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Mac3a And Mac3b, Two Core Subunits Of The Mos4-Associated Complex, Positively Influence Mirna Biogenesis, Shengjun Li, Kan Liu, Bangjun Zhou, Mu Li, Shuxin Zhang, Lirong Zeng, Chi Zhang, Bin Yu

Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty Publications

MAC3A and MAC3B are conserved U-box containing proteins in eukaryotes. They are subunits of the MOS4-associated complex (MAC) that plays essential roles in plant immunity and development in Arabidopsis. However, their functional mechanisms remain elusive. Here we show that Arabidopsis thaliana MAC3A and MAC3B act redundantly in microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis. Lack of both MAC3A and MAC3B in the mac3b mac3b double mutant reduces the accumulation of miRNAs, causing elevated transcript levels of miRNA targets. mac3a mac3b also decreases the levels of primary miRNA transcripts (pri-miRNAs). However, MAC3A and MAC3B do not affect the promoter activity of genes encoding miRNAs ( …

Changes In Abundance Of Silvetia Compressa At San Clemente Island Before And During The 2015–2016 El Niño, Suzanne Graham, Brian Hong, Samantha Mutschler, Brendan Saunders, Jessica Bredvik

United States Navy: Publications

Silvetia compressa is a common rocky intertidal fucoid that plays an important role in the community and has experienced widespread declines throughout California. The causes of these declines are unknown, but sea surface temperature (SST) is considered one of the dominant factors affecting intertidal algae. The 2015–2016 El Niño introduced anomalously high SSTs to southern California, which may have impacted rocky intertidal species. This study investigates temporal changes in abundance of S. compressa with respect to SST at 4 sites on San Clemente Island (SCI), California, from 2012 to 2016. Point-intercept data were used to quantify percent cover during biannual …

Changes In Abundance Of Silvetia Compressa At San Clemente Island Before And During The 2015–2016 El Niño, Suzanne Graham, Brian Hong, Samantha Mutschler, Brendan Saunders, Jessica Bredvik

United States Navy: Publications

Silvetia compressa is a common rocky intertidal fucoid that plays an important role in the community and has experienced widespread declines throughout California. The causes of these declines are unknown, but sea surface temperature (SST) is considered one of the dominant factors affecting intertidal algae. The 2015–2016 El Niño introduced anomalously high SSTs to southern California, which may have impacted rocky intertidal species. This study investigates temporal changes in abundance of S. compressa with respect to SST at 4 sites on San Clemente Island (SCI), California, from 2012 to 2016. Point-intercept data were used to quantify percent cover during …

Predicting Violent Behavior: What Can Neuroscience Add?, David L. Faigman

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Neuronal Glutamate Transporters Control Dopaminergic Signaling And Compulsive Behaviors, Annalisa Scimemi, Stefania Bellini, Kelsey E. Fleming, Modhurika De, John P. Mccauley, Maurice A. Petroccione, Lianna Y. D'Brant, Artem Tkachenko, Soyoung Kwon, Lindsey A. Jones

Biological Sciences Faculty Scholarship

There is an ongoing debate on the contribution of the neuronal glutamate transporter EAAC1 to the onset of compulsive behaviors. Here, we used behavioral, electrophysiological, molecular, and viral approaches in male and female mice to identify the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which EAAC1 controls the execution of repeated motor behaviors. Our findings show that, in the striatum, a brain region implicated with movement execution, EAAC1 limits group I metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluRI) activation, facilitates D1 dopamine receptor (D1R) expression, and ensures long-term synaptic plasticity. Blocking mGluRI in slices from mice lacking EAAC1 restores D1R expression and synaptic plasticity. Conversely, …

Synthetic Investigation Of Natural Products Causing Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration, Michael John Cunningham

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The terrestrial organisms Streptomyces venezuelae and Rhaponticum repens produce toxic secondary metabolites that likely function as chemical deterrents. The polyketide SV-6 from S. venezuelae and the sesquiterpene lactone repin from R. repens both produce dose-dependent and selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. These molecules represent two possible tools that can be used to explore chemotoxic induction of Parkinson’s disease. In the case of SV-6, a newly isolated metabolite, total synthesis was undertaken to confirm its structure and biological activity. The natural product was produced from methacrolein and Roche ester starting materials that were elaborated to their respective fragments, a vinyl iodide …

