Digital Commons Network^™

Using Anthropocentrism To The Benefit Of Other Species, Vanessa Wilson

Animal Sentience

Chapman & Huffman (2018) argue that we should not consider humans as unique or superior to other animals when we have the chance to explore the diversity of the traits of other species. This is a valid and progressive point in our approach to research, but I suggest that an anthropocentric approach can have animal welfare benefits when it helps us perceive other species – especially distantly related ones such as crustaceans – in a human light.

Why Humans Are Different, Tara Fox Hall

Animal Sentience

A central human problem is our inference from the fact that we are the world’s most intelligent species to the alleged fact that we are superior. This inference is not mandatory. Successfully combating this inference may require the threat of a large-scale catastrophe to our species.

Individuals In The Wild, Bob Fischer

Animal Sentience

If many wild animals have net negative lives, then we have to consider how likely it is that the good for animals, considered as individuals, aligns with the good for species, or the climate, or the preservation of wild spaces.

How To Foster Respect For Animals? Superiority, Dissimilarity, And Prejudice, Matteo Colombo

Animal Sentience

Chapman & Huffman (C & H) might be taken to argue as follows: Humans may treat animals however they want only if humans are superior to animals. But humans are not superior to animals. Therefore, humans may not treat animals however they want. Whatever its merit, this is not C & H’s actual argument. Their point, instead, is that humans often mistreat animals because they tend to perceive them as inferior. A remedy for animal mistreatment would then be acknowledging the deep similarities between us and animals. But is C & H’s suggested remedy likely to be effective to foster …

Insulting Words: "They Are Animals!", Carolyn A. Ristau

Animal Sentience

As Chapman & Huffman state, creating divisive human categories has rationalized atrocities committed against the “other.” Labeling neighboring warring villagers as “animals” is considered a despicable insult. Yet contemporary scientific views of many animals grant them thinking and conscious faculties, and the capacity for impressive achievements, many unattainable by humans. Robots, too, can accomplish many similar feats. But the essential reason we must protect animals is not because of their admirable abilities, but their capacity for consciousness, for suffering. Robots are not conscious. Participants in the human-animal debate should not complain about changing criteria for determining human uniqueness. New and …

Human-Like Behavior And Cognition: Not A Good Starting Point, Magnus Helgheim Blystad

Animal Sentience

Chapman & Huffman make use of observations and studies that show how humans may not be as unique in our behaviour and cognition as previously thought. I wholeheartedly agree that our uniqueness might be small and that if it exists, it should not give our species any right to act cruelly towards other animals. However, this kind of logic can be problematic. I present a few of the issues in this commentary.

We Don’T Want To Know What We Know, Judith Benz-Schwarzburg

Animal Sentience

Why are humans so ignorant with regard to the fundamental gap between ethical claims and the status quo of the human-animal relationship? To answer this, we should include more psychological and sociological perspectives in our discussions.

Two Fallacies In Comparisons Between Humans And Non-Humans, Don Ross

Animal Sentience

The hypothesis that humans are superior to non-humans by virtue of higher cognitive powers is often supported by two recurrent fallacies: (1) that any competence shown by humans but not by our closest living relatives (apes) must be unique to humans; and (2) that grades of intelligence can be inferred from behavior without regard to motivational structures.

Is Superiority A Necessary Aspect Of Cruelty?, William H. Edmondson

Animal Sentience

Chapman & Huffman argue that humans inflict cruelty without apparent concern because of their categorization of the victims as inferior. The supposed inferiority of non-human animals can be argued against on the basis of documentation and analysis of behaviour. Humans continue to inflict cruelty on their own and other species. It is not obvious that a sense of superiority is a necessary aspect of cruel behaviour. Nor is it obvious that further enlightenment regarding the cognitive status of non-humans will diminish cruelty.

What Sets Us Apart Could Be Our Salvation, Anne Fawcett, Paul Mcgreevy

Animal Sentience

We agree with Chapman & Huffman that human capacities are often assumed to be unique — or attempts are made to demonstrate uniqueness scientifically — in order to justify the exploitation of animals and ecosystems. To extend the argument that human exceptionalism is against our interests, we recommend adopting the One Welfare framework, according to which animal welfare, environmental sustainability and human wellbeing are inseparably linked. Let us distinguish ourselves from other animals by resisting our short- and mid-term Darwinian inclinations, consuming less, reproducing less, and striving for a much longer-term biological fitness for us all.

