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Articles 63391 - 63420 of 63802
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Behavioral And Spatial Responses Of Captive Coyotes To Human Activity, Jeffrey T. Schultz, Julie K. Young
Behavioral And Spatial Responses Of Captive Coyotes To Human Activity, Jeffrey T. Schultz, Julie K. Young
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
Human interactions can alter an animal’s behavior and utilization of its surroundings, and how this impacts the welfare of some captive wild animals is of growing concern. Structural enrichment shelters offer weather protection, reprieve space from other animals or humans, or resting space. Perimeter or open space may be important during periods of activity, such as foraging or play. This study addressed the effects of human activity on coyote behavioral budgeting and enclosure utilization. We predicted that human activity would affect coyote behavior and spatial utilization of enclosure space. Specifically, we hypothesized that human activity would prompt vigilant and other …
A Conceptual Model For The Integration Of Social And Ecological Information To Understand Human-Wildlife Interactions, Stacy A. Lischka, Tara L. Teel, Heather E. Johnson, Sarah E. Reed, Stewart Breck, Andrew Don Carlos, Kevin R. Crooks
A Conceptual Model For The Integration Of Social And Ecological Information To Understand Human-Wildlife Interactions, Stacy A. Lischka, Tara L. Teel, Heather E. Johnson, Sarah E. Reed, Stewart Breck, Andrew Don Carlos, Kevin R. Crooks
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
There is growing recognition that interdisciplinary approaches that account for both ecological and social processes are necessary to successfully address human-wildlife interactions. However, such approaches are hindered by challenges in aligning data types, communicating across disciplines, and applying social science information to conservation actions. To meet these challenges, we propose a conceptual model that adopts a social-ecological systems approach and integrates social and ecological theory to identify the multiple, nested levels of influence on both human and animal behavior. By accounting for a diverse array of influences and feedback mechanisms between social and ecological systems, this model fulfills a need …
Claiming Design, Mark P. Mckenna
Claiming Design, Mark P. Mckenna
Journal Articles
Design stands out among intellectual property subject matter in terms of the extent of overlapping protection available. Different forms of intellectual property usually protect different aspects of a product. In the design context, however, precisely the same features are often subject to design patent, trademark, and copyright protection-and parties commonly claim more than one of those forms. Yet, as we show, the claiming regimes of these three forms of design protection differ in significant ways: the timing of claims; claim format (particularly whether the claims are visual or verbal); the multiplicity of claims (whether and how one can make multiple …
Sharing An Environment With Sick Conspecifics Alters Odors Of Healthy Animals, Stephanie S. Gervasi, Maryanne Opiekun, Talia Martin, Gary K. Beauchamp, Bruce A. Kimball
Sharing An Environment With Sick Conspecifics Alters Odors Of Healthy Animals, Stephanie S. Gervasi, Maryanne Opiekun, Talia Martin, Gary K. Beauchamp, Bruce A. Kimball
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
Body odors change with health status and the odors of sick animals can induce avoidance behaviors in healthy conspecifics. Exposure to sickness odors might also alter the physiology of healthy conspecifics and modify the odors they produce. We hypothesized that exposure to odors of sick (but non-infectious) animals would alter the odors of healthy cagemates. To induce sickness, we injected mice with a bacterial endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide. We used behavioral odor discrimination assays and analytical chemistry techniques followed by predictive classification modeling to ask about differences in volatile odorants produced by two types of healthy mice: those cohoused with healthy conspecifics …
Human–Black Bear Conflicts, Carl W. Lackey, Stewart W. Breck, Brian F. Wakeling, Bryant White
Human–Black Bear Conflicts, Carl W. Lackey, Stewart W. Breck, Brian F. Wakeling, Bryant White
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
Most human–black bear (Ursus americanus) conflict occurs when people make anthropogenic foods like garbage, dog food, domestic poultry, or fruit trees available to bears. Bears change their behavior to take advantage of these resources and may damage property or cause public safety concerns in the process. Managers are often forced to focus efforts on reactive non-lethal and lethal bear management techniques to solve immediate problems, which do little to address root causes of human–bear conflict. As long as bears find easy access to garbage, bird feeders, urban fruit trees, and other food subsidies, conflicts are likely to continue. …