Effect Of Maternal Blood Heavy Metal Level On Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor And Pregnancy Outcomes Among Myanmar Migrants In Samut Sakhon Province, Thailand, Ye Htet Zaw

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

BACKGROUND: Lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic are the priority heavy metals of major public health concern in developing countries. Thailand is a newly industrialized country raising high human workloads of migrant workers form neighbored countries, mostly Myanmar. Exposure to these metals can cause cognitive impairment and depressive disorders through an effect on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is an important biomarker of pregnancy. Pregnancy outcomes including preeclampsia, preterm birth and low birth weight are major burdens for maternal and child health. Although a number of prior studies have examined the effects of heavy metals on pregnancy, there are few studies …

Climate Change Adaptation On Water Resource Management : A Case Study Of Pakokku Township, Magway Region, Myanmary, Khin Maung Soe

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The Earth's temperature has increased in recent decades and the climate has changed. The adverse effects of climate change on natural systems have also become evident since the mid of the twentieth century. Water resources are mainly affected by climate change, particularly in the central part of Myanmar that faced with water shortage. The objective of the research is to study climate change adaptation on water resource management at the Pakokku Township, Magway Region, Myanmar. The four villages, namely Shin Ma Kan, Pan Tine Chone, Paung Laung Kan and Kyee were selected as the study area because of drought and …

Water Resource Efficiency Towards Sustainable Tourism At Patong Municipality, Phuket Province, Thailand, Palida Rattanopas

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Tourism is one of the main incomes of Thailand that is directly contribute to the national GDP. Tourism affects not only on economic sector but also on the environment society. Sustainable tourism (ST) has become more important in conserving and maintaining natural resources for the next generation. The ST requires an efficient use of natural resources, particularly water resource. The objective of this research is to study water resource efficiency towards sustainable tourism at Patong Municipality, Kathu district of Phuket. Water shortage has taken place in Patong municipality for decades. A set of semi-structure questionnaires was used to in-depth interview …

Effect Of High- And Low-Molecular-Weight Hyaluronic-Acid-Functionalized-Az31 Mg And Ti Alloys On Proliferation And Differentiation Of Osteoblast Cells, Sankalp Agarwal, Brendan Duffy, James Curtin, Swarna Jaiswal

Articles

The quality of patient care has increased dramatically in recent years because of the development of lightweight orthopedic metal implants. The success of these orthopedic implants may be compromised by impaired cytocompatibility and osteointegration. Biomimetic surface engineering of metal implants using biomacromolecules including hyaluronic acid (HA) has been used an effective approach to provide conditions favorable for the growth of bone forming cells. To date, there have been limited studies on osteoblasts functions in response to metal substrates modified with the hyaluronic acid of different molecular weight for orthopedic applications. In this study, we evaluated the osteoblasts functions such as …

Proceedings Of The 2018 Undergraduate Research Conference, Ryan C. Winters, Courtney A. Suire, Dillard University, Mcneese State University, Northwestern State University Of Louisiana, Southeastern Louisiana University, University Of New Orleans, University Of Louisiana At Lafayette

Advance: Student Research Experience

Proceedings of the 2018 Undergraduate Research Conference, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, November 16-17, 2018. Supported by the University Honors Program, Office of the Vice-President for Research, LaCOEUR, College of Liberal Arts, College of Sciences, and College of Engineering.

Thick As Thieves? Big Pharma Wields Its Power With The Help Of Government Regulation, Leslie E. Sekerka, Lauren Benishek

Emory Business Law Review

Americans are barraged by an endless flow of ads that claim to remedy medical maladies with prescribed drugs. The commercials depict productive and happy lives, with suggestive associations that human flourishing can be achieved via pharmaceutical intervention. The appeals are accompanied by an exhaustive inventory of potentially negative life-altering side effects. As ads end with this depiction of relational bliss through drug use, viewers hear a fast-paced listing of monotone non-segmented disclaimers, which can range from modest impacts (e.g., slight weight gain) to very serious implications (e.g., suicidal ideations). Research suggests that hearing about the risks of use may increase …

Investigation Of Mercury Pathways From Dental Amalgam By Micro-Pixe, Wanwisa Sudprasert, Ridthee Meesat, Harry J. Whitlow, Armin B. De Vera, Naresh Deoli, Henry Udeogu

