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2018

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Diet, Physical Activity, And Healthy Aging In People Living With Hiv, Josh Newson Muhammad Jan 2018

Diet, Physical Activity, And Healthy Aging In People Living With Hiv, Josh Newson Muhammad

All ETDs from UAB

As life expectancy for people living with HIV (PLWH) has increased, healthy aging in this community has become an emerging public health concern. Although the benefits of adopting healthy diets and regular physical activity are well-documented, implementing strategies for lifestyle modifications among older PLWH remains a challenge. The complex milieu of social, physiological and economic burdens encountered by PLWH exposes this population to increased risk for adverse health outcomes, especially from preventable metabolic diseases. The interaction of diet, physical activity and social determinants of health in persons who are HIV positive is an understudied area. The aim of this dissertation …

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Immune Modulation Of Pain And Recovery Via Diet, Stacie Totsch Jan 2018

Immune Modulation Of Pain And Recovery Via Diet, Stacie Totsch

All ETDs from UAB

Chronic pain is the most common disability in the United States. Additionally, one out of three adults in America are obese and obesity and pain are often comorbid. Obesity is an inflammatory state due to the release of pro-inflammatory mediators from adipose tissue. Generally, obesity is a result of a poor-quality diet. Specific dietary components and patterns are independent activators of the immune system and can exacerbate the obesity-induced inflammatory state. It is known that immune system activation is a critical aspect in the development and progression of many chronic pain conditions. To address a general lack of preclinical investigations …

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Reaching Consensus On Global Health Nursing Competencies For Baccalaureate Nursing Education In The United States: A Delphi Method Study, Herica Maria Torres-Alzate Jan 2018

Reaching Consensus On Global Health Nursing Competencies For Baccalaureate Nursing Education In The United States: A Delphi Method Study, Herica Maria Torres-Alzate

All ETDs from UAB

The purpose of this study was to reach consensus among experts on global health competencies for baccalaureate nursing students in the United States. A Nursing Global Health Competencies Framework (NGHCF) was created to guide identification of the domains and competencies for BSN nursing education. A three-round modified Delphi study intersected with a mixed methods research approach to reach consensus from experts in global health on essential global health competencies in nursing. The first phase revised the original list of competencies based on: (a) qualitative responses to the surveys conducted by Wilson et al. (2012), Ventura et al. (2014), and Warren …

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Factors Assocaited With Sedentary Lifestyle In Women Participants In Calm (Counseling And Lifestyle Management) Study, Amber Watts Jan 2018

Factors Assocaited With Sedentary Lifestyle In Women Participants In Calm (Counseling And Lifestyle Management) Study, Amber Watts

All ETDs from UAB

Significant evidence has identified the importance of physical activity to the overall health and reduction in disease among humans. The World Health Organization (WHO) has implemented physical activity recommendations as guidelines to increase physical activity among the world population. However, evidence continues to show high levels of self-reported physical inactivity and growing prevalence of related chronic diseases (i.e. type 2 diabetes, stroke, and obesity), particularly among women. To increase participants߀™ knowledge of the benefits of physical activity and reduction of barriers continues to be focal point of interventions. However, studies indicate including more social, theory and cognitive aspects to these …

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Combinatorial Withaferin A And Sulforaphane And Their Potential Roles In Breast Cancer Prevention And Therapy, Kendra Jeanine Royston Jan 2018

Combinatorial Withaferin A And Sulforaphane And Their Potential Roles In Breast Cancer Prevention And Therapy, Kendra Jeanine Royston

All ETDs from UAB

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and is a devastating disease. Breast cancer is of particular interest because it is a major cause of cancer-related fatality in women in the United States. To date, more than 40,000 women are expected to die due to breast cancer and more than 200,000 will be diagnosed every year. Despite numerous advancements in the field, breast cancer remedies can be harsh and while life may be prolonged, the quality of life may decrease. This being said, preventive measures and less harsh treatment options are needed to help eliminate breast cancer as a …

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Molecular Characterization Of The Rare Cftr Mutation P67l As A Model For Genotype-Specific Drug Development And Personalized Medicine In Cystic Fibrosis, Carleen Mae Pomperada Sabusap Jan 2018

