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Project Spraoi: The Effectiveness Of A Nutrition And Physical Activity Intervention On The Dietry Intake, Dietary Patterns, Nutritional Knowledge And Markers Of Health Of Irish Primary School Children, Alison Merrotsy

PhDs

Aim: To implement and evaluate the effectiveness of a nutrition and physical activity (PA) intervention (Project Spraoi) on dietary intake (DI), dietary patterns (DP), nutritional knowledge (NK), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), blood pressure (BP) and markers of health of Irish children in one primary school in Cork. The relationship between DP and NK, CRF, BP and anthropometric data will also be examined.

Design: Cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Food diary, NK questionnaire and 550m walk/run test were used to assess DI, DP, NK and CRF, respectively. BP, body mass index (BMI) and waist to height ratio (WHtR) were also calculated.

Setting: Two …

The Relationship Between Dietary Quality And Mental Health In A Young Adult Appalachian College Population, Rachel Anne Wattick

Capstones and Honors Theses

To investigate the relationship between dietary quality and mental health status of young adults in an Appalachia college setting we 1) assessed the overall dietary quality of students 2) assessed the frequency of depression and anxiety symptoms of students and 3) assessed the relationship between these factors and food insecurity of students. A cross-sectional design was used in a large, Appalachian college population in fall 2017. Survey items included the Dietary Screener Questionnaire (DSQ), experience of depression or anxiety symptoms over the past 30 days, and the US Adult Food Security Survey Module, demographic variables and BMI. Participant responses (n=1956) …

New For Discovery: Scholarworks@Uark, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 19 2018, Several Authors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

A Message From The Department Head Of Horticulture And Food Science, Wayne Mackey

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Effective And Sustainable Prevention Of Avian Damage To Planted Seeds Through Seed Treatment, Jeb A. Barzen, Kenneth E. Ballinger Jr.

Proceedings of the North American Crane Workshop

Several species of cranes and other wildlife have recovered from low populations because, in part, they have adapted to resources found in agricultural environments. If future conservation strategies are to succeed in areas dominated by agricultural use, we must develop sustainable models that solve crop damage problems that are caused by expanding wildlife populations. Using crane damage to planted seed as an example, we propose 1 such model of sustainable crop damage prevention. The deterrent, 9,10-anthraquinone (AQ), is a natural product produced by plants, in part to control bird frugivory, and induces gastro-intestinal distress (temporarily sickens an individual) in sandhill …

Effects Of Age On Cognitive Performance While Sitting And Walking At A Treadmill Workstation, Audrey E. King

ETD Archive

Purpose: This study compared cognitive function and age using the Stroop test while sitting and while walking at a self-selected speed at a treadmill work station. Methods: 50 subjects aged 20-69 years completed the Stroop test while sitting and while walking at a self-selected speed at a treadmill workstation. A repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to analyze for an interaction between age and cognition. Results: The results showed a significant increase in reaction time as age increased (p<.01). The results also showed no significant difference in reaction time for any age group between sitting and walking (p>.05). Conclusion: As individuals age there is an expected increase in cognitive and motor function and an increase in reaction time, those …

Evaluating Extended Learning Time On Urban Student Performance, Andrea Moss

ETD Archive

In the United States, children between the ages of five and eighteen spend up to 85 percent of their time out of school. After the school day ends, working parents of school-age children and youth need to secure adequate after-school care. During after school hours, between the hours of 3 p.m. and 7 p.m., 19 percent of violent offenses committed by juveniles occur (U.S. Department of Justice, 2010). On the National Assessment of Educational Progress (2015) the average eighth-grade minority student performs at about the level of the average fourth-grade white student. These data indicate that the best use of …

The Effects Of Poverty Academically And Behaviorally On Students In Urban Communities, William Kyle Holmes

All Electronic Theses and Dissertations

One of the biggest travesties that is present globally across all nations is poverty. Despite being the wealthiest country in the world, “in 2015 there were 43.1 million people in poverty.” (Proctor, Bernadette D. 2015). Additionally, millions more struggle just to survive on a monthly basis with and/or without public assistance. Sadly, this large number of Americans includes school aged children that are suffering from the devastation of the poverty. Children are the future of our nation. Thus, it is critical that all children receive a proper education for them to be a positive member of society across the country. …

Cuba: Coronary Heart Disease, Michaela Loizzi

Global Public Health

Cuba has a strong health care system with universal health care for their citizens over 40 years old. Despite the strong health care system Cuba lacks the resources necessary to treat coronary heart disease, the leading cause of death in the country. The country’s whole population is affected by coronary heart disease however the most affected is the lower class due unaffordable treatment. The primary causes of coronary heart disease includes their daily lifestyle such as, physical inactivity, diet, and excessive smoking. It is important to note that the major factors in Cuba leading to coronary heart disease are all …