On Lewis Against Magic: A Study Of Method In Metaphysics, Anthony Fisher

Philosophy Faculty Scholarship

David Lewis objected to theories that posit necessary connections between distinct entities and to theories that involve a magical grasping of their primitives. In On the Plurality of Worlds, Lewis objected to nondescript ersatzism on these grounds (and thus branded it as 'magical'). The literature contains several reconstructions of Lewis' critique of nondescript ersatzism but none of these interpretations adequately address his main argument because they fail to see that Lewis' critique is based on broader methodological considerations. I argue that a closer look at his methodology reveals the broader objection he presented against nondescript ersatzism. This objection, I further …

'Long Live Chairman Mao!' The Cultural Revolution And The Mao Personality Cult, Angelica Maldonado

History - Master of Arts in Teaching

I. Synthesis Essay……………………………....3

II. Primary documents and headnotes………..28

III. Textbook critique……………………………33

IV. New textbook entry………………………....37

V. Bibliography…………………………………..40

ความเหลื่อมล้ำทางการศึกษาของผู้เรียนที่มีความต้องการพิเศษ ในโรงเรียนสังกัดสำนักงานคณะกรรมการการศึกษาขั้นพื้นฐาน, ณปภัช บรรณาการ

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

การวิจัยครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อ 1) เปรียบเทียบภูมิหลังทางเศรษฐกิจและสังคม ระหว่างผู้เรียนที่มีความต้องการพิเศษกับนักเรียนทั่วไปในโรงเรียนสังกัดคณะกรรมการการศึกษาขั้นพื้นฐาน 2) ศึกษาปัจจัยนำเข้าสำหรับการจัดการเรียนรู้ให้ผู้เรียนที่มีความต้องการพิเศษและระบบช่วยเหลือผู้เรียนที่มีความต้องการพิเศษในโรงเรียนสังกัดคณะกรรมการการศึกษาขั้นพื้นฐาน และ 3) วิเคราะห์ความเหลื่อมล้ำทางการศึกษาของผู้เรียนที่มีความต้องการพิเศษในโรงเรียนอันเนื่องมาจากภูมิหลังทางเศรษฐกิจและสังคม ปัจจัยนำเข้าสำหรับการจัดการเรียนรู้แก่ผู้เรียนที่มีความต้องการพิเศษ และระบบช่วยเหลือผู้เรียนที่มีความต้องการพิเศษในโรงเรียนสังกัดสำนักงานคณะกรรมการการศึกษาขั้นพื้นฐาน การวิจัยนี้เก็บรวบรวมข้อมูลจาก 2 แหล่งประกอบด้วย 1) ข้อมูลปฐมภูมิจากโรงเรียนสังกัดสำนักงานเขตพื้นที่การศึกษามัธยมศึกษาเขต 1 และ 2 ทั้งหมด 43 โรงเรียน 2) แหล่งข้อมูลทุติยภูมิโดยใช้ฐานข้อมูลของผู้สอบ O-NET รายบุคคล ระดับชั้นมัธยมศึกษาปีที่ 3 ที่ศึกษาในโรงเรียนสังกัดคณะกรรมการการศึกษาขั้นพื้นฐาน (สพฐ.) ปีการศึกษา 2560 ของสถาบันทดสอบทางการศึกษาแห่งชาติ (สทศ.) ตัวอย่างที่ใช้ในการวิจัยในครั้งนี้คือ โรงเรียนสังกัดสำนักงานเขตพื้นที่การศึกษามัธยมศึกษาเขต 1 และ 2 จำนวน 39 โรงเรียน และนักเรียนจำนวน 11,534 คน การวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลใช้สถิติบรรยาย การวิเคราะห์กลุ่มแฝง (latent class analysis) และการวิเคราะห์ความเหลื่อมล้ำ (Inequality Index) ด้วยโปรแกรม R ผลการวิจัยสรุปได้ดังนี้ 1) ภูมิหลังทางเศรษฐกิจและสังคมระหว่างผู้เรียนที่มีความต้องการพิเศษกับนักเรียนทั่วไปไม่แตกต่างกันที่ระดับนัยสำคัญ .05 (ꭓ2df = 2 = 2.408, p = 0.300) 2) ผลการศึกษาปัจจัยนำเข้าของการจัดการเรียนรู้ให้ผู้เรียนที่มีความต้องการพิเศษ ด้านความเพียงพอและคุณภาพครู พบว่าอัตราส่วนระหว่างจำนวนผู้เรียนที่มีความต้องการพิเศษต่อจำนวนครูที่รับผิดชอบงานการศึกษาพิเศษในโรงเรียน มีค่าเท่ากับ 3.77 (SD = 5.27) ค่าเฉลี่ยร้อยละของครูการศึกษาพิเศษเมื่อเปรียบเทียบกับครูที่รับผิดชอบงานการศึกษาพิเศษในโรงเรียนมีค่าเท่ากับ 16.89 (SD = 30.97) จะเห็นว่าโรงเรียนส่วนใหญ่มีครูที่รับผิดชอบงานการศึกษาพิเศษที่เพียงพอต่อความต้องการ แต่อย่างไรก็ตามครูที่รับผิดชอบงานการศึกษาพิเศษของโรงเรียนดังกล่าวนั้นมีส่วนน้อยที่มีวุฒิการศึกษาพิเศษโดยตรงซึ่งสะท้อนความขาดแคลนคุณภาพของปัจจัยนำเข้าด้านบุคลากรครูที่รับผิดชอบงานการศึกษาพิเศษของโรงเรียน นอกจากนี้ยังพบว่าสิ่งอำนวยความสะดวกและวัสดุในการผลิตสื่อของผู้เรียนที่มีความต้องการพิเศษไม่เพียงพอ สื่อการจัดกิจกรรมการเรียนรู้ของครูและอุปกรณ์นันทนาการเพียงพอระดับน้อย ด้านระบบช่วยเหลือผู้เรียนที่มีความต้องการพิเศษมีผลการประเมินดังนี้ ด้านการวางแผนการจัดการศึกษา (plan), การปฏิบัติแผนการศึกษาเฉพาะบุคคล (do) และ ด้านการวิเคราะห์และการตรวจสอบผลการจัดการเรียนรู้ (check) ปฏิบัติเป็นส่วนใหญ่ ส่วนด้านการปรับปรุงแผนและการปฏิบัติงาน (act) ปฏิบัติเป็นบางครั้ง 3) ผลการวิเคราะห์ความเหลื่อมล้ำทางการศึกษาของผู้เรียนที่มีความต้องการพิเศษ พบว่า …

