Digital Commons Network^™

The Courtyard Pattern's Thermal Efficiency: Limits And Significance Of Impact, O Al-Hafith, Bk Satish, S Bradbury, P Dewilde

School of Art, Design and Architecture

No abstract provided.

Paleoecological Analysis Of Benthic Recovery After The Late Permian Mass Extinction Event In Eastern Lombardy, Italy, William J. Foster, Silvia Danise, Gregory D. Price, Richard J. Twitchett

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

No abstract provided.

Evaluating The Effect Of Different Voice Prostheses On Alaryngeal Voice Quality, Margaret M. Coffey, Neil Tolley, David Howard, Mary Hickson

School of Health Professions

No abstract provided.

Competitive Escalation And Interventions, Sebastian Hafenbrädl, Jan K. Woike

School of Psychology

Competitive escalation occurs frequently in managerial environments, when decisions create sunk costs and decision makers compete under time pressure. In a series of experiments using a minimal dollar auction paradigm, we test interventions to prevent competitive escalation. Without any intervention, most people, including experienced managers, escalate and lose money by bidding more than the price is worth (e.g., more than 10 € for 10 €). We test several interventions, in which we provide individuals with different types of experience: direct experience in structurally identical and in structurally similar situations, as well as direct experience in similarly competitive situations (lacking the …

Responding Effectively To Adult Mental Health Patient Feedback In An Online Environment: A Coproduced Framework, Rebecca Baines, John Donovan, De Bere S Regan, Julian Archer, Ray Jones

Peninsula Medical School

No abstract provided.

Trends Of Testing For And Diagnosis Of Α 1 -Antitrypsin Deficiency In The Uk: More Testing Is Needed, Jb Soriano, Sj Lucas, R Jones, M Miravitlles, V Carter, I Small, D Price, R Mahadeva

Peninsula Medical School

α1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) significantly increases the risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and testing of all COPD patients for AATD is recommended by the World Health Organization, European Respiratory Society and Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). We aimed to determine trends for testing and diagnosing AATD from 1990 to 2014. This study analysed all patients diagnosed with COPD from about 550 UK Optimum Patient Care Research Database general practices, including a subgroup of those diagnosed before the age of 60 years. We identified 107 024 COPD individuals, of whom 29 596 (27.6%) were diagnosed before …

’Who Cares?' The Experiences Of Caregivers Of Adults Living With Heart Failure, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease And Coronary Artery Disease: A Mixed Methods Systematic Review, Miriam Catherine Noonan, Jennifer Wingham, Rod S. Taylor

School of Health Professions

Objective To assess the experiences of unpaid caregivers providing care to people with heart failure (HF) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or coronary artery disease (CAD). Design Mixed methods systematic review including qualitative and quantitative studies. Data sources Databases searched: Medline Ebsco, PsycInfo, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Embase, Web of Science, Ethos: The British Library and ProQuest. Grey literature identified using: Global Dissertations and Theses and Applied Sciences Index and hand searches and citation checking of included references. Search time frame: 1 January 1990 to 30 August 2017. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Inclusion was limited to English …

Peer Mentoring: Enhancing The Transition From Student To Professional, Margaret Fisher, Rachel Stanyer

School of Nursing and Midwifery

No abstract provided.

Using Natural Analogues To Investigate The Effects Of Climate Change And Ocean Acidification On Northern Ecosystems, Samuel S.P. Rastrick, Helen Graham, Kumiko Azetsu-Scott, Piero Calosi, Melissa Chierici, Agneta Fransson, Haakon Hop, Jason Hall-Spencer, Marco Milazzo, Peter Thor, Tina Kutti

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.

Intravenous Injection Of Unfunctionalized Carbon-Based Nanomaterials Confirms The Minimal Toxicity Observed In Aqueous And Dietary Exposures In Juvenile Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus Mykiss ), David Boyle, Paul A. Sutton, Richard D. Handy, Theodore B. Henry

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

No abstract provided.

