Digital Commons Network^™

Committed Women: Explaining Rising U.S. Female Imprisonment 1990-2010, Ellen L. Tyler

Economics Honors Projects

Female prison admissions grew 62% between 1990 and 2010, while arrests for females over the same period only increased by 14%. As a larger portion of arrested women have been sent to prison over time, it seems that increased prison admissions over time are not due only to more women committing crimes, but also to more severe punishment for arrested females. Using data on arrests, prison admissions, and county characteristics, I examine factors in the increased arrest rate and imprisonment rate for females and males according to offense type over 1990 to 2010 using panel regressions with county and state-time …

The Power Of The Documentary: Examining The Effectiveness Of Ava Duvernay’S 13th, Sara E. Juarez

Cinesthesia

No abstract provided.

Kratom Crackdown: How The Dea Abused Its Emergency Scheduling Authority Under The Controlled Substances Act, Olivia Castillo

University of Miami Law Review

The Drug Enforcement Administration wields tremendous power at scheduling a new drug or substance on an emergency basis under the Controlled Substances Act. The DEA newly leveled this power at a plant—kratom—with the potential to curb the menacing opioid epidemic in North America. This unprecedented effort has generated considerable controversy. Many individuals remonstrated the agency’s action, especially those facing life-threatening hardships because of the opioid crisis. Members of Congress also took a stand against the DEA’s unrivalled move to schedule kratom, suggesting that the agency had abused the emergency scheduling authority delegated by the legislative branch.

This Comment explores the …

Spring 2018 Symposium For Research & Creative Inquiry Program, Digital Commons

Spring Showcase for Research and Creative Inquiry

No abstract provided.

The (Mis)Application Of Rule 404(B) Heuristics, Dora W. Klein

University of Miami Law Review

In all of the federal circuit courts of appeals, application of Rule 404(b) of the Federal Rules of Evidence has been distorted by judicially-created “tests” that, while intended to assist trial courts in properly admitting or excluding evidence, do not actually test for the kind of evidence prohibited by this rule. Rule 404(b) prohibits evidence of “crimes, wrongs, or other acts” if the purpose for admitting the evidence is to prove action in accordance with a character trait. This evidence is commonly referred to as “propensity” evidence, or “once a drug dealer, always a drug dealer” evidence.

This Article examines …

The Prospector, April 24, 2018, Utep Student Publications

The Prospector

Headline: Arts and Entertainment Issue: Creating a Space for Creatives

Safety At Schools: Identifying The Costs Associated With The Necessary Safeguards For Arming Educators, Spencer C. Weiler, Luke Cornelius, Jacob D. Skousen

The Rural Educator

Editors’ note: The Rural Educator publishes a policy brief each issue, intended to explore topics pertinent to rural education policy and advocacy. The issue of school safety is particularly timely, especially for rural schools. We believe this essay, based on surveys of school leaders in Colorado, takes a unique perspective by examining the financial costs that might be associated with policies to place guns in schools.

The Ticker, April 23, 2018

The Ticker

The Ticker is the student newspaper of Baruch College. It has been published continuously since 1932, when the Baruch College campus was the School of Business and Civic Administration of the City College of New York.

Gettysburg Against Gun Violence, Chentese Stewart

SURGE

On April 4th, the 50th Anniversary of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Saheed Vassell, a 34 year old black man, was shot nine times and killed in Crown Heights, Brooklyn, NY. Plain clothes police officers responded to several calls complaining of a man walking through the streets pointing gun at people. They later found out that Saheed was unarmed, and the object in his hand was merely a showerhead.

Saheed had a history of mental illness, and was diagnosed with bipolar disorder years prior. He was well known by longtime residents of the neighborhood who described him …

2018 April 23 - Graduate Council Minutes, College Of Graduate And Continuing Studies, East Tennessee State University

Graduate Council Agendas and Minutes

No abstract provided.

Victimization: Its Impact On Masculinity And Criminal Offending, Shon M. Reed, Alexis Kennedy

Graduate Research Symposium (2018 - present)

Male victims are an underrepresented group within society. Prior research has indicated that male vic,ms may feel a diminished sense of their own masculinity. Criminology has iden,fied that masculinity does play a role in some men’s decisions to engage in criminal behavior (Messerschmidt, 1993, 2016). It seems logical that these two concepts would be related. Utlizing self­‐reported data from 135 college males, the current study analyzes the rela,onship between childhood vic,miza,on, masculinity beliefs, and the decision to engage in criminal/delinquent behavior.

