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The Application Of Fourier Analysis To Demonstrate The Impact Of The Flutter Kick On Longitudinal Rotation In Front Crawl, Jordan Andersen, Peter Sinclair, Carla Mccabe, Ross Sanders

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The contribution of the flutter kick to front crawl performance from its influence on longitudinal body rotation has not been thoroughly investigated. Fourier analysis was used to examine the impact of the kick on segmental and whole body angular momentum about the body’s longitudinal axis in fourteen elite front crawl specialists swimming at sprint and 400m pace. The third harmonic frequency, representing the effects of the six-beat flutter kick, was greater at sprint than 400m pace in lower limb, upper limb, and whole body angular momentum. The presence of the third harmonic in upper limb and whole body angular momentum …

A Comparison Of Hand Force And Starting Block-Based Response Times In The Sprint Start, Andrew J. Harrison, Kevin Hayes

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study provided a method comparison of sprint start response times (RTs) obtained using a custom designed hand force plate with block response-times (RT) from anInternational Association of Athletic Federation (IAAF) approved automatic start control system (IAAF RT). Twenty national and international sprinters completed sprint trials under simulated race conditions. The athletes’ hand forces were obtained using the hand force plate, which was electronically synchronised with the IAAF approved system. The results showed that in all trials, the hand plate RT occurred significantly before the IAAF RT with an average difference of 64 ms. The consistent differences in RT’s suggested …

Modeling Instructional Best Practices: Pedagogy Of College Of Education Professors, Kathleen Taylor Campbell, Rayma Harchar, Thomas Devaney, Deborah Mccarthy

School Leadership Review

In light of increased accountability for K-12 student achievement, critics have questioned the quality of teachers and school principals as well as the university programs that prepare them for these roles (Lambert, 1996; Levine, 2005; Murphy, 1992). Regarding the preparation of teachers, critics have stated that education courses are vapid, impractical, segmented, and directionless (Glenn, 2000). Two national reports that have made recommendations for teacher redesign are noteworthy. The report of the National Commission on Teaching and America’s Future, What matters most: Teaching for America’s future (Lambert, 1996), found that teacher preparation education is thin and fragmented and recommended that …

Frontal Plane Take-Off Step Mechanics Of Long Jumpers With And Without A Below The Knee Amputation, Johannes Funken, Steffen Willwacher, Kai Heinrich, Ralf Müller, Hiroaki Hobara, Alena M. Grabowski, Wolfgang Potthast

ISBS Proceedings Archive

Frontal plane mechanics during the long jump take-off step are unknown for athletes with and without a transtibial amputation. This is an issue due to the importance of the knowledge for training and rehabilitation protocols or prosthetic design. In this study the take-off step of three long jumpers with and seven without a below the knee amputation (BKA) were analysed with regard to frontal plane mechanics. Three-dimensional motion capture (Vicon) and a force plate (Kistler) were used to capture kinematic and kinetic data. Inverse dynamic calculations (Dynamicus, Alaska) revealed differences in frontal plane center of mass kinematics and joint kinetics …

Effects Of Segmental Rotations On Vertical And Horizontal Energies During Take-Off Of A Long Jump, Natsuki Sado, Shinsuke Yoshioka, Senshi Fukashiro

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study aimed to reveal the effect of segmental rotation on the generation of vertical velocity and loss of horizontal velocity during take-off of a long jump. 3D motion capture system and force plates were used to capture the long jumps by nine male athletes with an approach running distance of approximately 20 m. Forward rotations of the shank and thigh of the stance leg increased vertical energy (E_vert) and decreased horizontal energy (E_hori); however, elevation of the free leg side of the pelvis increased E_vert (0.53 ± 0.16 J/kg), although pelvic elevation …

Pseudo-3d Binary Silhouette For Augmented Golf Coaching, Kam Yuk (Leona) Chan, Boris Bačić

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this paper is to report the augmented golf coaching implications of novel annotations solutions and silhouette-based video transformations from commonly used video sources. The annotations include ‘one-click’ 3D grid drawing and automated club head tracking. The developed software is based on computer vision approaches to facilitate golf coaching from beginner to intermediate skill-level players and was tested on two driving ranges under different lighting conditions. The end-session reporting enables coaches to provide visual annotations of elements of swing performance with additional privacy preservation of captured media files into two-colours pseudo-3D silhouette. Future work is aimed at advancements …

Superposition Principle Applied To The Optimization Of Kick-To-Stroke Ratio Of Backstroke, Kevin Park

ISBS Proceedings Archive

Backstrokers acknowledge there is an apparent rhythm in swimming that is characterised by the periodic motion of the arms and legs, which must be optimally sychnronized for effective performance. However, unlike the freestyle crawl where the optimal kick-stroke ratio is established at 3:1, there is a limited understanding of the optimal ratio for backstrokers. By separating the velocity contributions of the kick and stroke, the superposition principle can be utilised to find the optimal kick-stroke ratio to maximize swimming distance, the area below the superimposed velocity curve. This paper intends to mathematically establish this ratio and thus improve the performance …