Molecular Characterization Of The Rare Cftr Mutation P67l As A Model For Genotype-Specific Drug Development And Personalized Medicine In Cystic Fibrosis, Carleen Mae Pomperada Sabusap

All ETDs from UAB

The traditional CFTR functional defect subcategories (i.e. protein misfolding, gating, conductance, etc.) are sometimes inadequate for determining patients most likely to benefit from emerging modulator treatment. We employ the P67L variant as emblematic of ways a thorough biochemical analysis of a rare CF defect can guide new therapeutic approaches, help predict drug response, and facilitate clinical precision. Historically, P67L has been designated a class IV conductance abnormality (i.e., malformed ion pore). In contrast, our studies demonstrate P67L disrupts CFTR protein maturation, prompts misfolding, causes gating defects, and exhibits wild-type like conductance. We show that P67L CFTR is robustly rescued by …

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Understanding The Role Of Social Media In Breastfeeding: A Mixed Methods Study, Kara Skelton Jan 2018

Understanding The Role Of Social Media In Breastfeeding: A Mixed Methods Study, Kara Skelton

All ETDs from UAB

Background: Breastfeeding is well known as the optimal source of nutrition for the first year of life. However, suboptimal exclusively breastfeeding rates in the US are still prevalent despite numerous calls to action at the national level. A mixed-methods study was conducted to explore social media group’ impact on breastfeeding related knowledge, attitudes and behaviors. Participants were recruited from one online social media pro-breastfeeding group. Online Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 21 women; Key Informant Interviews were conducted with 12 mothers. Qualitative data were aggregated for thematic analysis. A survey was developed based on findings from the qualitative …

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The Influence Of Child, Parent, And Context Factors On Children’S Traffic Injury Risk, Emma Sartin Goodman Jan 2018

The Influence Of Child, Parent, And Context Factors On Children’S Traffic Injury Risk, Emma Sartin Goodman

All ETDs from UAB

Child restraint systems, like car seats and booster seats, are effective at preventing serious injury and death for children involved in motor vehicle collisions. Despite this, the majority of families in the United States either do not use, or incorrectly use, child restraint systems. Further, racial minorities are consistently reported to have higher rates of child restraint system non- and misuse than their White peers; research has yet to explain this relationship with previously hypothesized factors (e.g., caregiver education, sources of information). The overall objective of this project was to explain how child, caregiver, and context factors interacted to influence …

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Examining Kindergarten Teachers' Beliefs About And Implementation Of School, Family, And Community Partnerships In Saudi Arabia, Najla Albaiz Jan 2018

Examining Kindergarten Teachers' Beliefs About And Implementation Of School, Family, And Community Partnerships In Saudi Arabia, Najla Albaiz

All ETDs from UAB

The research examined kindergarten teachers’ beliefs and implementation of school, family, and community partnerships (SFCPs) in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. It used Epstein’s model of SFCPs including the following practices: parenting, communicating, volunteering, learning at home, decision-making, and collaborating with the community. Two strands were employed: the quantitative obtained teachers’ beliefs and implementation of the SFCP practices by surveying a sample of 266 teachers from 126 public kindergartens. The follow up qualitative strand included a purposeful sample of 12 teachers to explore their experiences with SFCPs within three different social and economic areas (SEAs): High, middle, and low SEAs. Two-way …

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Examining The Relationship Between Teacher Beliefs, Prekindergartener’S Self-Regulation And Classroom Quality: Informing Professional Development Programs, Cailin Jane Kerch Jan 2018

Examining The Relationship Between Teacher Beliefs, Prekindergartener’S Self-Regulation And Classroom Quality: Informing Professional Development Programs, Cailin Jane Kerch

All ETDs from UAB

The purpose of this convergent parallel, mixed methods study was to examine and explore the relationship between subjective teacher beliefs, classroom quality, and pre-kindergartener’s self-regulatory abilities within a publicly funded pre-kindergarten program. Teacher subjective beliefs (beliefs of classroom management, classroom practice, and beliefs of children) were studied operantly using Q-Methodology, in addition to, audio-recorded focus groups to explore the lived experience of teachers within the sample (n = 20). Classroom quality was measured using the Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS) and pre-kindergartener’s self-regulatory abilities were studied using pre/post proxy items from the Devereux Early Childhood Assessment for Preschoolers, Second Edition …