Detecting Environmental Change: How Many Samples Are Required?, M. J. Gardner, S. D.W. Comber

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

One of the most important functions of environmental monitoring is the detection of change. This can be the delineation of deteriorating circumstances or the identification of the success of remedial measures. The design of effective monitoring of change (and hence the optimisation of resources devoted to monitoring) relies on appropriate replication - knowing how many samples are required. Lack of information on the variance of the measured parameter is often a barrier to determining the optimum sampling strategy. An important new information resource on within-site variance of the concentrations of over 60 trace substances in wastewater treatment works effluents has …

Sea Ice, Ice-Rafting, And Ocean Climate Across Denmark Strait During Rapid Deglaciation (Similar To 16-12 Cal Ka Bp) Of The Iceland And East Greenland Shelves, J. T. Andrews, P. Cabedo-Sanz, A. E. Jennings, S Olafsdottir, S. T. Belt, A Geirsdottir

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

No abstract provided.

Quantified Moorland Vegetation And Assessment Of The Role Of Burning Over The Past Five Millennia, Ralph M. Fyfe, Havananda Ombashi, Heather J. Davies, Katie Head

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

© 2017 International Association for Vegetation Science. Aims: To apply the Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm (LRA) to pollen count data from multiple sites to estimate local vegetation abundance and compare with charcoal-derived records of burning. Location: Exmoor, southwest England, UK. Methods: Pollen count data from 16 sites were transformed to estimates of distance-weighted vegetation abundance using the LRA (REVEALS and LOVE models), correcting for bias in pollen production and dispersal. Charcoal concentration data from six sites were normalized using Box-Cox transformation to produce z-scores. Moving-window correlation was undertaken to compare pollen percentage values for key taxa (Calluna, Poaceae) and localized burning. …

The Challenges In Caring For Morbidly Obese Patients In Intensive Care: A Focused Ethnographic Study, C Hales, M Coombs, K De Vries

School of Nursing and Midwifery

Background Critically ill morbidly obese patients pose considerable healthcare delivery and resource utilisation challenges. However little is known about the care of these patients in intensive care. Objective To explore medical and nursing practices and attitudes in intensive care when caring for critically ill morbidly obese patients. Methods A focused ethnographic approach was adopted. Participant observation of care practices and interviews with intensive care doctors and nurses were undertaken over a four month period. Qualitative analysis was conducted using constant comparison. Setting An 18 bedded tertiary intensive care unit in New Zealand. Participants Sixty-seven intensive care nurses and 13 intensive …

Processes Influencing Differences In Arctic And Antarctic Trough Mouth Fan Sedimentology, J Gales, C-D Hillenbrand, R Larter, J-S Laberg, M Melles, S Benetti, S Passchier

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.

Including Topographical Effects In Slant-Range Modeling, Kari C. Ward, Kyle J. Demarsy

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Spacecraft descent-to-landing navigation often includes the use of a slant-range measurement, the distance from the spacecraft to a surface along the off-nadir pointing direction of the sensor. Modeling a slant range sensor requires a reference surface, approximations of which include spherical and ellipsoidal surfaces, spherical harmonic models, and topographical maps based on prior reconnaissance data. For the spherical and ellipsoidal reference surfaces, a closed-form solution of the slant-range measurement exists. However, these approaches are inaccurate with respect to the true surface. This paper develops a method to implement digital elevation maps of a given surface to create a topography-based model …

Electric Solid Propellant Ablation In A Pulsed Electric Thruster, Matthew S. Glascock, Joshua L. Rovey

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Electric solid propellants are advanced solid chemical rocket propellant that can be controlled (ignited, throttled and extinguished) with electric current. Work reported here focuses on application of electric solid propellant in a pulsed electric thruster similar to a pulsed plasma thruster. In the future it may be possible to develop a dual-mode electric solid propellant thruster that is switchable between steady applied electric current chemical mode and pulsed alternating electric current electric mode. Results presented here use a laboratory test thruster to create an arc discharge of 5-20 J per pulse in a cylindrical cavity of propellant. Results for Teflon …

Square-Root Consider Filters With Hyperbolic Householder Reflections, James S. Mccabe, Kyle J. De Mars

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Maintaining positive definiteness of a filter's error covariance estimate is of paramount importance to any stable and reliable estimation scheme. Two widely used methods for protecting a filter from loss of positive-definiteness are that of consider filtering and square-root filtering. Despite their widespread use in estimation applications, a filtering methodology that combines the two techniques has yet to be presented in a unified, streamlined architecture. This paper develops a new approach to square-root filtering using hyperbolic Householder reflections. A specialization of the method is considered to permit computationally efficient applications, and a numerical example pertaining to a ballistic reentry is …

