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A Review Of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Catalyst Layer By Electrospinning, Yong Liu, Han Ding, De-Chun Si, Jie Peng, Jian-Bo Zhang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The limitation of catalyst layer for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) in cost, durability and performance constitutes the bottleneck for the commercialization of fuel cell vehicles. Electrospun catalyst layer, with high catalyst utilization, increased triple phase boundary (TPB) and triple phase channel (TPC), has been developed by many researchers. This paper reviews the research progress in the electrospun catalyst layer for PEMFC, combined with the author’s work. Firstly, the development progress of catalyst layer is summarized, and the catalyst layer is classified and analyzed based on its fabrication method and structure character. Next, the fabrication process, physical property characterization, …

Fe-N Doped Hollow Carbon Nanospheres Linked By Carbon Nanotubes For Oxygen Reduction Reaction, Ya-Lin Zhang, Chi Chen, Liang-Liang Zou, Zhi-Qing Zou, Hui Yang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The development of non-precious metal catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is essential for large-scale application of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Herein, we present the in situ formed Fe-N doped hollow carbon nanospheres linked by carbon nanotubes composite, synthesized by using ZIF-8 as sacrificed template to form polydopamine (PDA) hollow nanospheres, followed by complexing with FeCl₃, high temperature heat-treatment and NH₃-etching. ZIF-8 was gradually decomposed simultaneously with PDA coating due to the loss of Zn²⁺ grabbed by PDA. NH3 etching resulted in the improved surface area, while the reducibility of NH₃ resulted in …

Facile Synthesis Of Pt-Cu Alloy Nanodendrites As High-Performance Electrocatalysts For Oxygen Reduction Reaction, Liu-Xuan Luo, Guang-Hua Wei, Shui-Yun Shen, Feng-Juan Zhu, Chang-Chun Ke, Xiao-Hui Yan, Jun-Liang Zhang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Structures and compositions have significant effects on the catalytic properties of nanomaterials. Herein, a facile etching-based method was employed to synthesize Pt-Cu nanodendrites (NDs) with uniform and homogeneous alloy structures for enhancing oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The formation of dendritic morphology was ascribed to the etching effect caused by the oxidative etchants of the Br^-/O₂ pair. The atomic ratio of Pt/Cu in Pt-Cu NDs could be easily tuned by altering the ratio of the Pt/Cu precursors, without deteriorating the dendritic morphology. The most active carbon-supported Pt₁Cu₁ NDs (Pt₁Cu₁ NDs/C) exhibited the …

Acid Treated Carbon As Anodic Electrocatalysts Toward Direct Ascorbic Acid Alkaline Membrane Fuel Cells, He-Mu Chen, Chen-Xi Qiu, Yuan-Yuan Cong, Hui-Yuan Liu, Zi-Hui Zhai, Yu-Jiang Song

Journal of Electrochemistry

In order to improve the hydrophilicity and electrocatalytic activity, commercial carbon black (BP 2000) was subjected to acid treatment to obtain acid-treated carbon (ATC). The generation of rich oxygen-containing groups on the surface of the ATC was proved by X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), Fourier transform-infra red spectra (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and contact angle measurement. UV-vis spectra were firstly recorded to calculate activation energy (Ea) of ascorbic acid (AA) chemical oxidation in alkaline conditions by oxygen in air and the Ea value was determined to be 37.1 kJ·mol^-1. Additionally, electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) were used to evaluate unprecedented …

Palladium Adatoms On Gold Nanoparticles As Electrocatalysts For Ethanol Electro-Oxidation In Alkaline Solutions, Hui-Mei Chen, Shang-Qian Zhu, Jia-Le Huang, Min-Hua Shao

Journal of Electrochemistry

Palladium (Pd) is a good catalyst for ethanol electro-oxidation in alkaline solutions. The activity of Pd is further improved in this study by modifying the gold (Au) nanoparticles with Pd adatoms using a simple spontaneous deposition process. The Pd overlayer on the Au core (Au@Pd) is un-uniform with some Au atoms exposed to the electrolyte. The activity of Au@Pd/C toward ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) is much higher than that of Pd/C in an alkaline solution. The peak current density of Au@Pd/C is 4.6 times higher than that of Pd/C with a 100 mV lower onset potential. The enhanced activity may …