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The Effects Of Glucose And Amino Acid Restriction On Protein Turnover And Micro-Rna Composition In The Muscle Of Rainbow Trout, Mary Neslund Latimer Jan 2018

The Effects Of Glucose And Amino Acid Restriction On Protein Turnover And Micro-Rna Composition In The Muscle Of Rainbow Trout, Mary Neslund Latimer

All ETDs from UAB

Changes in nutritional status, through glucose and amino acid restriction, have the ability to augment both the protein turnover and micro-RNA (miR) composition in the skeletal muscle of rainbow trout in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, the restriction of glucose in the media for a period of 24h was able to reduce protein synthesis by 41.2% compared to control conditions. In addition, 48h of glucose restriction affected the expression of both mstn2a and igfbp5, genes involved in muscle growth dynamics and synthesis. The restriction of amino acids, specifically the amino acid methionine, in vitro was able to reduce the …

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Gender-Specific Facilitators And Barriers To Health-Related Quality Of Life In Adults With Cystic Fibrosis: A Mixed Methods Study, Leigh Ann Bray Jan 2018

Gender-Specific Facilitators And Barriers To Health-Related Quality Of Life In Adults With Cystic Fibrosis: A Mixed Methods Study, Leigh Ann Bray

All ETDs from UAB

BACKGROUND: With the life expectancy of individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) doubling over the last two decades, it is critical that healthcare providers address both quantity and quality of life. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) encompasses physical, social, psychological, and functional aspects of daily living and how CF impacts each one. Women with CF consistently report having an overall poorer quality of life across international studies, but the cause of the gender difference is unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore gender differences in HRQoL and then build upon those results to better understand gender-specific facilitators and barriers …

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Parental Self-Efficacy, Feeding Practices, And Weight Gain During Infancy: A Secondary Analysis, Jessica Bahorski Jan 2018

Parental Self-Efficacy, Feeding Practices, And Weight Gain During Infancy: A Secondary Analysis, Jessica Bahorski

All ETDs from UAB

Mechanisms contributing to childhood obesity begin during early life, including infant feeding practices and an excessive rate of infant growth. Parental decisions regarding their infant contribute to these mechanisms. Parental self-efficacy (PSE) is the belief parents have in their ability to accomplish the tasks of parenting and is associated with infant outcomes. A high sense of PSE, breastfeeding self-efficacy, or self-efficacy for feeding has been found to be associated with healthy infant feeding practices. However, this research is limited in scope and has not been conducted in populations at greatest risk for childhood obesity such as low-income or African-American infants. …

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Effect Of Dietary Compounds In Epigenetic Modulation And Microbial Alteration And Their Roles In Breast Tumor Inhibition, Bidisha Paul Jan 2018

Effect Of Dietary Compounds In Epigenetic Modulation And Microbial Alteration And Their Roles In Breast Tumor Inhibition, Bidisha Paul

All ETDs from UAB

Breast cancer is a major cause of cancer death among women in the United States. Current methods of chemoprevention and therapy have cytotoxic effects and have several short-term and long-term side effects. Therefore, the use of natural dietary bioactive compounds has gained prominence as safe and effective agents of chemoprevention and therapy. Genistein (GE), an isoflavone found in soy products, has been shown to exhibit several anticancer properties, particularly as an epigenetic modifier. We have observed that GE has the ability to alter the gut microbiome of germ-free mice humanized with fecal transplants from breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. We …

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The Role Of Astrocytes In The Development Of Central Chemosensitivity, Kelsey Patterson Jan 2018

The Role Of Astrocytes In The Development Of Central Chemosensitivity, Kelsey Patterson