Baryon Magnetic Moments: Symmetries And Relations, Assumpta Parreño, Martin J. Savage, Brian C. Tiburzi, Jonas Wilhelm, Emmanuel Chang, William Detmold, Kostas Orginos
Baryon Magnetic Moments: Symmetries And Relations, Assumpta Parreño, Martin J. Savage, Brian C. Tiburzi, Jonas Wilhelm, Emmanuel Chang, William Detmold, Kostas Orginos
Publications and Research
Magnetic moments of the octet baryons are computed using lattice QCD in background magnetic fields, including the first treatment of the magnetically coupled Σ0- Λ system. Although the computations are performed for relatively large values of the up and down quark masses, we gain new insight into the symmetries and relations between magnetic moments by working at a three-flavor mass-symmetric point. While the spinflavor symmetry in the large Nc limit of QCD is shared by the naïve constituent quark model, we find instances where quark model predictions are considerably favored over those emerging in the large N …
A Novel Role Of The Ankyrin-Binding Motif Of L1-Type Cam Neuroglian In Nuclear Import And Transcriptional Regulation Of Myc, Priyanka P. Kakad
A Novel Role Of The Ankyrin-Binding Motif Of L1-Type Cam Neuroglian In Nuclear Import And Transcriptional Regulation Of Myc, Priyanka P. Kakad
Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2010 - 2019
L1-type cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) plays an essential role in the development of nervous system and is also highly relevant for the progression of diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, stroke and cancers, some of the leading causes of human mortality. In addition to its canonical role as a plasma membrane protein organizing the cytoskeleton, recent in vitro studies have revealed that transmembrane as well as cytosolic fragments of proteolytically cleaved vertebrate L1CAM translocate to the nucleus and regulate expression of genes involved in DNA post-replication repair, cell cycle control, migration and differentiation. However, little is known about the in vivo …
A Meta-Analysis Of School Counselor-Led Interventions On Social-Emotional Skills And Competence For Middle And High School Students, Anna Katharine Owens
A Meta-Analysis Of School Counselor-Led Interventions On Social-Emotional Skills And Competence For Middle And High School Students, Anna Katharine Owens
Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2010 - 2019
This meta-analysis investigated the practical significance of school counselor-led social emotional learning (SEL) interventions on outcomes for students in Grades 6–12. The sample includes 28 studies involving 3,794 middle and high school students. The treatment group was comprised of a total of 2,032 students, who received interventions led by a certified school counselor. The control/comparison groups were derived from a sample of 1,762 middle and high school students who did not receive the school counselor-led intervention. The meta-analysis included a diverse sample of students, with ethnicity reported as 589 (15.52%) African American, 52 (1.37%) Asian, 1,162 (30.63%) Hispanic, 1,267 (33.39%) …
A Network Telescope Approach For Inferring And Characterizing Iot Exploitations, Nataliia Neshenko
A Network Telescope Approach For Inferring And Characterizing Iot Exploitations, Nataliia Neshenko
Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2010 - 2019
While the seamless interconnection of IoT devices with the physical realm is envisioned to bring a plethora of critical improvements on many aspects and in diverse domains, it will undoubtedly pave the way for attackers that will target and exploit such devices, threatening the integrity of their data and the reliability of critical infrastructure. The aim of this thesis is to generate cyber threat intelligence related to Internet-scale inference and evaluation of malicious activities generated by compromised IoT devices to facilitate prompt detection, mitigation and prevention of IoT exploitation. In this context, we initially provide a unique taxonomy, which sheds …
A Zooarchaeological Perspective Of West Kendall Tree Island Site (8da1081), Ryan Steeves
A Zooarchaeological Perspective Of West Kendall Tree Island Site (8da1081), Ryan Steeves
Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2010 - 2019
The West Kendall Tree Island site (8DA1081) is a black dirt midden situated on the northeast end of an everglades tree island. The site has been intensely disturbed by excavation pits, particularly on the highest elevations of the site, and becomes increasingly disturbed by a growing Kendall population. Faunal remains recovered in 2008 are examined to reconstruct past ecological habitats, comparing the faunal composition to tree island sites within the Florida Everglades. Based upon identifications, the composition of the site is similar to those of the region, being comprised primarily of freshwater aquatic species and aquatic reptiles, with minimal selection …
