Digital Commons Network^™

Community College Faculty Compensation For Online Course Development And Delivery, Radhika I. Prout

STEMPS Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this dissertation was to determine the most common compensation practices community colleges in the United States provided to faculty for online course development and delivery. Many community colleges provided compensation as an incentive for faculty participation in supporting their online learning initiatives; however, limited research was available on fair compensation for these services. The population consisted of 980 community colleges that were identified using the American Association of Community College’s membership directory.

Data for this study were collected using a survey that contained 31 closed and open form response questions requesting demographic information and current practices for …

Regulating Geoengineering: Applications Of Gmo Trade And Ocean Dumping Regulation, Elizabeth F. Quinby

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

Geoengineering--the deliberate, large-scale manipulation of the environment--is being increasingly considered as an emergency solution to curb global warming, as efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions have largely proved inadequate. This Note explores one form of proposed geoengineering: solar radiation management, which contemplates spraying reflective particles into the stratosphere to cause a global cooling effect. Geoengineering presents many challenges to regulators because of its potential to cause trans-boundary harm, its relative ease of enactment, and its unknown nature. Current international environmental treaties do not address geoengineering and would likely inadequately regulate it. But premature multilateral geoengineering regulations, if agreed to by …

Made In Misery: Mandating Supply Chain Labor Compliance, Julia Zenker

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

Virtually all consumer products in the developed world are produced in supply chain factories abroad. Media exposes periodically reveal the deplorable working conditions in factories that produce products for world-renowned brands. Public institutions, however, tend to be too weak to enforce local labor laws in the prime jurisdictions for supply chain manufacturing, and the recent efforts of private regulators to maintain labor standards throughout the chains have failed. This Note argues that supply chain labor compliance ought to be mandatory, not aspirational. Several examples of innovative public-private partnerships have delivered on the promise of supply chain labor maintenance. In order …

Some Reflections On The "Incidental Harm" Side Of Proportionality Assessments, Emanuela-Chiara Gillard

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

The rule on proportionality represents the most apparent manifestation of the balance between military necessity and considerations of humanity that underpins IHL. As military operations are taking place in densely populated areas with increasing frequency, the rule's significance for the protection of civilians has become even more key. It is of central relevance to the current discussions on the use of explosive weapons in populated areas.

Determining what falls into the two "sides" of the proportionality assessment as clearly as possible is essential to the proper application of the rule in practice. The expected "military advantage side" of the equation …

Keynote Address: The Recent Evolution Of The International Law Of Armed Conflict: Confusions, Constraints, And Challenges, Dr. Yoram Dinstein

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

The distinct honor conferred on me touches my heart, but I promise you that it will not go to my head. I realize that basically I am honored because I have reached an advanced age. Nevertheless, perhaps that age enables me to fully appreciate the trajectory of legal progress made in the past few decades. I was asked by the organizers of this conference to look back to my formative years and share with you insights as regards international law and the law of armed conflict (LOAC). Doing so, what comes first to mind is the unprecedented, immense growth of …

Reframing The Proportionality Principle, Michael A. Newton

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

Proportionality functions as one of the most important legal constraints applicable to the conduct of hostilities. In that context, this short essay discusses the commonly encountered misapplications of Cicero's classic sentiment that "salus populwe supremus est lex...silent enim leges inter armes." Rather than serving as a necessary basis for a positive articulation of lawful force as an exception to the norm, jus in bello proportionality delineates the outer boundaries of the commander's appropriate discretion. The mere invocation of jus in bello proportionality cannot become an effective extension of asymmetric combat power by artificially crippling combatant capabilities. This essay ends by …

[Pis]Sing Off The Courts: The Pisparty's Effect On Judicial Independence In Poland, Michael Hoffmann

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

By winning both the presidency and a majority of seats in the Parliament in 2015, the Law and Justice Party assumed more control in Poland than any single political party has managed since the fall of communism. The party subsequently focused on taking control of the judiciary as well, proposing legislation that critics claim threatens the rule of law but the government insists is necessary to rid the judiciary of corruption and inefficiency. This Note discusses whether the bills go beyond the rule-of-law norms in the European Union, as well as the EU's response to the situation in Poland so …

China's Belt And Road Development And A New International Commercial Arbitration Initiative In Asia, Weixia Gu

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

The policy centerpiece of President Xi Jinping's foreign strategy, China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), ambitiously aspires towards expanding regional markets and facilitating regional cooperation. In context of a rising volume of cross-border transactions generated by the BRI, a robust legal framework on dispute resolution is required to forge investor confidence and enable BRI's integral goal of economic integration. In light of the substantial levels of harmonization among arbitration laws, arbitration is argued to constitute a primary vehicle of international commercial dispute resolution in an economically integrated Asia under the BRI. It is against this backdrop that the Article argues …

Deception And Discourse: Introduction To The Special Issue, Rachel Collier Murdock

Iowa Journal of Communication

No abstract provided.