Influence Of Triceps Surae Electromechanical Delay On Movement Responses In The Sprint Start Event, Evan D. Crotty, Kevin Hayes, Andrew J. Harrison

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study examined the delay in sprint start performance related to electromechanical delay (EMD) in the triceps surae muscle and aimed to determine whether sprinters may gain an advantage in sprint start response time (SSRT). SSRT’s of nineteen sprinters were measured using an International Association of Athletics Federations approved SSRT detection system. EMD times were also obtained from the triceps surae muscle during a simple heel-lift experiment. Using Brosnan et al. (2016) response time limits, the results demonstrated that EMD produced a significant moderate correlation with SSRT (r = 0.572, P = 0.01). Initial results suggest EMD influences SSRT. …

Comparison Of World Elite And Japanese Elite Throwers In The Discus Throw, Kei Maeda, Keigo Byun Ohyama, Jun Mizushima, Daisuke Yamamoto, Kenichi Hirose, Ryosuke Kajitani, Mitsugi Ogata

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The aim of this study is to clarify the differences between world elite and Japanese elite throwers in the discus throw by comparing their hip-shoulder and shoulder-arm separation angles. The performances of 12 male world elite discus throwers (the World group) and 12 male Japanese elite discus throwers (the National group) were analysed. The hip-shoulder and shoulder-arm separation through the throwing motion were greater in the World group than in the National group. In the World group, the hip-shoulder separation reached its local maximum at the middle of 2nd single support phase, and the shoulder-arm separation reached its local maximum …

Method Evaluation To Determine Hydration States Of Tendons By Using Mri, Bjoern Braunstein, Luisa Wendeler, Kilian Weiss, Hans Braun, Dirk Mueller, Anja Niehoff, Kirsten Albracht

ISBS Proceedings Archive

Due to the fact that water content is a determinant of the material properties of tendons and therefore might affect sports performance and the risk of injury, the purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the reliabilityand sensitivity of a MRI based method to quantify content of a tendon. For this pilot study twenty porcine digital flexor tendons were chosen. All samples were examined on a MR scanner using three 3D ultra-short echo time sequences. With the applied sequences it was possible to determine a decrease in water content of the tendons. In addition, the methods showed a good …

Does Peak Ground Reaction Force At Initial Contact Of Walking Change Depending On The Phase Of Respiration?, Paolo Sanzo, Cassandra Felice, Carlos Zerpa

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study explored if there was a difference in peak ground reaction force (GRF) of walking depending on the phase of respiration (inspiration or expiration) at initial contact. Twenty-five individuals were tested and grouped as inhalers or exhalers. Data was collected for peak GRF using an Advanced Mechanical Technology force platform and phase of respiration using a CapnoTrainer® capnography unit at initial contact for 5 walking trials at a controlled velocity. An Independent Samples t-Test was used to examine the data with an alpha level p<.05. The results suggested that there was no difference in peak GRF for those …

Cross Recurrence Quantification Analysis Of Inter-Leg Relations Across The Gait Transition, Genevieve Kr Williams, Domenico Vicinanza

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The aim of this study was to quantify characteristics of the deterministic properties of inter-leg movements over the gait transition. The purpose was to further understanding of the nonlinear characteristics of the gait of a healthy individual. A participant locomoted on a treadmill as the speed steadily increased from 0 to 18 km/h over a 120 s period. Position of the approximate center of rotation of the bilateral toe, ankle, knee and hip, were collected (CODAmotion; 100 Hz). The mathematical addition of the four markers representing the “free leg” in the direction of travel (x direction) provided the variables “left …

Use Of Musculoskeletal Modeling To Find The Balance Between Performance And Injury Prevention In Sports – A Proof Of Concept, Dhruv Gupta, Cyril Donnelly, Richard Neptune, Lawrence Abraham, Jody Jensen, Jeffrey A. Reinbolt

ISBS Proceedings Archive

In this study we used musculoskeletal modelling with mathematical optimization tools to find whole-body kinematics that simultaneously reduce risk of injury and enhance sports performance. Combining these objectives has long been the goal of sports science research. We focused on improving hang-time parameters in volleyball (Gupta et al., 2015). We were able to preserve an advantage of hang-time (late swing) and address its disadvantage (potential loss in peak height of the hitting arm) by increasing the height of the hitting wrist by 1 cm, while at the same time not increasing the shoulder moments. This study provided a proof …

Forward And False Step Techniques Used For Sprint Start In A Sideways Direction: Which Is Superior?, Takahiko Sato, Yusuke Fukuhara, Masahiro Fujimoto, Tadao Isaka