“Odd Apocalyptic Panics”: Chthonic Storytelling In Margaret Atwood’S Maddaddam, Ashley Frances Nugent
“Odd Apocalyptic Panics”: Chthonic Storytelling In Margaret Atwood’S Maddaddam, Ashley Frances Nugent
Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2010 - 2019
I argue that Margaret Atwood’s work in MaddAddam is about survival; it is about moving beyond preconceived, thoughtless ideology of any form with creative kinship. Cooperation and engagement cannot be planned in advance, and must take the form of something more than pre-established ideology. I will discuss MaddAddam in light of Donna Haraway’s recent work in which she argues that multispecies acknowledgement and collaboration are essential if humans are to survive and thrive in the coming centuries. By bringing the two texts into dialogue, one sees that Atwood’s novel constitutes the kind of story deemed necessary by Haraway for making …
Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis Perspective On Alzheimer's Disease, Kawther Elsouri
Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis Perspective On Alzheimer's Disease, Kawther Elsouri
Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2010 - 2019
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been defined as a type of dementia that causes problems with memory, thinking, and behavior. AD is characterized by tau tangles and Aβ plaques in and around neurons, respectively. The impact this disease has on its victims’ health, both physically and mentally, is unimaginable and the rate of progression is not expected to decrease any time soon. This threat to our minds encourages the importance of understanding AD. Amongst the theories as to what bio mechanisms cause the brain to intertwine is the amyloid cascade hypothesis. The purpose of this thesis is to review the amyloid …
An Empirical Test Of A Theoretical Model Of Surprise In Marketing, Irina T. Toteva
An Empirical Test Of A Theoretical Model Of Surprise In Marketing, Irina T. Toteva
Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2010 - 2019
The purpose of this research was to construct and empirically test a theoretical model of surprise and its impact on consumer affect and behavior. First the literature on the emotion of surprise was reviewed with particular emphasis on classification and process models of surprise. A theoretical model of surprise was constructed. A new concept called motivated meaning integration (MMI) was proposed. MMI takes place in a setting that includes the interaction of the appraisal process with factors such as environmental uncertainty and consumers’ individual differences. These interactions impact outcomes such as consumer affect and buying behavior. Ten hypotheses were derived …
Alternative Biological Roles Of Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases In Drosophila Melanogaster, Kelsey Wilson
Alternative Biological Roles Of Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases In Drosophila Melanogaster, Kelsey Wilson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2010 - 2019
The oxidation of methionine (Met) into methionine sulfoxide (met-(o)) leads to deleterious modifications to a variety of cellular constituents. These deleterious alterations can be reversed by enzymes known as methionine sulfoxide reductases (Msr). The Msr (MsrA and MsrB) family of enzymes have been studied extensively for their biological roles in reducing oxidized Met residues back into functional Met. A wide range of studies have focused on Msr both in vivo and in vitro using a variety of model organisms. More specifically, studies have noted numerous processes affected by the overexpression, under expression, and silencing of MsrA and MsrB. Collectively, the …
An Augmentative System With Facial And Emotion Recognition For Improving The Skills Of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders, Mohammed N. Alharbi
An Augmentative System With Facial And Emotion Recognition For Improving The Skills Of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders, Mohammed N. Alharbi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2010 - 2019
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are one of the complex, pervasive, and multifactorial neurodevelopmental conditions which affect one in 68 children. Scientific research has proven the efficiency of using technologies to improve communication and social skills of autistic children. The use of technological devices, such as mobile applications and multimedia, increase the interest of autistic children to learn while playing games. This thesis presents the re-engineering, extension, and evolution of an existing prototype Windows-based mobile application called Ying to become an Android mobile application which is augmented with facial and emotion recognition. This mobile app complements different approaches of traditional therapy, …
