant in sexual health, as in health care more broadly. Novel pathogens are identified, epidemics emerge and reemerge, and new preventive and therapeutic agents are introduced and taken up by populations. On the other hand, some care strategies and practices fall by the wayside among clinicians and populations. Just as health and health care evolve, so too should the language that we use to describe them.

In this commentary, we express our concerns about the use of ambiguous and stigmatizing language when describing sexual behavior. A search on PubMed in September 2019 yielded over four thousand articles with …

Alternative Payment Models And Hospital Engagement In Health Information Exchange, Sunny C. Lin, John M. Hollingsworth, Julia Adler-Milstein

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Objectives:

To assess whether hospital participation in alternative payment models (APMs) is associated with greater engagement in health information exchange (HIE) along 4 dimensions: volume of patients for whom information is exchanged, diversity of information types, breadth of partner types, and depth of technical approach.

Study Design:

Pooled, cross-sectional analysis of data on US hospitals from 2014–2015.

Methods:

APM participation came from Leavitt Partners data, Medicare public use files, and the American Hospital Association (AHA) Annual Survey. We used Medicare data to measure HIE volume for 798 hospitals attesting to stage 2 Meaningful Use and the AHA Information Technology Supplement …

The Fair Deal Universal Health Care Proposals: Historians’ Perspectives From From 1970 To 2003, George Horvath

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.