Enhancing Security Behaviour By Supporting The User, Sm Furnell, W Khern-Am-Nuai, R Esmael, W Yang, N Li

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

Although the role of users in maintaining security is regularly emphasized, this is often not matched by an accompanying level of support. Indeed, users are frequently given insufficient guidance to enable effective security choices and decisions, which can lead to perceived bad behaviour as a consequence. This paper discusses the forms of support that are possible, and seeks to investigate the effect of doing so in practice. Specifically, it presents findings from two experimental studies that investigate how variations in password meter usage and feedback can positively affect the resulting password choices. The first experiment examines the difference between passwords …

“Read And Be Convinced”: The Image Of The Nonpartisan League In Its Creative Production, The Early Histories, And Wider Popular Culture, John Hest

History, Philosophy, and Religious Studies

In this thesis, I examine the image of the Nonpartisan League in several different contexts, arguing that the League carefully crafted their advocative political image and their opponents painted them as disloyal socialists. The Nonpartisan League was an agrarian radical political movement beginning in North Dakota in 1915, and both its proponents and opponents created powerful images of it. I first examine the creative output of two Leaguers, the poet Florence Borner and the cartoonist John Miller Baer. I then transition to four competing histories of the Nonpartisan League, published from 1920-21, by Herbert Gaston, Charles Edward Russell, William Langer, …

Service Learning Assignments: The Interesect Between Assignment Framing, Student Motivation, And Perceived Relevance, Tori Benders

Communication

Although learning has traditionally happened within the four walls of a classroom, as service learning courses become more prevalent, instructors are challenging their students to take learning outside of the classroom and into the community. Service learning has the potential to transform students and their learning, it is not widely known how to ensure students are motivated to complete these assignments and see them as relevant to their futures. This study used social determination theory and a 2X2 experimental design to survey 271 students about their motivation to complete a service learning project presented to them in an assignment sheet …

Leaving A Lasting Impression: The Role Of Foundational Family, Privacy, And Gender Messages On Coming Out Disclosures, Justin Stewart Motto