Louisiana Accelerator Center

Mercury amalgams are still widely used in dentistry in many countries. There is considerable concern about uptake of Hg in both the patient and environment. It is an interesting question if the pathway is by Hg diffusion through the tissue of the tooth or dissolution in saliva or direct evaporation through inhaled air into the lung. Our previous study [1] of a high-Cu amalgam showed no evidence of diffusion through the enamel. However, a compositional change was observed on the biting surface of the amalgam which is indicative of tribochemical changes. To investigate if the above observation was true for …

Irradiation Effects Of Mev Protons On Dry And Hydrated Brassica Rapa Seeds, Naresh T. Deoli, Karl H. Hasenstein

Louisiana Accelerator Center

Although space radiation is a known risk for space travel and eventual colonization of Moon or Mars, relatively few data exist on radiation effects on potential crop plants. We studied ���������������� �������� to assess the tolerance of seeds and seedlings to radiation by exposing dry and hydrated ��. �������� seeds to 1, 2 and 3 MeV proton ions of various fluences and examined the effect on germination and root growth. Modeling penetration depth with SRIM code indicated that the applied energy was insufficient to penetrate the seeds; therefore, all energy was deposited into the tissue. Subsequent germination varied based on …

Mev Ion Exposure Behavior Of Pmma Resist Polymer Studied By Synchrotron Light Spectroscopies, Rattanaporn Norarat, Karuna Jainontee, Wanlapaporn Thianthaisong, Sukonlaphat Sriwang, Hideki Nakajima, Orapin Chienthavorn, Edouard Guibert, Harry J. Whitlow

Louisiana Accelerator Center

The behaviour of poly-(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resist exposed with 2 MeV¹ H⁺ and 6 MeV¹² C³⁺ ions has been investigated by using the photo-electron spectroscopy (PES) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) techniques. Preliminary PES results were difficult to analyse without special precautions to counteract surface charging. XAS was on the other hand almost insensitive to the effects of surface charging. XAS investigations of the bonding in the near surface and deeper in PMMA revealed significant changes of the bonding of carbon atoms at fluences correspond to clearing (positive resist mode) and cross-linking (negative resist mode). In the clearing fluence regime …

There’S Nowhere To Hide: Artificial Intelligence And Privacy In The Fourth Industrial Revolution, Sarah Denton, Eleonore Pauwels, Yujia He, Walter G. Johnson

Patterson School of Diplomacy and International Commerce Faculty Publications

At its core, artificial intelligence (AI) optimizes data. Machine-learning algorithms, one component of AI, are trained using massive datasets curated by humans to predict various aspects of our daily lives. Such predictive intelligence could be a positive force amplified by continued decentralization of the technology. Or, ubiquitous cognition and surveillance could be a disruptive force amplified by the unregulated proliferation of AI technologies. Yet, though we will certainly see more and more AI systems being integrated into every facet of our infrastructures, homes, and bodies, the proliferation of AI technology isn’t the problem. A privacy-security quagmire arises from the interconnectivity …

Effects Of Yoga Nidra On Physical And Psychological Health, Rajnish Chandra Tripathi

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

The present study examines the effects of yoga nidra on the physical and psychological health of middle-aged individuals. Yoga nidra is a powerful relaxation and meditation technique derived from traditional yoga. A group of 100 male participants aged 35-45 years from Varanasi City were recruited for this study. They were examined with physical and psychological health measures, and they were then introduced to a training program for practicing yoga nidra. The training program was scheduled for 12 weeks, 5 days a week. The training program was introduced to the participants over approximately 60 minutes in the morning …

Aspects Of White-Tailed Deer Ecology And Management: Effects Of Imidacloprid And An Evaluation Of Management At Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge, Elise Hughes Berheim

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

White-tail deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are an economically and recreationally important species throughout their range, and understanding their ecology to implement beneficial management techniques is invaluable. This thesis focused on two studies 1) the effect of Imidacloprid on adult female and fawn physiology and 2) an evaluation of techniques to monitor white-tailed deer at Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge (GSNWR). Imidacloprid, a widely-used pesticide, has been linked to lethal and sub-lethal effects in insects and small vertebrates, however, no research has been conducted on white-tailed deer. Twenty captive pregnant adult female and subsequent fawns housed at the South Dakota …