Pd/C Catalysts For Co2 Electroreduction To Co:Pd Loading Effect, Dun-Feng Gao, Cheng-Cheng Yan, Guo-Xiong Wang, Xin-He Bao

Journal of Electrochemistry

Nanostructured heterogeneous catalysts have been widely used in the electrochemical carbon dioxide (CO₂) reduction reaction (CO₂RR), which can simultaneously achieve the electrocatalytic conversion of CO₂ to fuels and the storage of renewable energy sources. Carbon supported palladium nanoparticles (Pd/C) catalysts have been previously reported to show excellent CO₂RR performance. However, the crucial role of the metal loading in supported electrocatalysts has been rarely reported. In this work, we study the Pd loading effect on the structure of Pd/C catalysts as well as their activity and selectivity of CO₂RR to CO. The …

Voltage Distribution Of Self-Humidifying Air-Cooled Pemfc, Kai-Feng Tan, Wei-Rong Chen, Ming Han, Xue-Xia Zhang

Journal of Electrochemistry

In this work, the self-adaptive characteristics of self-humidifying air-cooled PEMFC stack was investigated. The performance and the unit-cell voltage distribution of the stack were measured and analyzed through the unit-cell I-V curve fitting. The operating conditions for this experimental study were set as follows: hydrogen pressure at the anode was 2 bar, the fan power used for the reactant oxygen feed and stack cooling was at 0.3 W, and the duration and time gap of water purged from hydrogen chamber were 1 s and 10 s, respectively. The experimental results showed that the self-humidifying air-cooled PEMFC stack used for this …

Durability Performance Of The High-Power Fuel Cell System, Ke-Yong Wang, Wei-Yu Shi, Ren-Fang Wang, Jia Liu, Zhong-Jun Hou

Journal of Electrochemistry

Fuel cell durability is the crucial challenge in fuel cell vehicle, and the lifetime of more than 5000 hours is believed to be necessary for vehicle application. Few works on durability test of the full fuel cell system have been reported. In this work, the long lifetime HySYS-30 fuel cell system was developed in Sunrise Power based on the improved MEA durability and system control strategy. The durability performance of the system was investigated under vehicle duty cycle for more than 6000 hours, and only 8.1% performance loss was observed, implying that the durability of HySYS-30 fuel cell system could …

Caging Porous Co-N-C Nanocomposites In 3d Graphene As Active And Aggregation-Resistant Electrocatalyst For Oxygen Reduction Reaction, Lu-Yang Xiu, Meng-Zhou Yu, Peng-Ju Yang, Zhi-Yu Wang, Jie-Shan Qiu

Journal of Electrochemistry

Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the cornerstone reaction of many renewable energy technologies such as fuel cells and rechargeable metal-air batteries. The Pt-based electrocatalysts exhibit the highest activity toward ORR, but their large implementation is greatly prohibiting by unaffordable cost and inferior durability. During electrode manufacturing and electrochemical reaction, severe aggregation of catalyst nanoparticles induced by size effect further limits the operational performance of electrocatalysts. We report a new strategy for fabrication of active and aggregation-resistant ORR electrocatalyst by caging metal-organic frameworks derived Co-N-C nanocomposites in permeable and porous 3D graphene cages via sprayed drying the mixed colloids of ZIF-67 …

A Study Of Adiponectin/Leptin Ratio In Adult Males With Metabolic Syndrome, Ann Khazaal Yaseen, Yousra Ahmed Abdulateef

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome is a disorder of energy utilization and storage. It is a multi-component disease brought on by a combination of life style and environmental factors, with some populations exhibiting a genetic predisposition and type 2 diabetes. It is marked by abdominal obesity, elevated levels of triglyceride, low levels of HDL (good) cholesterol, high blood pressure and high blood sugar levels. Metabolic syndrome is a significant risk factor for the development of both type 2 diabetes and heart disease, also associated with fatty liver, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Recently two adipocytokines secreted from visceral adipose tissue leptin and adiponectin, …

Pengembangan Aplikasi Assessment Menggunakan Media Short Message Service, Guruh Sukma Hanggara, Santy Andrianie, Restu Dwi Ariyanto

Jurnal Kajian Bimbingan dan Konseling

sms; application; need analysis

Joinder Is Coming: Why Denying Swarm Joinder In Bittorrent Cases May Do More Harm Than Good, Gibran Peña-Porras

University of Cincinnati Law Review

No abstract provided.