All ETDs from UAB

In the two decades since MECP2 was identified as the causative gene in the majority of Rett Syndrome (RTT) cases, transgenic mouse models have played a critical role in our understanding of this X-linked neurodevelopmental disease. However, their exclusive use presents a limitation in translating findings from animal models to the clinic. Here, we characterized growth, anatomical, behavioral, and motor deficits in a novel zinc-finger nuclease murine RTT model from birth through adulthood. Male rats lacking the transcriptional regulatory protein, MeCP2 (Mecp2ZFN/y), are noticeably symptomatic as early as postnatal day (P) 21 and die prematurely, while females lacking one copy …

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The Effects Of Body Size, Growth, And History Of Diabetes On Glioma Risk, Rebecca Barnhill Little Jan 2018

The Effects Of Body Size, Growth, And History Of Diabetes On Glioma Risk, Rebecca Barnhill Little

All ETDs from UAB

Many dietary exposures have weak or null associations with glioma risk. As nutrition can affect growth rate in adolescence, body size throughout the lifespan, and the propensity for Type 2 diabetes, the goal of this project was to examine the relationships between these surrogates of nutritional states and the risk of glioma. The aims of this project were to examine the associations between glioma risk and 1) self-reported body measures; 2) age when full height was attained; 3) and a history of diabetes. To investigate the first aim, 1,111 glioma cases and 1,096 community controls completed a structured interview to …

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Borscht, Bliny, And Burritos: The Benefits Of Peer-To-Peer Experiential Learning Through Food, Naomi Caffee, Colleen Lucey Jan 2018

Borscht, Bliny, And Burritos: The Benefits Of Peer-To-Peer Experiential Learning Through Food, Naomi Caffee, Colleen Lucey

Russian Language Journal

Like other disciplines in the humanities, Russian Studies faces an ongoing crisis of recruiting and retaining majors and minors for the longevity of undergraduate programs (Looney and Lusin 2018). Shrinking budgets and limited resources compound the problem as language and culture departments across the United States are asked to do more with fewer resources (Gerber 2015). In the context of an increasingly corporatized academy where language and cultural studies are marginalized, faculty in Russian Studies have a powerful means at their disposal to attract new students and build cross-campus alliances: the common language of food. Courses on foodways can reinvigorate …

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Butterfly, Dogwood Linked In Circle Of Life, W. John Hayden, Nicky Staunton Jan 2018

Butterfly, Dogwood Linked In Circle Of Life, W. John Hayden, Nicky Staunton

Biology Faculty Publications

What would it be like to live on a diet of nothing but flowers? From the perspective of human nutrition, conventional wisdom suggests that it would be difficult to obtain a well-balanced diet from flowers alone. We do, however, have the legend of the lotus-eaters, people encountered by Odysseus and his crew on their epic return journey from Troy. As recounted in the Odyssey, lotus-eaters lived life in a perpetual stupor, and the two crew members who sampled lotus flowers immediately lost all interest in returning to their homes in Ithaca. Upon seeing the danger of consuming these flowers—the botanical …

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Death Of The Emissary: Language, Metonymy, And European Complicity In Juan Diego Botto’S “La Carta”, Jeffrey K. Coleman Jan 2018

Death Of The Emissary: Language, Metonymy, And European Complicity In Juan Diego Botto’S “La Carta”, Jeffrey K. Coleman

Spanish Languages and Literatures Research and Publications

Juan Diego Botto’s 2005 monologue “La carta” explores the real-life death of Yaguine Koita and Fodé Tounkara, two Guinean boys who in 1999 died attempting to reach Europe with a letter addressed to European officials. A close reading of Botto’s monologue illustrates how the letter by Yaguine and Fodé functions as an archive that explores and redefines the liminal spaces, and therefore the relationship, between Europe and Africa. The monologue and the letter elucidate the boys’ position as emissaries who seek to reconcile the European continent with its complicity in the state of Africa.