No. 22: Predictors Of Household Food Insecurity In Maputo And Matola, Mozambique, Cameron Mccordic, Ezequiel Abrahamo

Hungry Cities Partnership

The rapid growth of Maputo and Matola (neighbouring cities in Southern Mozambique) has dramatically changed each city’s demographic and food insecurity profile. Previous research in Maputo indicates that household access to infrastructure plays an important role in determining vulnerability to food insecurity. This paper investigates (a) whether this relationship is also true of Matola and (b) whether the demographic composition of households plays a role in defining vulnerability to food insecurity in either city. Using household survey data collected by HCP in 2014 in Maputo and Matola, the paper demonstrates that inconsistent access to water, electricity, medical care, cooking fuel …

No. 11: The State Of Household Food Security In Nairobi, Kenya, Samuel Owuor

Hungry Cities Partnership

This report presents the results of a city-wide household food security survey of 1,434 Nairobi households, conducted by the Hungry Cities Partnership and the University of Nairobi. Among the key findings was that 70% of households in Kenya’s capital experience food insecurity, with one-quarter severely food insecure. As the first city-wide survey of household food security in Nairobi, this report provides researchers and policy-makers with detailed data and information about the overall food security picture, as well as important insights into the operation of the city’s food system. In particular, the report demonstrates the vital importance of Nairobi’s food markets …

No. 08: The Urban Food System Of Windhoek, Namibia, Ndeyapo Nickanor, Lawrence Kazembe, Jonathan Crush, Jeremy Wagner

Hungry Cities Partnership

The surprisingly high rate of supermarket patronage in low-income areas of Windhoek, Namibia’s capital and largest city, is at odds with conventional wisdom that supermarkets in African cities are primarily patronized by middle and high-income residents and therefore target their neighbourhoods. What is happening in Namibia and other Southern African countries that make supermarkets so much more accessible to the urban poor? What are they buying at supermarkets and how frequently do they shop there? Further, what is the impact of supermarket expansion on informal food vendors? This report, which presents the findings of the South African Supermarkets in Growing …

Cardiorespiratory Fitness And The Relationship Between Body Fat And Resting Testosterone In Men, Peter Hosick, Evan Matthews, Steven Leigh

Department of Exercise Science and Physical Education Scholarship and Creative Works

Objective: To examine the effect of cardiovascular fitness, i.e. VO2max, on the relationship between weight status and resting testosterone level (RTL) in males. Materials and methods: A subset of male participants from the 2003–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed by weight status, i.e. normal, overweight, obese, and all participants. Bivariate correlation coefficients were computed for RTL, percent body fat (BF%), and VO2max. Partial correlation coefficients were computed between RTL and BF% controlling for VO2max and between RTL and VO2max controlling for BF%. Results: Bivariate correlations between RTL and BF%, and RTL and VO2max were significant in all …

Keys To Person-Centred Care To Persons Living With Dementia – Experiences From An Educational Program In Sweden, Mia Berglund, Catharina Gillsjö, Rune Svanström

College of Nursing Faculty Publications

Growing old entails an increased risk of disabilities and illnesses such as dementia. The orientation in Sweden on national level is that individuals remain in their own homes if desired and receive person-centred home care. The aim of this study was to describe the experience of an educational program and its influence on daily provision of care to persons with dementia. A life-world approach was used. Data were collected through group interviews with care providers in the context of home. The findings are presented in five themes: Increased knowledge about dementia and treatment, Relationship-building in order to provide good care, …

Nutritional Quality Of Meals And Snacks Served And Consumed In Family Child Care, Alison Tovar, Sara E. Benjamin-Neelon, Amber E. Vaughn, Maggie Tsai, Regan Burney, Truls Østbye, Dianne S. Ward

Nutrition Faculty Publications

Background: Improving the nutritional quality of food, including beverages, served in early care and education settings should enhance children’s diet quality. However, few studies have explored the relationship between what is served and consumed in family child-care homes (FCCHs).

Objective: To describe the nutritional quality of food served to children in FCCHs and to assess the extent to which children eat what is served.

Design: This study was a cross-sectional analysis using baseline data (n=166) from a cluster-randomized controlled trial (2013-2016).