Set-Theoretic Model Reference Adaptive Control Of A Generic Transport Model, Ehsan Arabi, Tansel Yucelen, Nhan T. Nguyen

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper illustrates an application of a recently developed set-theoretic model reference adaptive control architecture on a generic transport model developed by NASA. The set- theoretic model reference adaptive control allows the system error bound between the state of an uncertain dynamical system and the state of a given reference model to be less than a-priori, user-defined worst-case performance bound. Thus, it has the capability to enforce strict performance guarantees to the adaptively controlled uncertain dynamical systems. specifically, after designing set-theoretic adaptive controllers for both longitudinal and lateral-directional dynamics here, the efficacy of this architecture is illustrated on the NASA …

Linear Burn Rate Of Monopropellant For Multi-Mode Micropropulsion, Alex J. Mundahl, Steven P. Berg, Joshua L. Rovey

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Multi-mode micro propulsion is a technology that can enable rapidly composable small satellites with unprecedented mission flexibility. To maximize mission flexibility a multi-mode micro propulsion monopropellant must be shared between the chemical and electric propulsion modes. Previous research has identified a promising monopropellant that is both readily catalytically exothermically decomposed (chemical mode) and electro sprayable (electric mode). In this work the linear burn rate of this monopropellant is determined and used to aid the design of a microtube catalytic chemical thruster. Experiments with a pressurized fixed volume reactor are used to determine the linear burn rate. Benchmark experiments use a …

Electrospray Mass Spectroscopy Of A Han-Based Monopropellant, Mitchell J. Wainwright, Joshua L. Rovey, Shawn W. Miller, Benjamin D. Prince, Steven P. Berg

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A mixture of [Emim][EtSO4]-HAN is a potential propellant suitable in a multi-mode chemical-electric microtube-electrospray micro propulsion system. This paper reports experimental mass spectrum results for this liquid when electro sprayed in a 50 μm capillary emitter. Mass spectra from 0-600 amu were obtained over a variety of angles and flow rates from 2 pL/sec to 3 nL/sec in both cation and anion extraction mode. Effects of flow rate and angular orientation on the spectra agree well with literature. Results show at least three of the four monomer species are emitted, along with numerous other species, some of which have been …

Review Of Metal Am Simulation Validation Techniques, Aaron Flood, Frank W. Liou

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Due to the complexity of metal AM (additive manufacturing), it can require many trial runs to obtain processing parameters which produce a quality build. Because of this trial and error process, the drive for simulations of AM has grown significantly. A simulation only becomes useful to researchers if it can be shown that it is a true representation of the physical process being simulated. Each process being simulated has a different method of validation to show it is an accurate representation of the process. This paper explores the various methodologies for validation of laser-based metal AM simulations, focusing mainly on …

Industrial Robot Trajectory Accuracy Evaluation Maps For Hybrid Manufacturing Process Based On Joint Angle Error Analysis, Zhiyuan Wang, Renwei Liu, Todd E. Sparks, Xueyang Chen, Frank W. Liou

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Industrial robots have been widely used in various fields. The joint angle error is the main factor that affects the accuracy performance of the robot. It is important to notice that these kinematic parameters error cannot be eliminated from the robot system completely. Even after calibration, these errors still exist and will be fluctuated during the robot system running. This paper proposed a new method of finding the best position and orientation to perform a specific working path based on the current accuracy capacity of the robot system. By analyzing the robot forward/inverse kinematic and the angle error sensitivity of …

A Two-Dimensional Simulation Of Grain Structure Growth Within Substrate And Fusion Zone During Direct Metal Deposition, Jingwei Zhang, Lei Yan, Wei Li, Frank W. Liou

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this chapter, a predictive multiscale model based on a cellular automaton (CA)-finite element (FE) method has been developed to simulate thermal history and microstructure evolution during metal solidification for direct metal deposition (DMD) process. The macroscopic FE calculation that is validated by the thermocouple experiment is developed to simulate the transient temperature field and cooling rate of single layer and multiple layers. In order to integrate the different scales, a CA-FE coupled model is developed to combine with thermal history and simulate grain growth. In the mesoscopic CA model, heterogeneous nucleation sites, grain growth orientation and rate, epitaxial growth, …