Impacts On Salmonid Rearing Performance With Use Of Dietary Bioprocessed Plant-Based Protein And Water Velocity, Jill Voorhees

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The inclusion of bioprocessed soybean (Glycine max) meal was evaluated in five experiments using either Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) or Brown Trout (Salmo trutta). In the first experiment, adult Erwin x Arlee strain Rainbow Trout were fed diets formulated so that bioprocessed soybean meal (BSM) replaced 0, 60, or 80% of the dietary fishmeal. There were no significant differences in gain, percent gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, intestinal morphology, relative fin lengths, or organosomatic indices. In the second experiment, juvenile Plymouth strain Brown Trout were fed diets formulated so that BSM replaced 0, 60, 80, or 100% of …

Vulnerability Of Protected Areas To Human Encroachment, Climate Change And Fire In The Fragmented Tropical Forests Of West Africa, Francis Kwabena Dwomoh

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The Upper Guinean region of West Africa is home to some of the most globally significant tropical biodiversity hotspots, providing ecosystem services that are crucial for the region’s socio-economic and environmental wellbeing. Nonetheless, following decades of human-caused destruction of natural habitats, protected areas currently remain the only significant refugia of original vegetation relics in landscapes that are highly fragmented. Aside from having strong geographic variation in land use, climate, vegetation, and human population, the region has also experienced remarkable biophysical and socio-economic changes in recent decades. All these factors influence the fire regime and the vulnerability of forests within protected …

Regulation Of Local Auxin Metabolism During Soybean Nodule Development, Suresh Damodaran

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Legume-rhizobia symbiosis leads to the development of secondary root organs called nodules. Rhizobia bacteria housed inside nodules assimilate atmospheric nitrogen and convert them into plant usable forms thereby reducing the need for fertilizer application in crop legumes like soybean. Nodule development is a coordinated process orchestrated by multiple plant hormones. In soybean, the auxin responsive gene expression was detected in nodule primordia and in the periphery of mature nodules, primarily in nodule vasculature. Auxin hypersensitivity reduces nodule formation in soybean and also polar auxin transport inhibition at the site of nodule development is not crucial for determinate nodule formation. Therefore, …

Quantifying The Short-Term Impacts Of Cover Crops And Grazing On Soil Health Under An Integrated Crop-Livestock System In South Dakota, Vishal Seth

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Cover crops and grazing under Integrated Crop-Livestock System (ICLS) can impact the rhizosphere nutrient cycling and may have potential to increase the long-term sustainability and economic profitability of agricultural production system. In South Dakota, crop production practices and livestock husbandry are both common which provide the opportunity for ICLS to be successful in this region. However, little is known about the impacts of the cover crops and grazing under ICLS on soil properties in this region. The present study was conducted at South Dakota State University Research Farm (44°20'34.8"N, 96°48'14.8"W), Brookings, SD, to quantify the impacts of cover crops and …

Palmer Amaranth In South Dakota: Growth, Herbicidal Control, And Soybean Yield Loss, Brian Van De Stroet

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Palmer amaranth is a growing concern in the United States. Previously thought to only be able to occupy the southern United States, this plant can now be found throughout the northern states as well. Infestations of Palmer amaranth can now be found in South Dakota and is raising many concerns. Palmer amaranth is characterized by large growth and can be highly competitive with many important crops. Soybean is an important crop in South Dakota, as well as the rest of the world, and has not escaped the detrimental aspects of an infestation of Palmer amaranth. The objectives of this study …

Surveillance Of South Dakota Mosquito Abundance, Infection Rate, And Insecticide Susceptibility, Geoffrey P. Vincent

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The aim of this dissertation was to survey and evaluate the abundance, infection rate, and insecticide susceptibility of mosquito fauna present in South Dakota. Mosquito surveillance has been conducted across South Dakota to record and track potential West Nile virus (WNV) vectors from 2004 to 2017. The nuisance mosquito Aedes vexans was found to be the most abundant species overall in the state and most abundant in many of the regions. The WNV vector, Culex tarsalis, was found to be the second most abundant mosquito and the most abundant vector mosquito across the state. However, geospatial variation did exist between …