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An Efficient Protocol For Root Studies In The Common Sunflower Using Composite Plants, Tyler Parks Jan 2018

An Efficient Protocol For Root Studies In The Common Sunflower Using Composite Plants, Tyler Parks

Masters Theses

Sunflower, Helianthus annuus, is one of the most important oilseed crop in the world. Oil from the seeds is prized for its' exceptional quality and flavor. Despite this, sunflowers have been forced onto marginal lands often on semi-arid and non-fertile soil, due to disease pressures and economics making it critical to produce more resilient lines and varieties to withstand these new stresses. The recent availability of the sunflower genome can allow genome-wide characterization of gene families. Stable transformation protocols, which can be used for characterization studies, have been developed for H. annuus using Agrobacterium tumefaciens, but they produce …

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Fighting Poverty With Passion: Americorps Vista As A Replicable Solution To Local Poverty, Jonathan M. Williams Jan 2018

Fighting Poverty With Passion: Americorps Vista As A Replicable Solution To Local Poverty, Jonathan M. Williams

Masters Theses

This study examines the replicability and effectiveness of AmeriCorps VISTA projects in fighting poverty at the state and local levels. AmeriCorps VISTA (Volunteers in Service to America) is the chief domestic program of the Federal Government's Corporation for National and Community Service. The scope of this study focuses on the seven states that comprise the Corporation's North Central Cluster, (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin) and the AmeriCorps VISTA projects that operated in these states due to funding from the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. The selected region offers a microcosm of the nation's geographical and political …

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From Taquería To Medical School: Juan Carlos, Aristotle, Cognitive Enhancements, And A Good Life, Glenn "Boomer" Mac Trujillo Jan 2018

From Taquería To Medical School: Juan Carlos, Aristotle, Cognitive Enhancements, And A Good Life, Glenn "Boomer" Mac Trujillo

Faculty and Staff Scholarship

This paper begins with a vignette of Juan Carlos, an immigrant to America who works to support his family, attends classes at a community college, and cares for his ill daughter. It argues that an Aristotelian virtue ethicist could condone a safe, legal, and virtuous use of cognitive enhancements in Juan Carlos’s case. The argument is that if an enhancement can lead him closer to eudaimonia (i.e., flourishing, or a good life), then it is morally permissible to use it. The paper closes by demonstrating how common objections to cognitive enhancement fail to undermine Juan Carlos’s justifiable use of the …

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Validation Of Activity Trackers In A Laboratory Setting With Young Adults, Brandon Leslie Lewis Jan 2018

Validation Of Activity Trackers In A Laboratory Setting With Young Adults, Brandon Leslie Lewis

Theses and Dissertations

Background: Objectively tracking sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA) is becoming increasingly important as research continues to show the negative effects with increasing SB and decreasing PA. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate three commercial activity trackers with young adults regarding how they accurately measure SB and PA behaviors in a laboratory setting. Methods: 50 college-aged participants wore three wrist-based activity trackers (Fitbit Surge, Apple Watch, and Basis Peak) and two ActiGraph accelerometer devices during a series of SB and PA behaviors for five-minute intervals in a laboratory setting. The activity trackers were evaluated against direct …

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The Effects Of Regulatory Orientation On Subjective Task Values, Ability Beliefs, And Gameplay In A Grammar Editing Computer Game, Stephen Strnad Jan 2018

The Effects Of Regulatory Orientation On Subjective Task Values, Ability Beliefs, And Gameplay In A Grammar Editing Computer Game, Stephen Strnad

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study investigated mean group differences in composite subjective task values, ability beliefs, and gameplay behaviors between low promotion and high promotion English as a Second Language (ESL) postsecondary students while playing two versions of a grammar-editing computer game. First, students were categorized according to their scores on the General Regulatory Focus Measure. Next, students played two identical versions of the grammar-editing game; in the second game version, an independent variable was added in the form of an in-game punishment. In the middle of each game version, students completed a modified version of the Expectancy-value Questionnaire. Independent samples t-tests were …

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The Effect Of Registered Nurse Supply On Population Health Outcomes: A Distributed Lag Model Approach, Carla Jackie Sampson Jan 2018

The Effect Of Registered Nurse Supply On Population Health Outcomes: A Distributed Lag Model Approach, Carla Jackie Sampson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Registered nurses (RNs) are essential to providing care in the healthcare system. To date, research on the relationship between healthcare provider supply and population health has focused on physician supply. This study explored the effect of RN supply on population health outcomes in the U.S. This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study of U.S. counties and county equivalents using national data. Seven population health outcomes (total and disease specific mortalities and low infant birth weight rate) were the response variables. The predictor variable, RN supply, and some control variables were anticipated to have an asynchronous effect on the seven outcome variables …