Emerging Adults' Parent-Child Privacy Management Surrounding Topics Of Career, Religion, And Politics, Maria Butauski

Iowa Journal of Communication

Guided by communication privacy management theory (Petronio, 2002), this study highlights the role of emerging adults' perceptions of parents' behaviors in discussions of career, religion, and politics in their management of the parent-child privacy boundary. Parental behaviors perceived as supportive were associated with more openness and less topic avoidance when discussing career, religion, and politics. However, parental behaviors perceived as interference or neglect were associated with less openness and more topic avoidance across the topics addressed Findings and directions for future research are discussed

Showing Your Pride: Image As Interpellation In The Pride Study, Valerie Rubinsky

Iowa Journal of Communication

This personal essay investigates the online presentation of The PRIDE Study: a longitudinal health study for members of the LGBTQ community that aims to improve understanding of LGTBQ health care issues and increase the wellbeing of the group. The study utilizes the rhetorical concepts of interpellation and identification to examine the PRIDE Study Website.

Front Matter - Table Of Contents

Iowa Journal of Communication

No abstract provided.

205.3 The Many Shapes Of Archive-It, Shawn Jones, Michael L. Nelson, Alexander Nwala, Michele C. Weigle

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Web archives, a key area of digital preservation, meet the needs of journalists, social scientists, historians, and government organizations. The use cases for these groups often require that they guide the archiving process themselves, selecting their own original resources, or seeds, and creating their own web archive collections. We focus on the collections within Archive-It, a subscription service started by the Internet Archive in 2005 for the purpose of allowing organizations to create their own collections of archived web pages, or mementos. Understanding these collections could be done via their user-supplied metadata or via text analysis, but the metadata is …

Swimming In A Sea Of Javascript Or: How I Learned To Stop Worrying And Love High-Fidelity Replay, John A. Berlin, Michael L. Nelson, Michele C. Weigle

Computer Science Faculty Publications

[First paragraph] Preserving and replaying modern web pages in high-fidelity has become an increasingly difficult task due to the increased usage of JavaScript. Reliance on server-side rewriting alone results in live-leakage and or the inability to replay a page due to the preserved JavaScript performing an action not permissible from the archive. The current state-of-the-art high fidelity archival preservation and replay solutions rely on handcrafted client-side URL rewriting libraries specifically tailored for the archive, namely Webrecoder's and Pywb's wombat.js [12]. Web archives not utilizing client-side rewriting rely on server-side rewriting that misses URLs used in a manner not accounted for …

He Says It Didn’T Happen: Rob Porter, Donald Trump, And How We Treat Abuse Allegations, Laurie S. Kohn

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

We want to believe the denials of men who are accused of doing bad things, particularly bad things against women. A glance at several high profile celebrity domestic violence cases illustrates the prevalence of this attitude.

To accept denial as a final word on any claim is, first and foremost, a bad way to assess its truthfulness. But to accept a denial as proof of an alleged perpetrator’s innocence also perpetuates the dynamics of domestic abuse, and discourages people from taking responsibility for their actions.

We can no longer allow denials to be the end of the story when it …

Practitioners' Perception Of Court-Connected Mediation In Five Regions: An Empirical Study, Shahla F. Ali

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

Courts throughout the world face the challenge of designing court mediation programs to provide opportunities for party-directed reconciliation on the one hand, while ensuring access to formal legal channels on the other. In some jurisdictions, mandated programs require initial attempts at mediation, while in others, voluntary programs encourage party-selected participation. This Article explores the attitudes and perceptions of eighty-three practitioners implementing court mediation programs in five regions in order to understand the dynamics, challenges, and lessons learned from the perspectives of those directly engaged in the work of administering, representing, and mediating civil claims. Given the highly contextual nature of …