Communication

This dissertation investigates the influence of family messages about gender, free expression, conformity, and privacy on coming out disclosures, a difficult experience in today’s society. Using communication privacy management theory, this study explored how heteronormative beliefs, family privacy boundaries, and family communication patterns relate to disclosure concerns. A total of 218 self-identified lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) participants were recruited using convenience and snowball sampling techniques. Participants completed an online survey to measure family privacy orientations, family communication patterns, heteronormative attitudes and beliefs, and disclosure concerns. Six linear regression analyses were performed. The findings suggest that both family privacy …

Creating And Facilitating Change For Person-Centred Coordinated Care (P3c): The Development Of The Organisational Change Tool (P3c-Oct), Jane Horrell, Helen Lloyd, Thavapriya Sugavanam, James Close, Richard Byng

More Faculty of Health Research

BACKGROUND: Person Centred Coordinated Care (P3C) is a UK priority for patients, carers, professionals, commissioners and policy makers. Services are developing a range of approaches to deliver this care with a lack of tools to guide implementation. METHODOLOGY: A scoping review and critical examination of current policy, key literature and NHS guidelines, together with stakeholder involvement led to the identification of domains, subdomains and component activities (processes and behaviours) required to deliver P3C. These were validated through codesign with stakeholders via a series of workshops and cognitive interviews. RESULTS: Six core domains of P3C were identified as follows: (i) my …

A Circle-Geocaching Game Based On Classified Specimens, Prabhakara Reddy Agasaladinni Reddy

Computer Science

This paper describes a CIRCLE-Geocaching extensible system played for the purpose of rehearsal learning. The system operates over a classification tree built by an instructor or a group of students engaged in classification, identification and learning of real world objects. Geocaching involves gathering specimens, naming specimens, recording GPS coordinates, and performing experiments on each specimen. It is assumed that student motivation is increased, as it is an outdoor activity to locate specimens using coordinates, allowing students to learn about features during game play. Implementation of this game draws on the Model, View and Template architecture (MVT). Client software is a …

Using Human Error Models To Improve The Quality Of Software Requirements, Vaibhav Kumar Anu

Computer Science

Creating high quality software is a primary concern for software development organizations. Researchers have devoted considerable effort in developing quality improvement methods that help software engineers detect faults early in the development lifecycle (when the faults are cheapest to detect and repair). While useful, the available approaches still cannot make sure that Software developers are able to identify all or even a significantly large portion of faults. This is because they do not help software developers identify errors (i.e., underlying cause of faults) that may have led to the insertion of the faults (i.e., manifestation of error). This lack of …

The Participating Mind In The Quantum Universe, Menas Kafatos, Keun-Hang Susan Yang

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

The Orthodox interpretation of quantum mechanics, which followed the Copenhagen Interpretation but was enhanced by primarily Werner Heisenberg and John von Neumann into a fully developed theory, brought in, among others, the role of measurement, available choices and response of the quantum system. It is, more consistent and clear than other interpretations of quantum mechanics as it provides account of the interactions of observers with the external world. As such, the Orthodox interpretation does a lot more than just account for physical interactions in the atomic world, which was the original goal of quantum mechanics in the early part of …

Interplanetary Habitation: Designing For Life On Mars, Landon Schoeneck

Architecture Theses

How can architecture adapt the complex engineering systems of a Mars colony to sustainable human life? Migration and travel has evolved from the dawn of humanity to the automotive and flight industries of current times. Now interplanetary travel is on the forefront of technological innovation. Innovation is created by those who dream farther forward than current society can understand, and it is necessary to push the boundaries of technology to make the impossible practical. thinking ahead to design for future interplanetary migration is a needed step to compel the world forward, as well as architecture and it’s boundaries therein. The …

Relocated Roots: A Community Focused Urban Agriculture Facility, Alexandra Mills

Architecture Theses

The design of 407 New Street seeks to introduce the agricultural sector into the urban environment. By integrating agriculture into the city context, the project aims to introduce a new typological identity to the neighborhood and revitalize the community. This thesis project, titled “Relocated Roots,” addresses a limitation in current thinking about agriculture within the urban environment. It aims to expand the public knowledge by providing an educated architectural experience that both informs the user of modern growing techniques and positively promotes the message of sustainable city farming.