Selective Abortion Bans: The Birth Of A New State Compelling Interest, Tori Gooder

University of Cincinnati Law Review

No abstract provided.

Spin Doctors: Prosecutor Sophistry And The Burden Of Proof, Michael Cicchini

University of Cincinnati Law Review

Prosecutors have developed several tactics to effectively lower the burden of proof in criminal trials. One such tactic is to argue to jurors that they should “search for the truth” of what they think happened. Some trial courts are complicit in this effort, and formally instruct jurors “not to search for doubt” but instead “to search for the truth.” Defense lawyers have objected to these truth-based arguments and instructions, as such language improperly lowers the burden of proof below the reasonable doubt standard. Prosecutors, however, have dismissed these objections as pure speculation.

In response to this apparent call for evidence, …

Study Of Cotton Drying Device Technologies, R.X Rasulov, D.V Norbayeva

Central Asian Problems of Modern Science and Education

In cotton ginning cotton processing technologies, the cleaning of raw cotton is a very important process. In the operated purifiers a low purifying effect, in order to increase the cleaning effect, it is required to modernize the working elements of the cleaner. For this, it is necessary to study the process between the serrated drum and the grate. The obtained results can improve the technology of cleaning machines. Studies have determined the change in the purification process

Discerning Novel Splice Junctions Derived From Rna-Seq Alignment: A Deep Learning Approach, Yi Zhang, Xinan Liu, James N. Macleod, Jinze Liu

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Background: Exon splicing is a regulated cellular process in the transcription of protein-coding genes. Technological advancements and cost reductions in RNA sequencing have made quantitative and qualitative assessments of the transcriptome both possible and widely available. RNA-seq provides unprecedented resolution to identify gene structures and resolve the diversity of splicing variants. However, currently available ab initio aligners are vulnerable to spurious alignments due to random sequence matches and sample-reference genome discordance. As a consequence, a significant set of false positive exon junction predictions would be introduced, which will further confuse downstream analyses of splice variant discovery and abundance estimation.

Results: …

Ochre And Pigment Use At Hohle Fels Cave: Results Of The First Systematic Review Of Ochre And Ochre-Related Artefacts From The Upper Palaeolithic In Germany, Elizabeth C. Velliky, Martin Porr, Nicholas J. Conard

KIP Articles

Studies of modern carnivore accumulations of bone (i.e., neo-taphonomy) are crucial for interpreting fossil accumulations in the archaeological and paleontological records. Yet, studies in arid regions have been limited in both number and detailed taphonomic data, prohibiting our understanding of carnivore bone-accumulating and -modifying behavior in dry regions. Here, we present a taphonomic analysis of an impressive carnivore-accumulated bone assemblage from the Umm Jirsan lava tube in the Harrat Khaybar region, Saudi Arabia. The size and composition of the bone accumulation, as well as the presence of hyena skeletal remains and coprolites, suggest that the assemblage was primarily accumulated by …

Money Is More Than Memory, Maria Bigoni, Gabriele Camera, Marco Casari

ESI Working Papers

Impersonal exchange is the hallmark of an advanced society and money is one key institution that supports it. Economic theory regards money as a crude arrangement for monitoring counterparts’ past conduct. If so, then a public record of past actions—or memory—should supersede the function performed by money. This intriguing theoretical postulate remains untested. In an experiment, we show that the suggested functional equivalence between money and memory does not translate into an empirical equivalence: money removed the incentives to free ride, while memory did not. Monetary systems performed a richer set of functions than just revealing past behaviors.

Diel Variability Of Pco 2 And Co 2 Outgassing From The Lower Mississippi River: Implications For Riverine Co 2 Outgassing Estimation, Jeremy H. Reiman, Y. Jun Xu

Faculty Publications

Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) outgassing from river surface waters is an important component of the global carbon cycle currently not well constrained. To test the hypothesis that riverine partial pressure of CO 2 (pCO 2 ) and CO 2 outgassing rates differ between daylight and darkness, we conducted in-situ pCO 2 and ambient water measurements over four 24-h periods in the spring and summer of 2018 in the Lower Mississippi River under varying flow regimes. We hypothesized that diel pCO 2 variation will correlate inversely with solar radiation due to light-induced photosynthesis. Despite differing ambient conditions between seasons, we …