An Evaluation Of Unsupervised Machine Learning Algorithms For Detecting Fraud And Abuse In The U.S. Medicare Insurance Program, Rosa Raquel C Da
An Evaluation Of Unsupervised Machine Learning Algorithms For Detecting Fraud And Abuse In The U.S. Medicare Insurance Program, Rosa Raquel C Da
Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2010 - 2019
The population of people ages 65 and older has increased since the 1960s and current estimates indicate it will double by 2060. Medicare is a federal health insurance program for people 65 or older in the United States. Medicare claims fraud and abuse is an ongoing issue that wastes a large amount of money every year resulting in higher health care costs and taxes for everyone. In this study, an empirical evaluation of several unsupervised machine learning approaches is performed which indicates reasonable fraud detection results. We employ two unsupervised machine learning algorithms, Isolation Forest and Unsupervised Random Forest, which …
An Examination Of The Demographic, Social, And Environmental Predictors Of Risk For Schizophrenia In Afro-Caribbean Immigrants Living In The United States, Sandra Gall-Ojurongbe
An Examination Of The Demographic, Social, And Environmental Predictors Of Risk For Schizophrenia In Afro-Caribbean Immigrants Living In The United States, Sandra Gall-Ojurongbe
Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2010 - 2019
The pioneering work of Ödegaard (1932) was the first to link migration and schizophrenia by reporting rates in Norwegian immigrants in Minnesota as twice that of native Minnesotans and of Norwegians in Norway. However, only in recent decades has an interest in migration and schizophrenia been rekindled as a result of reports of elevated rates of schizophrenia in Afro-Caribbean immigrants in the United Kingdom in the mid- 1960s (Hutchinson & Haasen, 2004). Later studies reported elevated rates in secondgeneration Afro-Caribbean immigrants compared to first-generation (Harrison, Owens, Holton, Neilson, & Boot, 1988). In the United States, Blacks were diagnosed with schizophrenia …
Assessment Of Accuracy Of Intra-Set Rating Of Perceived Exertion In The Squat, Bench Press, And Deadlift, Colbey A. Sousa
Assessment Of Accuracy Of Intra-Set Rating Of Perceived Exertion In The Squat, Bench Press, And Deadlift, Colbey A. Sousa
Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2010 - 2019
The purpose of this research was to investigate how accurate trained lifters were at gauging intra-set rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) in the squat, bench press, and deadlift. Ten resistance-trained males completed four sets to failure with 80% of their one-repetition maximum (1RM) and verbally indicated when they believed they were at a “6” and “9” RPE. Across all sets and all lifts, the called 9 RPE was more accurate than the called 6 RPE. Additionally, RPE calls were more accurate during set four vs. set one on the squat and deadlift at both the called 6 and 9 RPEs. …
An Investigation Of Kindergarten Teachers’ Attitudes, Knowledge, And Reported Practices Regarding Teacher Leadership In The State Of Kuwait, Bashayer Aleisa
An Investigation Of Kindergarten Teachers’ Attitudes, Knowledge, And Reported Practices Regarding Teacher Leadership In The State Of Kuwait, Bashayer Aleisa
Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2010 - 2019
This study aimed to investigate the attitudes, knowledge, and practices of Kuwaiti kindergarten teachers regarding their leadership roles in the classroom and schools within the State of Kuwait. This study was conducted using a mixed methods research design whereby both quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analyzed simultaneously. The qualitative sample included 56 kindergarten teachers and twelve heads of departments selected from 12 kindergarten schools from all six school districts in the State of Kuwait. The quantitative sample included 560 volunteer participants who completed a survey that measures teachers’ values, practices, and their perspectives on school culture regarding teacher …
An Examination Of Literacy Based Beha, Pistorio Kalynn Hall
An Examination Of Literacy Based Beha, Pistorio Kalynn Hall
Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2010 - 2019
Preparing young children for kindergarten is an important task. There are many skills that need to be learned. Simple everyday school and daily living tasks are kindergarten readiness skills that need to be taught. Many preschool students struggle to learn these skills unless taught directly. There are a sufficient number of interventions that have been used to teach various skills to students, but few have been identified as evidenced-based practices for teaching skills to at-risk preschool students in the classroom. Literacy based behavioral interventions (LBBI) (Bucholz, Brady, Duffy, Scott, & Kontosh, 2008) are a class of intervention that have been …