Participants/Setting: Eligible FCCHs in central North Carolina had to have at least two children between …

Effect Of Tart Cherry Concentrate On Pain, Inflammation, And Strength, Natasha Kirkbride

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this double-blinded, randomized control study was to assess the impact of tart cherry concentrate on pain, inflammation, and strength in resistance-trained males (n = 24). Specifically, it analyzed the impact of tart cherry supplementation following an eccentric exercise protocol without the use of NSAIDs. Participants received their supplementation of either tart cherry concentrate (TC) or the placebo (PL) to consume over 8 consecutive days. Participants supplemented twice daily with either the TC concentrate (one ounce of concentrate mixed with water) or the placebo. On day 5 of the study, participants completed an eccentric knee extension exercise with …

Orthorexia Nervosa In Undergraduate Health Majors: Using Yoga As An Intervention, Ashley J. Kyle

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Purpose and Objectives: While much is known about common eating disorders in undergraduate students in college, limited research is available on the prevalence of orthorexia nervosa (ON). Orthorexia nervosa is a fixation on righteous eating that typically stems from an attempt to diet or consume healthier foods and turns into an obsession with the quality and purity of food. This type of behavior can become extremely restrictive, damage mental and physical health, and may lead disruptions in daily life. Specifically, information is lacking on the prevalence of ON in health majors, how to classify this disorder, and how to treat …

Effects Of Work Physical Activity Culture And Basic Needs On Physical Activity Outcomes, Erica Marie Thomas

Wayne State University Dissertations

Background: Physical activity (PA) levels of adults are low, and workplaces have been identified as an ideal place to promote PA. Participation in workplace programs continues to be low. Self Determination Theory (SDT) has been used to guide both PA and workplace research, but not both together. Culture has been linked to workplace behaviors, but not PA behavior. The purpose of this study was to test SDT and examine if employee perceptions of the workplace PA culture have statistically significant effects on PA behavior and PA attitudes, as mediated by the three basic psychological needs. Methods: Both salaried (N= 237) …

Optimal Duration For Continuation Of Statin Therapy In Bacteremic Patients, Ajinkya M. Pawar, L. Laplante, Tristan T. Timbrook, Aisling R. Caffrey

Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Background: Evidence suggests statins may improve survival in patients with bloodstream infections. However, there is no consensus on optimal timing and duration of exposure.

Objectives: To quantify statin therapy duration associated with decreased mortality in bacteremic statin users.

Methods: We conducted a case-control study using OptumClinformatics™ with matched Premier hospital data (1 October 2009–31 March 2013). Cases who died during the hospitalization were matched 1:1 to survivors on disease risk scores (DRSs). Post-admission statin therapy duration was evaluated in patients with at least 90 days of pre-admission continuous statin use. Classification and regression tree (CART) analysis was …

Effectiveness Of A Multivitamin Supplementation Program Among Hiv-Infected Adults In Tanzania, Christopher R. Sudfeld, L. Buchanan, Nzovu Ulenga, Donna Spiegelman, Expeditho Mtisi, Ellen Hertzmark, Aisa N. Muya, David Sando, Ester Mungure, Mucho Mizinduko, Wafaie W. Fawzi

Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a routine multivitamin supplementation program for adults living with HIV in Tanzania.

Design: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 67,707 adults enrolled in the Dar es Salaam HIV care and treatment program during 2004-2012.

Methods: The Dar es Salaam HIV care and treatment program intended to provide all adult patients with multivitamin supplements (vitamins B-complex, C, and E) free of charge; however, intermittent stockouts and other implementation issues did not afford universal coverage. We use Cox proportional hazard models to assess the time-varying association of multivitamin supplementation …

Predictors Of Mortality Among A National Cohort Of Veterans With Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infection, Haley J. Appaneal, R. Caffrey, Maya Beganovic, Sanja Avramovic, Kerry L. Laplante

Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Background: Though recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is common and poses a major clinical concern, data are lacking regarding mortality among patients who survive their initial CDI and have subsequent recurrences. Risk factors for mortality in patients with recurrent CDI are largely unknown.

Methods: Veterans Affairs patients with a first CDI (stool sample with positive C. difficile toxin(s) and ≥2 days CDI treatment) were included (2010–2014). Subsequent recurrences were defined as additional CDI episodes ≥14 days after the stool test date and within 30 days of the end of treatment. A matched (1:4) case–control analysis was conducted using …

Food Insecurity, Depression, Disordered Eating Styles, And Body Mass Index Among University Students, Cristal Medina

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Food insecurity is higher among college students than in the general population. Food insecurity can lead to a variety of health outcomes. The present cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between food insecurity and body mass index (BMI), depression, and disordered eating among university students. The study was carried out at eight public universities in the Midwest.

Students at participating universities in the Midwest were recruited electronically. They were asked to complete an online survey which consisted of the U.S. Adult Food Security Scale, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, and the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire. Participants were also asked …

Towards College Health 2.0, Joanne M. Crosman

NERA Conference Proceedings 2018

This article conceptualizes a curriculum and evaluative mapping framework designed to advance the discussion and operationalization of a complex construct: A media literacy education / information literacy education / health education triad.

A review of the literature and previous theoretical frameworks, standards, and assessments provide support for the proposed pathways the model illustrates.