Assessing Bias In Regression Estimates Using Monte Carlo Simulations: Examples In Criminal Justice Research, Matthew P. West, Melissa Rorie, Mark A. Cohen

Graduate Research Symposium (2018 - present)

Can we trust published results? Problems with bias in reported results: “Do social scientists even know anything?” Failed replications (“repligate”). Inaccurate inferences about important relationships (Type I and Type II errors). Inaccurate power analyses for future studies. To avoid these problems, researchers need tools to rigorously evaluate statistical models. The Monte Carlo method is one tool that can be used to evaluate bias in model estimates

Commentary: Why We Need To Stop Fining Big Banks Like Wells Fargo, Mehrsa Baradaran

Popular Media

When big banks behave badly, they know that the worst thing they’ll get is a fine; no one is going to end up in jail. Instead, shareholders end up paying the cost, not the bank employees responsible. Shareholders are a diffuse group of investors, many of whom hold shares as a part of a diverse portfolio. They are not the ones who commit such fraud, nor do they have much power to change the bank’s day-to-day operations.

Clearly fines don’t work to prevent misconduct. We should instead rely on the constitutional method of dealing with wrongdoing: the criminal justice system.

This Week In Class, Georgia Southern University

Arts & Humanities: News & Publications (2009-2023)

No abstract provided.

2017-2018 Lindenwood University Honors Convocation, Lindenwood University

Honors Convocation Programs

2017-2018 Lindenwood University Honors Convocation

The Influence Of Religion On The Criminal Behavior Of Emerging Adults, Christopher Salvatore, Gabriel Rubin

Department of Justice Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Recent generations of young adults are experiencing a new life course stage: emerging adulthood. During this ‘new’ stage of the life course, traditional social bonds and turning points may not be present, may be delayed, or may not operate in the same manner as they have for prior generations. One such bond, religion, is examined here. Focusing on the United States, emerging adulthood is investigated as a distinct stage of the life course. The criminality of emerging adults is presented, a theoretical examination of the relationship between religion and crime is provided, the role of religion in emerging adults’ lives …

Patriarchy And The Structure Of Employment In Criminal Justice: Differences In The Experiences Of Men And Women Working In The Legal Profession, Corrections, And Law Enforcement, Candice Batton, Emily M. Wright

Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications

Feminist scholars have long argued that patriarchy affects the structure and organization of society as well as the lived experiences of men and women. Although often referenced in discussions of gender differences in crime and justice, few have articulated more specifically the link between patriarchy and gender differences in the experiences of men and women as victims, offenders, or workers. We take up the challenge to theorize patriarchy and examine the extent to which it operates as an organizing principle with regard to employment in the criminal justice system. We consider differences in the representation of men and women working …

Are Drug Treatment Programs In Prison Effective In Reducing Recidivism Rates?, Kallysta Tanguay

Academic Festival

Much of the United States prison population consists of offenders who have some sort of substance abuse problem. There are now substance abuse treatment programs that are offered in prisons to help rehabilitate these offenders in hopes that they will not commit further crimes once they are released into the community. The question is, are these drug treatment programs offered in prison effective in reducing recidivism rates? The proposed study involving therapeutic drug treatment communities in 20 different prisons can help determine this. Individuals chosen to participate in the drug treatment program within the prison will be compared to another …

Needle Return In Needle Exchange Programs, Stephanie Spaulding

COLA Research and Creativity Conference

Needle Return in Needle Exchange Programs

The first NEP (Needle Exchange Program) was in Amsterdam, Netherlands in 1984, followed four years later by the first U.S. NEP in 1988 in Tacoma, Washington (The Center for Innovative Public Policies, 2012). NEPs have been shown to reduce risk of disease, and prior studies suggest that individuals who participate in such programs are more likely to enter recovery from opioid addiction, making them an important public health intervention. The worldwide average for needle return in NEPs is around 90% (Ksobiech, 2004). With the needle return rate in Huntington being around 60%-70%, it is …

An End To Arbitrary And Capricious Federal Sentencing Guidelines, Henry D. Stegner

Idaho Law Review

No abstract provided.