Analysis Of Turbulence Observed In The Florida Current Using An Adcp, John E. Denton
Analysis Of Turbulence Observed In The Florida Current Using An Adcp, John E. Denton
Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2010 - 2019
The observation of turbulence in the Florida Current is presented with the use of velocity measurements collected with an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP). The research is conducted through application of the theories of Taylor and Kolmogorov and related derivations, and processing tools of MATLAB software to this Eulerian observation of flow [1]. The velocity profile of the Florida Current is deduced in terms of its turbulent character with shear, acceleration, gradient, Reynolds Number, Reynolds Stress, Welch power spectrum density of current velocity, wavenumbers of Taylor’s hypothesis and Kolmogorov, wavenumber spectrum, eddy diameters, diapycnal diffusivity, and the Richardson Number. Processing …
Ardent Dwellings: Contemplating Identity Through Drawing And Arrangement, Kristina Smatrakaleva
Ardent Dwellings: Contemplating Identity Through Drawing And Arrangement, Kristina Smatrakaleva
Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2010 - 2019
Ardent Dwellings is a work about longing, self-exploration, and construction of identity through the arrangement of meticulously drawn and cut paper elements. Mainly consisting of drawn dried flower forms and expressive female hands, these elements come together in deliberate arrangements of spaces and relations. The moments of sensuality resulting from these exploratory touches signify moments created through traversing bodies and identities. To achieve this exploration visually, I created a collection of eight drawing collages and a large paper installation with mixed media components. The elements in this work are carefully placed in relation to one another with the intent of …
Assessment Of Sexual Dimorphism On The First And Second Ribs: Exploring Geometric Morphometrics, Henna D. Bhramdat
Assessment Of Sexual Dimorphism On The First And Second Ribs: Exploring Geometric Morphometrics, Henna D. Bhramdat
Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2010 - 2019
Estimating the sex of unknown human skeletal remains is important to the fields of forensic anthropology, bioarchaeology, and other specialties. I studied sexual dimorphism on the first and second ribs to estimate sex from skeletal remains. I employed two approaches. I used geometric morphometrics to analyze landmark and semilandmark coordinate points to examine the overall shape of the ribs. I also examined the sternal end of the ribs for size using the superior-inferior height (SIH) and anteriorposterior breadth (APB) in a binary logistic regression (BLR) model. Differences in male and female first and second ribs are undetectable when landmark coordinate …
Cgmp/Pkg-Regulated Mechanisms Of Protection From Low Oxygen And Oxidative Stress, Olena Mahneva
Cgmp/Pkg-Regulated Mechanisms Of Protection From Low Oxygen And Oxidative Stress, Olena Mahneva
Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2010 - 2019
Stroke is one of the leading causes of human death in the United States. The debilitating effects of an ischemic stroke are due to the fact that mammalian neurons are highly susceptible to hypoxia and subsequent oxygen reperfusion. From studies in Drosophila melanogaster, cGMP-dependent Protein Kinase (PKG) enzyme is thought to affect anoxia tolerance by modifying the electrical current through potassium ion channels. In this research, two animal models were employed: Drosophila melanogaster and mammalian neurons exposed to stroke-like conditions. First, in vivo studies using Drosophila were performed to further our knowledge about the differences between the naturally occurring variants …
Characterization Of Disulfide Constrained Natural Peptides, Mickelene F. Hoggard
Characterization Of Disulfide Constrained Natural Peptides, Mickelene F. Hoggard
Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2010 - 2019
The use of peptide drugs has gained popularity recently. Peptides are attractive drug targets due to their high specificity and potency towards their biological targets. A drawback for peptide drugs is a lack of stability for oral delivery. Two classes of disulfide-rich peptides, conotoxins and cyclotides, have been shown to have higher stability than linear peptides thanks to their disulfide connectivity. Conotoxins are present in the venom of cone snails, a carnivorous marine mollusk that preys upon fish, worms, or other mollusks. Conotoxins are promising drugs leads with great prospects in the treatment of diseases and disorders such as chronic …
