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Impact Of Electrification On Children's Nutritional Status In Rural Bangladesh, Tomoki Fujii, Abu S. Shonchoy, Sijia Xu

Research Collection School Of Economics

Access to electricity has the potential to improve the nutritional status of children by a variety of pathways such as increased wealth, reduced fertility through the change in time use, spread of information through technology such as TV, and improved health care services. Yet, the relationship between electrification and children’s nutritional status is rarely explored in the literature. We attempt to fill this lacuna by offering microeconometric evidence from rural Bangladesh, where a rapid expansion of electrification and significant improvement in children’s nutritional status were observed in the past two decades. We find that access to electricity has a positive …

Food Photo Recognition For Dietary Tracking: System And Experiment, Zhao-Yan Ming, Jingjing Chen, Yu Cao, Ciarán Forde, Chong-Wah Ngo, Tat Seng Chua

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Tracking dietary intake is an important task for health management especially for chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Given the popularity of personal hand-held devices, mobile applications provide a promising low-cost solution to tackle the key risk factor by diet monitoring. In this work, we propose a photo based dietary tracking system that employs deep-based image recognition algorithms to recognize food and analyze nutrition. The system is beneficial for patients to manage their dietary and nutrition intake, and for the medical institutions to intervene and treat the chronic diseases. To the best of our knowledge, there are …

Influence Of The Host Plant On The Encyrtid Aenasius Bambawalei, A Parasitoid Used To Control The Cotton Mealybug, Phenacoccus Solenopsis, In Pakistan, Hayat Badshah, Farman Ullah, Paul André Calatayud, Hidayat Ullah, Bashir Ahmad

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

The mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Sternorrhyncha: Pseudococcidae) is a highly polyphagous pest of fruits, vegetables, crops and ornamentals in Pakistan. Biological control approach by using Aenasius bambawalei Hayat (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) has been developed recently to control this pest. However, the efficiency of this parasitoid is variable according to the locality and the plants on which P. solenopsis is feeding. In this context, this experiment investigated under field and laboratory conditions the influence of the host plant of P. solenopsis on the parasitism success and the female fitness of A. bambawalei, Five plant species, commonly found to be host of P. …

Impact Of Direct Acting Antivirals On Occurrence And Recurrence Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Biologically Plausible Or An Epiphenomenon?, Amna Subhan Butt, Fatima Sharif, Shahab Abid

Section of Gastroenterology

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Chronic hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) is the most common cause of HCC in many European countries, Japan and Pakistan. Introduction of the new direct acting antivirals (DAAs) has revolutionized the management of HCV worldwide, with high rates of sustained virologic response in patients who could not have tolerated the previous interferon based treatments. However, recently there have been reports raising caution about the long term effects of DAAs, particularly a possible increased risk of HCC. Therefore this review explores the current molecular studies as well as clinical …

Does An Intervention Designed To Improve Self-Management, Social Support And Awareness Of Palliative-Care Address Needs Of Persons With Heart Failure, Family Caregivers And Clinicians?, Margaret Sebern, Nasir Sulemanjee, Mauricio Garnier-Villarreal, Mark J. Sebern, Carol J. Whitlatch

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Aims and Objectives

To conduct a formative evaluation of the iPad‐Enhanced Shared Care Intervention for Partners (iSCIP) among persons with heart failure (HF), family caregivers and clinicians. Together, persons with HF and family caregivers are referred to as partners.

Background

There is growing awareness of the caregiver's contributions to HF self‐management, social support and reciprocal benefits of interventions that involve both partners. The iSCIP engages both partners in a six‐session psychosocial intervention to address three preventable causes of poor outcomes in a HF population: poor self‐management skills, inadequate social support and underutilisation of palliative care. An iPad app is used …

Incidence Of Dementia In Elderly Latin Americans: Results Of The Maracaibo Aging Study, Gladys E. Maestre, Luis J. Mena, Jesus D. Melgarejo, Daniel C. Aguirre-Acevedo, Gloria Pino-Ramírez, Milady Urribarrí, Inara J. Chacon, Carlos A. Chavez, Luis Falque-Madrid, Ciro A. Gaona

School of Medicine Publications

Introduction—There are few longitudinal studies of dementia in developing countries. We used longitudinal data from the Maracaibo Aging Study (MAS) to accurately determine the age- and sex-specific incidence of dementia in elderly Latin Americans.