Sustaining The Growth Of Mobile Money Services In Developing Nations: Lessons From Overregulation In The United States, Amanda B. Kernan

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

Billions of people around the world are excluded from the formal financial system and forced to store, transfer, and borrow money by using inefficient and unsafe methods. The recent introduction of mobile money programs in developing countries is revolutionizing financial inclusion by allowing users to store and transfer money on their mobile phones, thereby eliminating the need to access a bank or an internet connection. Unfortunately, fears that these programs will be used to launder money and finance terrorism have led the international community to develop and implement restrictive anti-money laundering policies that will likely impede the growth and accessibility …

Targeting Of Persons: The Contemporary Challenges, Charles J. Dunlap, Jr.

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

The targeting of persons engages the most fundamental of all the norms in the law of war: the principle of distinction. Indeed, scholar Gary Solis calls it the "most significant battlefield concept a combatant must observe."' The rule itself is simple and direct: in its study of customary international humanitarian law, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) explains, "The parties to the conflict must at all times distinguish between civilians and combatants. Attacks may only be directed against combatants. Attacks must not be directed against civilians." Unlike some provisions of the law of war, the principle of distinction …

Targeting Individuals Belonging To An Armed Group, Dr. Gloria Gaggioli

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

In the context of non-international armed conflicts (NIACs), individuals belonging to an organized armed group are generally considered targetable based on their membership in such a group. There would be no need to prove that they are directly participating in hostilities in order to consider their targeting compliant with international humanitarian law (IHL). Targeting based on membership thus requires answering two key questions. First, what is an organized armed group for the purpose of IHL?; and, second, how should one determine membership in such a group? These two crucial questions raise a number of legal and practical challenges, especially with …

Sink Or Sell: Using Real Estate Purchase Options To Facilitate Coastal Retreat, Richard T. Henderson

Vanderbilt Law Review

Despite the political contention surrounding climate change, scientists almost universally agree that sea levels are rising and will continue to do so. In light of this inevitability, commentators and policymakers have begun to recognize that retreat-the withdrawal of people and development from coastal areas will become necessary, at least in certain areas. Even so, many still question the viability of retreat given the exorbitant economic, political, and legal costs it generally faces. In particular, hardline opposition to retreat runs strong among many coastal landowners. This Note introduces a device for implementing retreat with the potential to overcome these obstacles: real …

Biting The Hand That Heals: Mistreatment By Patients And The Well-Being Of Healthcare Workers, Aysegul Karaeminogullari, Berrin Erdogan, Talya N. Bauer

Business Faculty Publications and Presentations

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between stress due to mistreatment by patients and caregivers’ own well-being indicators (anxiety, depression, and behavioral stress indicators). Based on predictions consistent with the job demands-resources model, it is anticipated that satisfaction with job resources would moderate the relationship between mistreatment by patients and well-being indicators. Design/methodology/approach Hypotheses were tested with a sample of 182 employees in a leading training and research university hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. Results were partially replicated for a separate sample of 122 healthcare workers. Data were collected using the survey methodology. Findings The findings …

Court Capture, Jonas Anderson

Utah Law Faculty Scholarship

Capture — the notion that a federal agency can become controlled by the industry the agency is supposed to be regulating — is a fundamental concern for administrative law scholars. Surprisingly, however, no thorough treatment of how capture theory applies to the federal judiciary has been done. The few scholars who have attempted to apply the insights of capture theory to federal courts have generally concluded that the federal courts are insulated from capture concerns.

This Article challenges the notion that the federal courts cannot be captured. It makes two primary arguments. As an initial matter, this Article makes the …

Campus-Wide Student Learning Assessment: Campus Student Learning Outcomes, Academic Year 2017-2018, University Of Minnesota-Morris

Institutional Effectiveness and Research Reports

No abstract provided.