Using Physical Contact Heterogeneity And Frequency To Characterize Dynamics Of Human Exposure To Nonhuman Primate Bodily Fluids In Central Africa, Victor Narat, Mamdou Kampo, Thibut Heyer, Stephanie Rupp, Philippe Ambata, Richard Njouom, Tamara Giles-Vernick

Publications and Research

Emerging infectious diseases of zoonotic origin constitute a recurrent threat to global health. Nonhuman primates (NHPs) occupy an important place in zoonotic spillovers (pathogenic transmissions from animals to humans), serving as reservoirs or amplifiers of multiple neglected tropical diseases, including viral hemorrhagic fevers and arboviruses, parasites and bacteria, as well as retroviruses (simian foamy virus, PTLV) that are pathogenic in human beings. Hunting and butchering studies in Africa characterize at-risk human social groups, but overlook critical factors of contact heterogeneity and frequency, NHP species differences, and meat processing practices. In southeastern Cameroon, a region with a history of zoonotic emergence …

The Weekly Challenger, December 27, 2018, The Weekly Challenger, Et Al

Weekly Challenger Newspaper Collection

The December 27, 2018, issue of The Weekly Challenger.

The Addition Of Simvastatin Administration To Cold Storage Solution Of Explanted Whole Liver Grafts For Facing Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury In An Area With A Low Rate Of Deceased Donation: A Monocentric Randomized Controlled Double-Blinded Phase 2 Study., Duilio Pagano, Elisabetta Oliva, Simone Khouzam, Fabio Tuzzolino, Davide Cintorino, Sergio Li Petri, Fabrizio Di Francesco, Calogero Ricotta, Pasquale Bonsignore, Alessandro Tropea, Sergio Calamia, Federico Costanzo, Angelo Luca, Salvatore Gruttadauria

Student Papers, Posters & Projects

BACKGROUND: Liver transplantation is the best treatment for end-stage liver disease. The interruption of the blood supply to the donor liver during cold storage damages the liver, affecting how well the liver will function after transplant. The drug Simvastatin may help to protect donor livers against this damage and improve outcomes for transplant recipients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the benefits of treating the donor liver with Simvastatin compared with the standard transplant procedure.

PATIENT AND METHODS: We propose a prospective, double-blinded, randomized phase 2 study of 2 parallel groups of eligible adult patients. We will compare …

A Review Of Beneficial Low-Intensity Exercises In Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Patients, Carley Johnson, Jody K. Takemoto

Pharmacy Faculty Publications and Presentations

The American Diabetic Association standards of medical care for diabetic patients recommends moderate intensity exercise to help manage diabetes; however, this recommendation may be unmanageable for patients who have become inactive or unable to reach this intensity. The purpose of this review is to determine if low-intensity exercises demonstrate improvement in diabetic peripheral neuropathy symptoms in order to utilize these exercises as a starting point for inactive patients. Studies in low-intensity exercises from 2013 to May 2018 were systematically searched in PubMed, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Library databases. The studies in this research have shown that low-intensity resistance exercises have promising …

In Situ Gel Of Triamcinolone Acetonide-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles For Improved Topical Ocular Delivery: Tear Kinetics And Ocular Disposition Studies, Akshaya Tatke, Narendar Dudhipala, Karthik Yadav Janga, Sai Prachetan Balguri, Bharathi Avula, Monica M. Jablonski, Soumyajit Majumdar

Faculty and Student Publications (Open Access)

Triamcinolone acetonide (TA), an intermediate acting corticosteroid, is used in the treatment of posterior ocular diseases, such as inflammation, posterior uveitis, and diabetic macular edema. The objective of this investigation was to prepare TA-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (TA-SLNs) and in situ gel (TA-SLN-IG) formulations for delivery into the deeper ocular tissues through the topical route. TA-SLNs were prepared by hot homogenization and ultrasonication method using glyceryl monostearate and Compritol® 888ATO as solid lipids and Tween®80 and Pluronic® F-68 as surfactants. TA-SLNs were optimized and converted to TA-SLN-IG by the inclusion of gellan gum and evaluated for their rheological properties. In …

Peningkatan Praktik Mandiri Ibu Dalam Pemantauan Status Gizi Balita Melalui Pendampingan Aktivitis Dasa Wisma, Nugraheni S.A, Ronny Aruben, Ike Johan Prihatin, Sari Sari, Etik Sulistyowati

Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia

The incidence of malnutrition in Indonesia, also in Central Java and Semarang is still high, another problem
is the lack of awareness and knowledge of the community including mother on monitoring nutritional status,
and there has never been a group of community members who care about nutrition. The aim of this study was
toanalyze changes in maternal attitudes and practices related to child nutrition after Dasawisma’s assistance.
The research was carried out in the work area of the Tlogosari Wetan Health Center in Semarang, on the grounds
that the Puskesmas area has a number of Dasa Wisma that have been …

Pengukuran Pengeluaran Energi Pada Hari Kerja Dan Hari Libur Menggunakan Aplikasi Smartphone Pada Mahasiswa Ipb, Aisyah Fathul Jannah, Dodik Briawan

Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia

The effect of globalization made teenagers use health applications to achieve body fitness. The calories
counter application is more practical and fast method to use. This study aimed to analyze energy expenditure in
Bogor Agricultural University students with smartphone application compared with estimated energy expenditure
using Physical Activity Level (PAL). The study design of this research was cross sectional study involving 61 students
as samples. Physical activity data in a day were collected in two ways, using questionnaire and Samsung
Health application. Energy expenditure was measured during weekday and weekend. Energy expenditure measured
by Samsung Health application on weekday was …

Effects Of Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue Seed And Red Clover Isoflavones On Rumen Microbial Populations And Physiological Parameters Of Beef Cattle, Emily A. Melchior, Jason K. Smith, Liesel G. Schneider, Travis Mulliniks, Gary E. Bates, Michael D. Flythe, James L. Klotz, Huihua Ji, Jack P. Goodman, Amanda R. Lee, J. Marc Caldwell, Phillip R. Myer

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Lolium arundinaceum [(Darbyshire) tall fescue] toxicosis is responsible for substantial beef production losses in the United States, due to its negative effects on reproduction, growth, and feed efficiency. These effects are consequences of toxic alkaloids within tall fescue. Interseeding legumes, such as Trifolium pratense (red clover), into pastures has been shown to mitigate a portion of these effects. Clovers contain isoflavones, which may play a role in tall fescue toxicosis mitigation. The present study utilized 36 Angus steers to determine the effects of daily supplementation with a red clover- isolated isoflavone feed additive on physiological symptoms of tall fescue toxicosis …

Changing Scholarly Trends Of Lis Research In Asia: A Scientometric Study Based On Scopus, Vinod Kumar Gautam Mr., Rajani Mishra Dr.

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Scientometric studies can be of great help not only for researchers and academicians but also for the government officials in setting funds for development as well as policy setting and decision making. Various scientometric studies are being done to assess the publication output of the researchers in the various disciplines, to know their collaboration as well as interdisciplinarity. This present study is furthering the level of the study by assessing the LIS research trend in the Asian countries, using AGR, RCI, CC and PEI etc. as indicators.

Interpersonal Violence In Peacetime Malawi., Rebecca G. Maine, Brittney Williams, Jennifer A. Kincaid, Gift Mulima, Carlos Varela, Jared R. Gallaher, Trista D. Reid, Anthony G. Charles

Department of Surgery Faculty Papers

Background: The contribution of interpersonal violence (IPV) to trauma burden varies greatly by region. The high rates of IPV in sub-Saharan Africa are thought to relate in part to the high rates of collective violence. Malawi, a country with no history of internal collective violence, provides an excellent setting to evaluate whether collective violence drives the high rates of IPV in this region.

Methods: This is a retrospective review of a prospective trauma registry from 2009 through 2016 at Kamuzu Central Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi. Adult (>16 years) victims of IPV were compared with non-intentional trauma victims. Log binomial …

Groundwater Level Response To The Wenchuan Earthquake Of May 2008, Anhua He, Ramesh Singh

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

We have comprehensively analysed the co-seismic response of the groundwater levels of 280 wells in mainland China that were associated with the Wenchuan earthquake (Mw 7.9) that occurred on 12 May 2008. The observed co-seismic responses can be classified as step-like changes in 138 wells, variations in 69 wells and non-responses in 73 wells. After a quantitative analysis of spatial distribution, there was no spatially coherent signal found in the step-like changes (positive values indicate a step-like rise, and negative values indicate a step-like fall), even within 300 km of the epicenter. The amplitude and the phase shift of the …