Methods—The DSM IV-R was used to diagnose dementia, which was classified as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), or other. Age- and sex-specific incidence was estimated as the number of new cases of dementia divided by person-years of follow-up (p-y).

Results—The incidence of all dementia diagnoses was 9.10 per 1000 p-y (95% CI 7.13–11.44; 8026 total p-y), 5.18 for AD (95% CI 3.72–7.03; …

A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Study To Assess The Effect Of Anodal And Cathodal Electrical Stimulation On Periwound Skin Blood Flow And Pressure Ulcer Size Reduction In Persons With Neurological Injuries, Anna Polak, Cezary Kucio, Luther C. Kloth, Malgorzata Paczula, Ewa Hordynska, Tomasz Ickowicz, Edward Blaszczak, Ewa Kucio, Krystian Oleszczyk, Krzysztof Ficek, Andrzej Franek

Physical Therapy Faculty Research and Publications

The use of electrical stimulation (ES) should be considered for treating nonhealing pressure ulcers (PUs), but optimal ES wound treatment protocols have yet to be established. A randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical study was conducted to evaluate the effects of cathodal and anodal high-voltage monophasic pulsed current (HVMPC) on periwound skin blood flow (PSBF) and size reduction of Stage 2 to Stage 4 PUs of at least 4 weeks’ duration.Persons >18 years of age, hospitalized with neurological injuries, at high risk for PU development (Norton scale <14 >points; Waterlow scale >15 points), and with at least 1 Stage 2 to Stage 4 …

An Investigation Into The Test-Retest Reliability Of The Scale Of Accurate Personality Prediction With A Six Week Interval, Jared Marshall Barrow

Theses and Dissertations

The Scale of Accurate Personality Prediction (SAPP) is a measure to determine the accuracy of an individual’s ability to predict his/her own personality traits. Previous studies have demonstrated the validity of SAPP as a measure, and this study serves as one in a series of study on the reliability of the SAPP. To establish the test-retest reliability of the SAPP, the SAPP scores of 22 participants were calculated from two testing trials separated by a six week interval. A Pearson correlation indicated a significant correlation of moderate strength between the SAPP scores from the two testing trials (r=.572, p<0.01). The implication of these results within the context of the previous test-retest reliability studies and limitations to the current study are discussed.

Survival Rates Of Teeth With Primary Endodontic Treatment After Core/Post And Crown Placement, Kandace Yee, Bhagavatula Pradeep, Sheila E. Stover, Fredrick Eichmiller, Lance Hashimoto, Scott Macdonald, Gordon L. Barkley Iii

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Introduction

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of delayed placement of the core/post and crown on the outcomes of nonsurgical root canal therapy (NSRCT).

Methods

According to the Delta Dental of Wisconsin claims database, 160,040 NSRCTs were completed with a core/post and a crown placed before the end of the continuous coverage period or occurrence of an untoward event. Untoward events were defined as a retreatment, apicoectomy, or extraction as defined by the Code on Dental Procedures and Nomenclature. Statistical analysis was performed by using a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model.