Efficient Inverse Design Of Transonic Airfoils Using Variable-Resolution Models And Manifold Mapping, Xiaosong Du, Leifur Leifsson, Slawomir Koziel

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents an efficient approach for simulation-based inverse design of airfoil shapes using variable-fidelity computational fluid dynamics models and manifold mapping (MM). Inverse design involves determining an airfoil shape fulfilling a given target performance characteristic. In particular, the pressure coefficient distribution is typically used in aerodynamic inverse design. Such a task can be challenging when using computationally expensive simulations. In the context of local optimization, the MM technique searches for a new design in the vicinity of the current design by constructing a fast multi-fidelity model, which is setup by the available evaluations of each of the high- and …

Facile Synthesis Of Nanostructured Metal Borides And Composites For Applications In Sustainable Energy, Maalavan Arivu

Masters Theses

"Electrocatalytic water splitting is a promising solution for sustainable energy generation since one of the half reactions lead to the formation of H₂ which is a clean fuel. The other half of the reaction leading to O₂ evolution is an energy intensive process necessitating the need for an electrocatalyst to break the activation barrier for the commencement of the reaction. In this work we will focus on expanding the family of non-oxidic OER electro-catalysts, especially borides, whereby, apart from facilitating delocalization of electron cloud on the catalytically active transition metal site, low anion electronegativity and increased covalency in …

Bioaccessibility Of Lead From Contaminated Soil Using Phosphate Treatment -- Physiologically Based Extraction Test And In Vitro Gastrointestinal Method Test, Austin Charles Doss

Masters Theses

"Phosphate treatments are used to immobilize lead in soil by forming pyromorphite. Soil from Bonne Terre, Mo was collected to study whether such treatment decreases the bioaccessibility of lead. The soil was treated using 0.5 soil wt% of phosphate. Treatments were: none, phosphoric acid, triple super phosphate, and organic bone meal. Each sample was studied after one, four, sixteen, and twenty weeks; during this time span, water was added approximating the average rainfall rate. Percolated water was collected to test the leached phosphate concentrations. Phosphate was below the detection limit in that leachate. Remediated soil samples were used in Physiologically …

Computational Intelligence Methods For Predicting Fetal Outcomes From Heart Rate Patterns, Vinayaka Nagendra Harikishan Gude Divya Sampath

Masters Theses

"In this thesis, methods for evaluating the fetal state are compared to make predictions based on Cardiotocography (CTG) data. The first part of this research is the development of an algorithm to extract features from the CTG data. A feature extraction algorithm is presented that is capable of extracting most of the features in the SISPORTO software package as well as late and variable decelerations. The resulting features are used for classification based on both U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) categories and umbilical cord pH data. The first experiment uses the features to classify the results into three different …

Effect Of Variation Of Parameters On Biogas Production Using Aspen Plus & Dynamic Simulation Using Mimic, Shruti Shrikant Karambelkar

Masters Theses

"Design and management for Biogas production have gained significance in growing dependency on Renewable energy resources. This would need a detailed information on steady state and dynamic behavior of systems. In order to make this process environmentally ecofriendly, its needs a lot of improvisation on process simulation. Anaerobic digestion helps treat this inefficient water to be converted into water fit for effluent purposes.

Byproducts contain consists of organic, inorganic and wastes which lead to a high COD content and thus, cannot be discarded into the outlets. The anaerobic digestion process. A study of these effects with simulation need to be …

Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis Of Concrete Columns Subjected To Complex Loading, Adam Christopher Morgan

Masters Theses

"This study details the development and implementation of a finite element model within a commercial finite element code, Abaqus CAE, for the analysis of reinforced concrete (RC) bridge columns containing interlocking spirals subjected to combined loading conditions including axial, shear, bending, and torsional loads, including the post-peak response. The model is a first of its kind attempt at simulating the response of RC columns with continuous spiral transverse reinforcement and subjected to combined loading conditions including torsion. The model is utilized to determine the quasi-static load-deformation response under various proportions of the input loads and displacements. The resulting quasi-static load-deformations, …