Absim Exhibition Design: Agent-Based Simulation In The Curating Process, Brady Laurin

Architecture Theses

The design of museum and gallery spaces are typically done by different designers with a mutual understanding of the scope of work for each. In the best possible scenario, these processes will take place congruently, with cooperation from both designers to realize the complete museum. In many cases, these processes take place in isolation from one another, with little to no collaboration between the building designer and the curator. Agent-Based Simulation, or ABSim, is a process often used to analyze the flow of pedestrians in a designed space. Most commonly used to optimize evacuation patterns and transit terminal layout, the …

Architectural Mood And Mental Space: A Cathartic Journey Off The North Shore Of Lake Superior, Ty Englund

Architecture Theses

Most people think of architecture as a profession that is concerned with aesthetic beauty—designs that please the observer through visual perception of the harmony, symmetry, and good proportions crafted by the designer. But, architecture is more than just aesthetics. Well-designed buildings need to respond to the functional needs of the occupants, and ensure structural soundness for safety reasons. However, I believe Architecture is even more than that. True architecture can create feelings and emotions from within, and cause the users to self reflect on their own lives. Furthermore, I suggest that we, as architects, can provide a healing environment for …

Understanding The Micro-Situational Dynamics Of White Supremacist Violence In The United States, Steven Windisch, Peter Simi, Kathleen Blee, Matthew Demichele

Sociology Faculty Articles and Research

While substantial effort has been devoted to investigating the radicalization process and developing theories to explain why this occurs, surprisingly few studies offer explanations of the micro-situational factors that characterize how extremists accomplish violence. Relying on in-depth life history interviews with 89 former white supremacists, we analyzed the situational, emotional, and moral considerations surrounding white supremacist violence. Overall, we identified a variety of strategies white supremacists utilize for overcoming emotional and cognitive obstacles required to perform violent action. Furthermore, we also identified the callous effect of habitual violence. We conclude this article with suggestions for future research and recommendations for …

Violent Video Games, Externalizing Behavior, And Prosocial Behavior: A Five-Year Longitudinal Study During Adolescence, Sarah M. Coyne, Wayne A. Warburton, Lee W. Essig, Laura A. Stockdale

Faculty Publications

Decades of research on the effects of media violence have examined associations between viewing aggressive material in the media and aggression and prosocial behavior. However, the existing longitudinal studies have tended to exclusively examine aggression and prosocial behavior as outcomes, with a limited range of potential mediators. The current study examines associations between playing violent video games and externalizing and prosocial behavior over a 5-year period across adolescence. Additionally, the study examines potential mediators of these associations, including empathic concern, benevolence, and self-regulation. Participants included 488 adolescents (MAge of child at Wave 1 􏰀13.83, SD 􏰀 0.98) and their parents, …

Teaching Children About Money: Prospective Parenting Ideas From Undergraduate Students, Ashley B. Lebaron, Christina M. Rosa-Holyoak, L. Ashley Bryce, E. Jeffrey Hill, Loren D. Marks

Faculty Publications

Many Millennials (aged 18-30 in 2016) are struggling with financial capability and independence. As efforts unfold to address this issue by improving financial education, Millennials themselves can offer helpful family-centered ideas for children 's financial learning. As part of the Whats and Hows of Family Financial $ocialization project, this qualitative study explored the ideas of 126 undergraduate students enrolled in family finance classes at three institutions from three regions of the United States about how and what they intend to teach their future children about finances. Thematic content analysis and coding of interviews revealed four core themes: (a) "Communicating Family …

Proactive Social Validation Of Methods And Procedures Used For Training Speech Production In Aphasia, Tyson G. Harmon, Lucy Hardy, Katarina L. Haley

Faculty Publications

Background: Social validation evaluates the importance and acceptability of treatment goals, procedures, and outcomes. Previous studies for treatments that train speech production in aphasia have applied social validation during the post-treatment period or to treatment protocols that are already fully developed.

Aims: The purposes of this study were to (1) examine the social validity of goals and procedures experienced in speech production treatment for people with aphasia and (2) evaluate the feasibility of procedural choice-making during such tasks.

Method: Seven people with aphasia and eight speech-language pathologists were interviewed about previous treatment that targeted speech production. Participants were also observed …

Reconsidering Design And Evaluation, Andrew S. Gibbons Iii, David D. Williams

Faculty Publications

In this paper we have put design and evaluation as it were under a microscope with multiple lenses. We use four different snapshots of design, each at a different level of resolution, to reveal new perspectives on the design-evaluation relationship. We believe that the disparate views of designers and evaluators can be resolved by resorting to the middle ground described by Klir. We believe also that the disparate views of educational technologists and learning scientists can be similarly resolved by appealing to the similar principle of Edelson.