Results

The survival rate from …

Ingestion And Fragmentation Of Plastic Carrier Bags By The Amphipod Orchestia Gammarellus: Effects Of Plastic Type And Fouling Load, D. J. Hodgson, A. L. Bréchon, R. C. Thompson

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Inappropriate disposal of plastic debris has led to the contamination of marine habitats worldwide. This debris can be ingested by organisms; however, the extent to which chewing and gut transit modifies plastic debris is unclear. Detritivores, such as amphipods, ingest and shred natural organic matter and are fundamental to its breakdown. Here we examine ingestion and shredding of plastic carrier bags by Orchestia gammarellus. A laboratory experiment showed these amphipods shredded plastic carrier bags, generating numerous microplastic fragments (average diameter 488.59 μm). The presence of a biofilm significantly increased the amount of shredding, but plastic type (conventional, degradable and biodegradable) …

Learning To Listen To Hunger And Fullness Cues, Brittany Bingeman, Jaqueline Neid-Avila

All Current Publications

This fact sheet explains how learning to listen to internal cues, such as hunger and fullness signals, may encourage people to consume less calories and develop a healthier relationship with food .

The Scale Of The Problem Of Obstructive Lung Disease In Africa Becomes Clearer, But Where Are The Solutions?, R Jones

Peninsula Medical School

No abstract provided.

Pregnancy Outcomes Among Women With An Unintended Pregnancy: Findings From A Prospective Registry In Rural Pakistan, Sumera Aziz Ali, Shiyam Sunder Tikmani, Margo S. Harrison, Sarah Saleem, Robert L. Goldenberg, Elizabeth M. Mcclure, Omrana Pasha

Community Health Sciences

Background: Unintended pregnancies are an important public health issue in both developed and developing countries. An unintended pregnancy may affect maternal health seeking behavior during the antenatal and postpartum periods, which can adversely affect perinatal outcomes. Aim: The specific aim of our study was to measure antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum pregnancy outcomes among women with unintended pregnancies in a rural Pakistani population.
Methods: Using a prospective maternal and newborn health registry in Thatta Pakistan, we evaluated temporal associations between unintended pregnancy and several dimensions of health seeking behavior including: antenatal care, preference for private versus government facility for antenatal care, …

Level Of Diabetes Knowledge Among Adult Patients With Diabetes Using Diabetes Knowledge Test, Asim M. Zowgar, Muhammad I. Siddiqui, Khalid M. Alattas

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To determine the level of diabetes knowledge and to identify the main knowledge gaps among patients with diabetes (both types 1 and 2) as there is a high prevalence of diabetes in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Makkah city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and included governmental primary healthcare centers and hospitals from November 2016 until February 2017. A self-administrated Diabetes Knowledge Test 2 (DKT2) was used to determine the level of diabetes knowledge. It consisted of two parts: general knowledge and insulin use with a global score out of 23. Results: A total of 942 …

Depression Among The Elderly Population In Sohag Governorate, Hanan Y. Aly, Ahmed F. Hamed, Nesreen A. Mohammed

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To determine the proportion of geriatric depression and factors associated with its occurrence among a sample of the elderly population in Sohag Governorate. Methods: A cross-sectional, community-based study was conducted from May 2016 to March 2017 with 1,027 elderly individuals (aged ≥60 years) living in Sohag Governorate, Egypt. A questionnaire was designed and included inquiries on socio-demographic variables (age, gender, and residence) and the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) to determine the outcome variable, the presence of depression, among the studied elderly population. Results: About two-thirds (62.7%) of participants suffered from depression. Regarding depression levels, 450 (43.8%) participants had …

The (Behavioral) Science Behind Baby Milk Formula, Hannah H. Chang

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Peruse the infant-formula aisle in any supermarket.One can easily spot an increasing number of infant formula brands, eachoffering a wide range of ingredients with claims of assorted health benefits.DHA to increase the baby's cognitive development? Check. Taurine to support thebaby's mental and physical development? Prebiotics for a healthy digestivesystem? Iron and zinc to boost the baby's immune system? Check, check, andcheck.