Health Education, Media and Information Literacy (HE MAIL): A Conceptual Model for Higher Education acknowledges our students’ power and participation in media, and supports their wellness. Emphasizing the interrelationship of research-based curriculum design and pedagogy, the conceptual model is organized into six primary components: (a) Backward Design …

2018 Fifth-Year Interim Report, Leah Graham

SACS

No abstract provided.

Exogenous Ketone Salts Do Not Improve Cognitive Responses After A High-Intensity Exercise Protocol In Healthy College-Aged Males, Hunter S. Waldman, Steven A. Basham, Ffi G. Price, Johneric W. Smith, Harish Chander, Adam C. Knight, Ben M. Krings, Matthew J. Mcallister

Kinesiology

This study examined the effects of a DL-hydroxybutyrate (HB) containing beverage on cognitive and performance measures during a bout of repeated Wingates. Fifteen healthy, college-aged males (mean plus or minus standard deviation; age: 23.1 plus or minus 2.4 years, height: 165.4 plus or minus 2.0 cm, mass: 81.4 plus or minus 9.2 kg) volunteered for the present study. Trial 1 consisted of baseline measures and familiarization for the protocol. During trials 2 and 3, subjects reported to the laboratory after a 10-hour fast and ingested 11.38 grams of HB or a placebo (PLA) beverage 30 minutes before exercise. Participants then …

Implementing Mindfulness In K-12 Schools: Exploring Educators’ Perceptions Of Students’ Academic Skills, Behavior, And Well-Being, Sara Gottfried

Undergraduate Review

Research indicates that academic performance and social and emotional well-being are fundamentally interrelated (Schonert-Reichl, Oberle, Lawlor, Abbott, Thomson, Oberlander, & Diamond, 2015). Given that 13-20% of children in the United States experience social and emotional challenges, schools are required to attend to the social, emotional, and behavioral needs of students (Maynard, Solis, Miller, & Brendel, 2017). However, students are often unequipped with the skills to effectively cope with stress and resort to behaviors that cause emotional, mental, and physical suffering, all of which thwart the learning process (Schonert-Reichl et al., 2015). Schools warrant interventions that support the whole student, given …

The Real Cost Of A College Education, Marissa Morganelli

Undergraduate Review

Increasing college costs are contributing to a myriad of deleterious issues for college students. Of the top five stressors experienced by college students, four are related to financial stress (Heckman, Lim, & Montalto, 2014). The financial learning curve associated with managing a budget while striving to meet educational goals (Britt, Mendiola, Schink, Tibbetts, & Jones, 2016) can be overwhelming in the best of circumstances. Yet, a college education, on average, leads to nearly twice as much in annual income. According to the 2005 census, members of the workforce who had completed a bachelor’s degree earned an average salary of $51,206 …

Past Role And Future Outlook Of The Conservation Reserve Program For Supporting Honey Bees In The Great Plains, Clint R.V. Otto, Haochi Zheng, Alisa L. Gallant, Rich Iovanna, Benjamin L. Carlson, Matthew D. Smart, Skip Hyberg

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Human dependence on insect pollinators continues to grow even as pollinators face global declines. The Northern Great Plains (NGP), a region often referred to as America’s last honey bee (Apis mellifera) refuge, has undergone rapid land-cover change due to cropland expansion and weakened land conservation programs. We conducted a trend analysis and estimated conversion rates of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) enrollments around bee apiaries from 2006 to 2016 and developed models to identify areas of habitat loss. Our analysis revealed that NGP apiaries lost over 53% of lands enrolled in the CRP, and the rate of loss was highest in …

Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase (Sod3) Regulates Oxidative Stress At The Vitreoretinal Interface, Katherine J. Wert, Gabriel Velez, Madeline R. Cross, Brett A. Wagner, Melissa L. Teoh-Fitzgerald, Garry R. Buettner, J. Jason Mcanany, Alicia Olivier, Stephen H. Tsang, Matthew M. Harper, Frederick E. Domann, Alexander G. Bassuk, Vinit B. Mahajan

United States Department of Veterans Affairs: Publications

Oxidative stress is a pathogenic feature in vitreoretinal disease. However, the ability of the inner retina to manage metabolic waste and oxidative stress is unknown. Proteomic analysis of antioxidants in the human vitreous, the extracellular matrix opposing the inner retina, identified superoxide dismutase-3 (SOD3) that localized to a unique matrix structure in the vitreous base and cortex. To determine the role of SOD3, Sod3^-/- mice underwent histological and clinical phenotyping. Although the eyes were structurally normal, at the vitreoretinal interface Sod3^-/- mice demonstrated higher levels of 3-nitrotyrosine, a key marker of oxidative stress. Pattern electroretinography also showed physiological …