Characterizing Electroconvulsive Seizure Recovery Time In The Invertebrate Model Systems Caenorhabditis Elegans And Drosophila Melanogaster, Monica G. Risley
Characterizing Electroconvulsive Seizure Recovery Time In The Invertebrate Model Systems Caenorhabditis Elegans And Drosophila Melanogaster, Monica G. Risley
Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2010 - 2019
Seizures are a symptom of epilepsy, characterized by spontaneous firing due to an imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory features. While mammalian seizure models receive the most attention, the simplicity and tractability of invertebrate model systems, specifically C. elegans and D. melanogaster, have many advantages in understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of seizure behavior. This research explores C. elegans and D. melanogaster as electroconvulsive seizure models to investigate methods to both modulate and better understand seizure susceptibility. A common underlying feature of seizures in mammals, worms, and flies involves regulating excitation and inhibition. The C. elegans locomotor circuit is regulated …
Characterizing The Geometry Of A Random Point Cloud, Zachariah Tyree
Characterizing The Geometry Of A Random Point Cloud, Zachariah Tyree
Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2010 - 2019
This thesis is composed of three main parts. Each chapter is concerned with characterizing some properties of a random ensemble or stochastic process. The properties of interest and the methods for investigating them di er between chapters. We begin by establishing some asymptotic results regarding zeros of random harmonic mappings, a topic of much interest to mathematicians and astrophysicists alike. We introduce a new model of harmonic polynomials based on the so-called "Weyl ensemble" of random analytic polynomials. Building on the work of Li and Wei [28] we obtain precise asymptotics for the average number of zeros of this model. …
Central Moments Of Squeezed States: A Coincidence Statistics Analogue, Christopher C. Tison
Central Moments Of Squeezed States: A Coincidence Statistics Analogue, Christopher C. Tison
Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2010 - 2019
As a subset of quantum optics, single photons are one of the competing physical resources for quantum information processing. When used as carriers of quantum information, they have no equal. For the processing of quantum information, single photons have proven difficult to scale beyond the order of ⇠ 10 photons. The lack of single-photon-level interaction has led to creative approaches which rely on postselection to filter the possible measured outcomes to those which appear as though interaction occurred. This approach of post-selection leans heavily on the ability to not only generate but also detect scores of single photons simultaneously and …
Creating Spaces For Culturally Responsive Pedagogy Amid Standards Driven Curriculum In Secondary School English/Language Arts Classes, Anala Leichtman
Creating Spaces For Culturally Responsive Pedagogy Amid Standards Driven Curriculum In Secondary School English/Language Arts Classes, Anala Leichtman
Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2010 - 2019
This hermeneutic phenomenological study emerged from concerns about the ways teachers’ pedagogical practices are affected by growing diversity in their classrooms and continuous education reform. Drawing on the perspectives of critical pedagogy and postcolonial literary theory, this study also explored the tension that exists between what students ought to learn in schools and what they actually learn. Data was gathered through two interviews and a classroom observation with each of eight high school language arts teachers in South Florida to gain an understanding of how they use their pedagogical practices to navigate changes that occur in the practice field and …
Deep Learning For Android Application Ransomware Detection, Panupong Wongsupa
Deep Learning For Android Application Ransomware Detection, Panupong Wongsupa
Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2010 - 2019
Smartphones and mobile tablets are rapidly growing, and very important nowadays. The most popular mobile operating system since 2012 has been Android. Android is an open source platform that allows developers to take full advantage of both the operating system and the applications itself. However, due to the open source community of an Android platform, some Android developers took advantage of this and created countless malicious applications such as Trojan, Malware, and Ransomware. All which are currently hidden in a large number of benign apps in official Android markets, such as Google PlayStore, and Amazon. Ransomware is a malware that …