Quality Of Care Of Treatment For Uncomplicated Severe Acute Malnutrition Provided By Lady Health Workers In Pakistan, Eleanor Rogers, Muhammad Ali, Shahid Fazal, Deepak Kumar, Saul Guerrero, Imtiaz Hussain, Sajid Bashir Soofi, Jose Luis Alvarez Morán

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Objective: To assess the quality of care provided by lady health workers (LHW) managing cases of uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in the community.
Design: Cross-sectional quality-of-care study.
Setting: The feasibility of the implementation of screening and treatment for uncomplicated SAM in the community by LHW was tested in Sindh Province, Pakistan. An observational, clinical prospective multicentre cohort study compared the LHW-delivered care with the existing outpatient health facility model.
Subjects: LHW implementing treatment for uncomplicated SAM in the community.
Results: Oedema was diagnosed conducted correctly for 87·5 % of children; weight and mid upper-arm circumference were measured correctly for …

Does Healthy Eating Cost More?, Mateja R. Savoie-Roskos, Mary Ann Jorgensen, Carrie Durward

All Current Publications

Decisions regarding food choices are based on a variety of factors including cost, taste, convenience, and availability. Most people feel that nutritious foods cost more than foods higher in calories and low in other important nutrients. In effort to save money, people may select less nutritious foods when shopping resulting in less healthy meals and snacks. This is a problem because diets rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, beans, and healthy fats have been found to reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease among many others.This fact sheet discusses the cost of healthy eating …

How To Nourish Mom And Baby Alike: Nutrition During Pregnancy, Marianne Olsen, Mateja R. Savoie-Roskos, Carrie Durward

All Current Publications

This fact sheet offers weight gain and nutrition suggestions that can improve the health of you and your baby during and after pregnancy.

Smoothies - Helpful Or Harmful?, Darla Stoker, Carrie Durward

All Current Publications

This fact sheet describes the benefits and drawbacks of including smoothies in the diet.

A Collective Case Study Of Economically Disadvantaged High Achieving Minority Schools, Stefanie Barnes

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this collective case study was to discover the characteristics that defined a high achieving minority population within a high, middle, and elementary school setting. The theoretical ideas included those of Dewey, Piaget and Payne. The central research question was: What are the unique characteristics of a high, middle, and elementary school with a high achieving minority student population? The characteristics were identified and examined through contemporary practices, observations, focus group discussions, interviews, surveys, and data analyzed. The participants in this research were the teachers, administrators, and students at various high, middle, and elementary school sites. The data …

Legal Capacities Required For Prevention And Control Of Noncommunicable Diseases, Roger S. Magnusson, Benn Mcgrady, Lawrence O. Gostin, David Patterson, Hala Abou Taleb

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

Law lies at the centre of successful national strategies for prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases. By law we mean international agreements, national and subnational legislation, regulations and other executive instruments, and decisions of courts and tribunals. However, the vital role of law in global health development is often poorly understood, and eclipsed by other disciplines such as medicine, public health and economics. This paper identifies key areas of intersection between law and noncommunicable diseases, beginning with the role of law as a tool for implementing policies for prevention and control of leading risk factors. We identify actions that the …

Diet-Induced Early-Stage Atherosclerosis In Baboons: Lipoproteins, Atherogenesis, And Arterial Compliance, Michael Mahaney, Genesio M. Karere, David L. Rainwater, Venkata Saroja Voruganti, Edward J. Dick Jr, Michael Owston, Karen S. Rice, Laura Cox, Anthony G. Comuzzie, John L. Vandeberg

School of Medicine Publications

Background

The purpose of this study was to determine if dietary manipulation can reliably induce early-stage atherosclerosis and clinically relevant changes in vascular function in an established, well-characterized nonhuman primate model.

Methods

We fed 112 baboons a high cholesterol, high fat challenge diet for two years. We assayed circulating biomarkers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, at 0, 7, and 104 weeks into the challenge; assessed arterial compliance noninvasively at 104 weeks; and measured atherosclerotic lesions in three major arteries at necropsy.