Adaptive Interventions Treatment Modelling And Regimen Optimization Using Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trials (Smart) And Q-Learning, Abiral Baniya

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Nowadays, pharmacological practices are focused on a single best treatment to treat a disease which sounds impractical as the same treatment may not work the same way for every patient. Thus, there is a need of shift towards more patient-centric rather than disease-centric approach, in which personal characteristics of a patient or biomarkers are used to determine the tailored optimal treatment. The “one size fits all” concept is contradicted by research area of personalized medicine. The Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial (SMART) is a multi-stage trials to inform the development of dynamic treatment regimens (DTR’s). In SMART, a subject is …

Map-Based Cloning And Molecular Characterization Of The Seed Dormancy 10 Locus In Rice (Oryza Sativa L.), Wirat Pipatpongpinyo

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Seed dormancy is a key adaptive trait of both ecological and agricultural importance. Although many quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been associated with seed dormancy in cereal crops or model plants, a majority of them remain unknown for molecular identities and functions. Cereal crops and wild/weedy relatives usually have weak and strong seed dormancy, respectively, such as Asian cultivated rice vs. weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.). Previous research identified a set of seed dormancy QTL, including qSD10, in single plant-derived BC₁F₂ and BC₁F₃ populations from the backcross between the weedy rice line SS18-2 …

Identification Of Qtl Modifying The Activity Of The Tcb1-S Locus And Characterization And Sequencing Of Two Plutonium-Beryllium Induced Reduced Gametophyte Transmission Mutants In Maize, Merritt Bryer Burch

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This thesis is split into two independent projects both involving the male gametophyte generation of maize. The first project looks at how pollen interacts with the female gametophyte to reduce its transmission in cross-incompatible reactions controlled by the unilateral cross-incompatibility system, teosinte crossing barrier 1. The second project explores two plutonium-beryllium induced male gametophyte mutants and attempts to uncover their genetic basis.

Identification of QTL Modifying the Activity of the Tcb1-s Locus
Teosinte crossing barrier 1 (Tcb1) is a unilateral cross-incompatibility system present in maize that provides a pre-zygotic pistil barrier to plants carrying Tcb1-s (strong allele) from pollen …

Effects Of Yogurt Fortification With Different Legumes Protein On The Physio-Chemical, Microbiological, And Rheological Properties, Prachi Pahariya

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Nowadays, yogurt (a nutritious fermented dairy product) is getting popular around all over the world due to beneficial action provided by bacteria present in yogurt culture. Along with that, diet plans, which are high in protein and low in fat, has become appealing for growing healthy conscious population that makes a huge shift toward plantbased protein consumption. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to study the effects of yogurt fortification with extracted protein of different beans (legumes)- pinto and kidney beans on the physio-chemical (Moisture, Fat, Protein, Ash, Total Solids Content (TSC), pH, Titratable Acidity (TA), Water Holding …

Dissecting Rna Silencing Pathways In Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum, Pauline Mochama

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

RNA silencing, also known as RNA interference, is an essential mechanism in plants, animals and fungi that functions in gene regulation and defense against foreign nucleic acids. In fungi, RNA silencing has been shown to function primarily in defense against invasive nucleic acids. RNA-silencing- deficient fungi show increased susceptibility to virus infection. Plant pathogenic fungi also utilize RNA silencing to silence plant host immunity genes through the delivery of fungal small RNAs into plants. This cross-kingdom RNA silencing facilitates fungal infection of plants. Overall, these findings demonstrate the significant contributions of fungal RNA silencing pathways to fungal virulence and viral …

Statistical Algorithms And Bioinformatics Tools Development For Computational Analysis Of High-Throughput Transcriptomic Data, Adam Mcdermaid

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Next-Generation Sequencing technologies allow for a substantial increase in the amount of data available for various biological studies. In order to effectively and efficiently analyze this data, computational approaches combining mathematics, statistics, computer science, and biology are implemented. Even with the substantial efforts devoted to development of these approaches, numerous issues and pitfalls remain. One of these issues is mapping uncertainty, in which read alignment results are biased due to the inherent difficulties associated with accurately aligning RNA-Sequencing reads. GeneQC is an alignment quality control tool that provides insight into the severity of mapping uncertainty in each annotated gene from …