Til It Happens To You: Providing Victims Of Sexual Assault With Their Own Legal Representation, Erin J. Heuring

Idaho Law Review

No abstract provided.

Title Ix Violations Arising From Title Ix Investigations: The Snake Is Eating Its Own Tail, Joe Dryden, David Stader, Jeanne L. Surface

Idaho Law Review

In 2011, the Department of Education Office of Civil Rights published a Dear Colleague Letter (DCL) detailing the department’s views on the roles and responsibilities of colleges and universities under Title IX specifically as they relate to allegations of sexual assault. Numerous studies conclude that close to 1 in 5 college women are sexually assaulted while enrolled in institutions of higher education. Many of these studies are flawed yet they are being used as the justification for administrative overreach. Despite not having the legal authority, the DCL changed the legal standard to be applied when conducting sexual assault investigations from …

Reforming By Re-Norming: How The Legal System Has The Potential To Change A Toxic Culture Of Domestic Violence, Melissa L. Breger

Journal of Legislation

No abstract provided.

The Parthenon, April 20, 2018, Tom Jenkins

The Parthenon

The Parthenon, Marshall University’s student newspaper, was published by students Monday through Friday during the regular semester and weekly on Thursdays during the summer. Due to budgetary constraints, beginning with the 2016 Fall semester, the newspaper is only published two days a week. Physical issues are printed on Tuesdays and Fridays. The editorial staff is responsible for the news and the editorial content.

Sentencing Enhancement For Aggravating Role: The Need For The Numerosity Test As The Legal Standard For The "Otherwise Extensive" Criminal Activity Determination, Nicole Borczyk

Journal of Legislation

No abstract provided.

Do Students Feel Safe On Campus? A Policy Evaluation Of The Clery Act, Amanda Sidwell

Honors Theses

The Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policy and Campus Crime Statistics Act (the Clery Act) is federal policy aimed at creating safer college campuses. It attempts to provide students with statistics on crimes that occur on campus and inform them of the security policies and various resources available to them. The Clery Act also mandates that institutions of higher education (IHE) send out alerts of emergencies that occur on campus.

So how safe do Western Michigan University (WMU or “Western”) students feel on campus? This study attempted to answer this question by asking students through a survey. The students’ …

A Comprehensive Study On The Application Of The Theory Of African American Offending, Janice C. Simon

Honors College Theses

Racial disparity in the Criminal Justice System (CJS) has always been a hot button topic of discussion and the question of whether it exist or not. In the last few decades race and crime have become the overwhelming media topic and it has gone up in flames over the recent killings of young, unarmed, African American men by police officers. However, this study examines and confirms that racial disparity occurs at every level of the CJS, while subsequently explaining how and why society believes the stereotypes and why African Americans effectively exhibit this stereotype.

The Inside-Out Prison Exchange Program: Attitudes Towards Prisoners As Reported By College Students, Laurel M. Sabadosh

Honors College Theses

The Inside-Out Prison Exchange Program involves students from Georgia Southern University and inmates from Smith State Prison who interact and hope to receive a deeper understanding of the justice system through experiential learning. This style of learning has demonstrated greater effectiveness in learning outcomes and a more positive student experience compared to classical, lecture-based learning. No previous research has compared changes in perceptions of students in the Inside-Out Program to a lecture based course of the same content. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in students’ attitudes towards prisoners over eight weeks between participants in the Inside-Out …

Honors Research Symposium Program Spring 2018, Georgia Southern University

Honors College: News & Publications (2008-2020)

No abstract provided.

Selecting The Best Of The Best: Associations Between Anthropometric And Fitness Assessment Results And Success In Police Specialist Selection, Robin (Rob) Marc Orr, Erin Caust, Benjamin Hinton, Rodney Pope

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(4): 785-796, 2018. To successfully complete specialist police selection, officers must be physically fit. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between performance on selected anthropometric and fitness tests and successful selection into a specialist police unit. Thirty-two male police officers (mean age = 29.48±4.99 years) participated in a Barrier Fitness Assessment (BFA), followed by a Specialist Selection Course (SSC). The BFA spanned two consecutive days of testing (pull-ups, push-ups, seven-stage sit-ups, a timed loaded pack march, a Multi-Stage Fitness Test, an agility run, a lift and carry task and a 300m …