Results

We observed evidence of atherosclerosis in all but one baboon fed the two-year challenge diet. CVD risk biomarkers, …

Gardening Experience Is Associated With Increased Fruit And Vegetable Intake Among First-Year College Students: A Cross-Sectional Examination, Jennifer Loso, Daniel Staub, Sarah E. Colby, Melissa D. Olfert, Kendra Kattelmann, Melissa Vilaro, James Colee, Wenjun Zhou, Lisa Franzen-Castle, Anne E. Matthews

Health and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Background Gardening interventions have been shown to increase fruit and vegetable (F/V) intake among school-aged children. It is unknown whether these effects persist into later adolescence or adulthood, and little is known about whether gardening in later adolescence is related to F/V intake. Objective To identify the relationship between both childhood and recent (within the past 12 months) gardening experiences and current F/V intake among college students. Design/participants A cross-sectional evaluation of 1,121 college freshmen with suboptimal F/V consumption from eight US universities. Main outcome measures Participants completed the National Cancer Institute Fruit and Vegetable Screener and questions about gardening …

Compensatory Feeding And Growth Responses Of Papilio Glaucus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) Larvae Reared In Darkness., Jennifer Muehlhaus, J. Mark Scriber

The Great Lakes Entomologist

The goal was to determine the potential impact of photoperiod on feeding behavior and larval growth rates. Larvae from six different families of the eastern swallowtail butterfly, Papilio glaucus L. (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) were placed into 3 different photoperiod regimes (long days at 18:6 h, short days at 12:12 h, and total darkness at 0:24 h, all at 27°C) as neonate first instars and reared to pupation. The initial 11 days reflected very slow growth of the larvae in darkness (only half the weight of the long day larvae). No differences in survival at 4 days or 11 days or until …

Oviposition And Development Of Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus Planipennis) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) On Hosts And Potential Hosts In No-Choice Bioassays, Andrea C. Anulewicz, Deborah G. Mccullough, Deborah L. Miller

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Bupres- tidae) is an invasive phloem-feeding pest native to Asia. It was first identified in North America in 2002 and has killed millions of ash (Fraxinus spp.) trees in southeast Michigan and Essex County, Ontario. Since then, additional populations have been discovered across Michigan and in areas of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Maryland, Pennsylvania and West Virginia. In Asia, A. planipennis reportedly colonizes other genera, including species of Juglans, Pterocarya and Ulmus. In North America, attacks on non-ash species have not been observed but there is concern about host switching as …

Congener Host Selection By The Pre-Dispersal Seed Predator, Apion Rostrum (Coleoptera: Apionidae), Chris E. Petersen, Weien Wang

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Apion rostrum Say (Coleoptera: Apionidae) is the major seed predator of the wild indigo congeners, Baptisia alba and B. bracteata in the Russell Kirt Tallgrass Prairie, a reconstructed prairie located at College of DuPage, Illinois. This study, conducted during 2006, investigated factors attracting A. rostrum to each congener. The two Baptisia differ in developmental period, stature, and patterns of dispersion. B. bracteata flowers and initiates pods usually along a single raceme during late spring, and is a shorter plant that grows in clusters. In contrast, B. alba flowers and initiates pods beginning a month after B. bracteata, produces a …

The Justinian

The Justinian

No abstract provided.

An Evaluation Of Select Physical Activity Exercise Classes On Bone Metabolism, Tori M. Stone, Jonathan E. Wingo, John C. Young, James W. Navalta

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(2): 452-461, 2018. Weight-bearing physical activity can optimize bone mass early in life and prevent the development of osteoporosis. However, less is known about the potential benefits of non-weight-bearing activities. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of structured physical activity classes on bone metabolism. Twenty-eight premenopausal women, aged 18–35 years who were either enrolled in a yoga class (n=14) or cardio-kickboxing class (n=14) voluntarily consented to participate. Both classes were introductory classes meeting twice per week for 50 min per session for 12 weeks. Anteroposterior spine (L1-L4), hip (dual femur), and …