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Pg-Vtv Biogenesis Requires Atp To Facilitate Phosphorylation Of Syntaxin 17, Anika Saxena Jan 2018

Pg-Vtv Biogenesis Requires Atp To Facilitate Phosphorylation Of Syntaxin 17, Anika Saxena

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The uptake of cytotoxic free fatty acids (FFA) and their conversion to physiologically expedient triglycerides (TAG) which are later on assimilated to very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) is of utmost value among the multifarious tasks performed by the liver. Inflated concentration of VLDL in the blood stream directly correlates with the reinforcement of atherosclerosis. VLDL is synthesized in the hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and transported to the Golgi where it encounters several alterations. It is then enclosed in distinct post-Golgi VLDL transport vesicles (PG-VTVs) and released into the blood. The data generated in our lab has proved the requirement of …

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Whetting Their Appetite: A Spatial Analysis Of Seasonal Flooding And Raised Field Agriculture In The Llanos De Mojos, Bolivia, Samuel A. Martin Jan 2018

Whetting Their Appetite: A Spatial Analysis Of Seasonal Flooding And Raised Field Agriculture In The Llanos De Mojos, Bolivia, Samuel A. Martin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The Llanos de Mojos, a region of the southwestern Amazon, is a seasonally flooded savannah located in the Beni department of Bolivia. The area sustained a significant pre-Columbian population up to the arrival of Jesuit missionaries in the late 17th century. Local communities constructed agricultural landscape modifications to help cultivate crops such as maize, manioc, and sweet potato. Raised fields contributed to soil nutrient intensification and helped to manage flooding. This study examines the relationship between 40,766 raised agricultural fields which were digitized by the Proyecto SIG Arqueologico del Beni using Google Earth and maps of surface flood coverage. Flood …

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Do Variations In Service Delivery Models Influence Parents' Perspectives In The Early Intervention Program?, Andrasne Weiszhaupt Jan 2018

Do Variations In Service Delivery Models Influence Parents' Perspectives In The Early Intervention Program?, Andrasne Weiszhaupt

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study has multiple purposes. The first purpose is to investigate whether variations in the Early Intervention (EI) service delivery model influence parents' perceptions of the quality of their EI services. The second purpose is to compare parents' satisfaction level with the early intervention program in the selected counties from Pennsylvania and Florida. The third purpose is to reveal whether families' residency determines the level of access to services. The study subjects were parents and caregivers whose children received services through the Part C early intervention program between January 2013 and January 2017. The targeted population for the study were …

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Exploring The Self-Reported Dietary Habits And Physical Activity Between Athletes And Non-Athletes In Four Central Florida Public High Schools, Alison Redd Jan 2018

Exploring The Self-Reported Dietary Habits And Physical Activity Between Athletes And Non-Athletes In Four Central Florida Public High Schools, Alison Redd

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The federal reimbursable meals offered in American school cafeterias have recently been revised with improved nutrition standards yet may not meet the needs of student athletes who require additional energy intake. While many epidemiological studies report high numbers of adolescents who are overweight or obese, there are close to eight million high school students involved in interscholastic sports—more now than ever before. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to establish participation rates in the federal school meals programs in a local Central Florida school district between athlete and non-athlete high school populations. Additionally, the study aimed to establish athlete …

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Water Consumption Of Children In Head Start Classrooms, Bingbing Zhang Jan 2018

Water Consumption Of Children In Head Start Classrooms, Bingbing Zhang

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The Institute of Medicine (IOM) identifies the importance of water consumption and suggested that children need to consume water each day (IOM, 2011). Head Start Performance Standards requires that the children have free access to drinking water throughout the program day (DHHS, 2016a). The first goal of this study was to identify the quantity of water consumed by children during the program day (8am-2pm). This study employed a person-centered approach to explore the water consumption of the children through observations and direct measurement to identify the amount of the water consumed during a program day. Four classrooms from a Head …

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