Synthesis Of Precursors To Non-Isocyanate Polyurethanes, Manqing Wei

Chemistry and Biochemistry

Biobased diamines are excellent precursors for the synthesis of non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs). We have prepared several biobased diamines using three different reactions for their synthesis. In the first method, we have carried out chain elongation of cellulose-derived 2,5-diformylfuran by the Henry reaction followed by reduction of the nitroalkene. Yields of the key step: Hantzsch Ester reduction, were 70-80%. Method two involves the Friedel-Crafts alkylation of furfurylamine with different ketones under acidic conditions. Yields of large-scale alkylation reaction were 60-77%. In method three, we combined the Henry reaction and Friedel-Crafts alkylation techniques to access diamines from hemicellulose-derived furfural. These diamines can …

Corrosion Risk Assessment System For Coated Pipeline System, Fodan Deng

Civil and Environmental Engineering

Steel is widely used as building material for large-scale structures, such as oil and gas pipelines, due to its high strength-to-weight ratio. However, corrosion attack has been long recognized as one of the major reasons of steel pipeline degradation and brings great threat to safety in normal operation of structure. To mitigate the corrosion attacks, coatings are generally applied to protect steel pipelines against corrosion and improve durability of the associated structures for longer service life. Although have higher corrosion resistance, coated pipelines will still get corroded in a long run, as coatings may subject to damages such as cracks. …

How Constitutional Norms Break Down, Josh Chafetz, David E. Pozen

Faculty Scholarship

From the moment Donald Trump was elected president, critics have anguished over a breakdown in constitutional norms. History demonstrates, however, that constitutional norms are perpetually in flux. The principal source of instability is not that these unwritten rules can be destroyed by politicians who deny their legitimacy, their validity, or their value. Rather, the principal source of instability is that constitutional norms can be decomposed – dynamically interpreted and applied in ways that are held out as compliant but end up limiting their capacity to constrain the conduct of government officials.

This Article calls attention to that latent instability and, …

Racial Identity Development Of Somali Refugees In The Midwest, Nnenna Lindsay

Theses and Dissertations

The number of Somali refugees in the United States continue s to increase, yet research on their racial identity development, racialization experiences, and strategies used to cope with racism and discrimination is lacking. This qualitative study was conducted to explore the unique racial narratives of Somali refugees. In order to better understand how Somalis make meaning of their racial identity and adjust to the contemporary racial climate of the Midwest, in-depth interviews were conducted with seven Somali refugees and a narrative methodology was used to analyze the results. The overarching narrative highlighted the journey to becoming Black for Somali refugees …

Tactical Implementation Of Strategic Guidance During The American Revolutionary War: Pedagogical Application For Classroom Use, Ryan Menath

Theses and Dissertations

The United States Air Force Academy is a specialized institution of higher learning dedicated to producing military officers in the U.S. Air Force. Specialized graduation requirements, like a required Military History course, present the opportunity for the implementation of unique pedagogical methodologies. Further, as a technologically forward-looking branch of service designed to control air, space, and cyberspace in a contested environment, the Air Force places a premium on twenty- and twenty-first century military history. Unfortunately, pre-airpower American military history gets overshadowed compared to later conflicts to the point where cadets attending the Air Force Academy get relatively little exposure to …

Collective Efficacy And Police Homicides: Evidence From California In The 1990s, Jayme Reynolds

Theses and Dissertations

This paper examines certain factors relating to collective efficacy; loosely defined as the strength of a community, and the effect those factors have on police homicides in the respective communities. More specifically, this study analyzes three components that contribute to collective efficacy: linguistic isolation, residential stability, and educational attainment. Data utilized in this study include U.S. Census data as well as data from a unique dataset containing California state-wide homicides during the 1990s. Using a negative binomial regression on pooled zip code data shows that, in relation to the factors mentioned above, educational attainment is the most influential characteristic analyzed …

Synthesis Of Cyclic And Linear Poly(Hydroxybutyrates) By Ring-Opening Polymerization Of Β-Butyrolactone With Amido-Oxazolinate Zinc Catalysts, Muneer Shaik

Theses and Dissertations

A series of amido-oxazolinate zinc complexes have been employed for the ring opening polymerization of β-butyrolactone (BBL). Experimental results show that these complexes efficiently catalyze the reactions, yielding cyclic poly(hydroxybutyrate)s (PHBs) with high molecular weights (Mn up to 196 kg/mol) and low dispersity. In contrast, in the presence of alcohol co-catalysts, the zinc-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization (ROP) reactions lead to the formation of linear PHBs end-capped by the alcohol initiator and hydroxylbutyrate. A possible mechanism for cyclic PHBs is proposed, in which the zinc catalysts function as a loose Lewis pair at elevated temperature, followed by a fast propagation through a …