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study was to determine which technique is superior to in a standing sprint start in a sideways direction: the false step or forward step technique. Nine males performed 5 m sprints in a rightward direction starting with these two techniques. They took a first step in their right side with their right foot in the forward step trials, whereas they took a first step in their left side with their left foot in the false step trials. No significant differences were found between the two trial conditions in the sprint times for 1 m, 2 m, …

Which Joint Angle Changes Have Most Effect On Ball Release Speed In Overarm Throwing?, Nurhidayah Omar, Mark King, Prof. M. R. (Fred) Yeadon

ISBS Proceedings Archive

An eight-segment angle-driven simulation model of the trunk and upper limbs plus ball was developed to determine which joint angle changes have most influence on ball release speed. 15 overarm throwing trials were recorded, and the joint angle time histories of each trial were input into the simulation model. Systematically replacing specific joint angle time histories with a constant value and observing the effect on ball release speed showed that overarm throwing was most sensitive to trunk extension/flexion, trunk ext./internal rotation, scapula ext./internal rotation, upper arm flexion/extension, upper arm add/abduction, upper arm ext./internal rotation and forearm extension/flexion. During coaching or …

Functional Data Analysis: A New Method To Investigate Pacing Strategies In Elite Canoe Kayak Sprint, Joshua A. Goreham, Scott C. Landry, John W. Kozey, Bruce Smith, Michel Ladouceur

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study was to investigate pacing strategies used by elite flatwater canoe kayak sprint athletes in 12 Olympic events. Boat velocity data for canoe and kayak A-final races were extracted from the International Canoe Federation’s website for five major international competitions during the 2016 and 2017 seasons (n=374 boats; n=87 races). Principal component analysis was used to determine pacing strategies in 200, 500, and 1000 m races. Differences in pacing strategies between medalists and non-medalists were found only in 1000 m races. These findings reflected overall differences in boat velocity but also the timing of changes in …

Nobel Laureate Jeffrey C Hall: A Scientometric Portrait, Mohit Kumar, Arun Ruhela, Surjeet Kumar

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Present Study analysis 201 publications (1972-2008) of Nobel laureate Jeffrey C Hall, an American eminent scientist in geneticist. His publications received 18,896 citations and first paper was reported in Scopus in 1972, subsequently, he published 200 research papers in various journals. The collaboration coefficient of scientist is 0.89 and forty-three (43) are two authored publications, 22 are single authored, scientist has authored highest publication in decade III (1990-1999) with 81(40.30%) publications. The paper entitled "A pdf neuropeptide gene mutation and ablation of PDF neurons each cause severe abnormalities of behavioral circadian rhythms in Drosophila” published in 'Cell' journal in 2000 …

Student Engagement And Adjustment To College Among Undergraduate Students, Abdelmadjid Benraghda, Zohra Goudih, Ssekamanya Siraje Abdallah

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Student engagement and adjustment to college are important factors that contribute to their success. This study aims to investigate the relationship between these two variables and the differences that can be drawn in the context of undergraduate students at International Islamic University of Malaysia (IIUM). Three types of adjustments namely; (academic adjustment, social adjustment, and personal-emotional adjustment) were measured by SACQ. In addition, three types of student engagements (peer-to-peer engagement, engagement with faculty, and engagement with the university) were assessed using the accredited National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE). 446 students were involved in the current study. ANOVA, t-test, …

A Method Comparison Study Of Accelerometer Based Block Response Times In Sprinting, Jonathan Holmes, Kevin Hayes, Andrew J. Harrison

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study aimed to provide a method comparison of a rail mounted accelerometer for detection of block response-times (RT) with an International Association of Athletic Federation (IAAF) approved automatic start control system (IAAF RT). Twenty national and international sprinters completed sprint trials under simulated race conditions. An accelerometer was placed on the block rail of blocks and RT was determined using visual inspection of the accelerometer signal and using a 3SD threshold method. On average, the visual method detected the RT event 7 ms before, and the 3SD method detected RT 1 ms after the IAAF RT. The results indicated …

Content Analysis Of National Digital Library, Medha Rajesh Mangurkar Mrs., Yashwant Chaudhari Mr.

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The aim of the present study is to analyse the contents of National Digital Library. The objectives of the study were to find out the various languages covered, coverage of different subjects in National Digital Library. The study also tried out to find out organizations that have created their institutional repositories and provided links on National Digital Library. NDL is a one stop for all digital resources. The user according to his educational level can choose the learning material. The searches can be refined by choosing different options like type of learning resource, educational degree, file formats, languages etc.

The Effect Of Altering Distance On Goal-Kicking Technique In Australian Football, Stephanie Blair, Sam Roberston, Grant Duthie, Kevin Ball

ISBS Proceedings Archive

Goal-kicks are taken from different positions during a game in Australian Football (AF), which can influence the difficulty of scoring a goal. This study examined the effect of altering kicking distance on goal-kicking technique in 18 AF players. Players performed 10 goal-kicks from 30 m and 40 m directly in-front of goals and kicking kinematics were measured using the Xsens MVN inertial measurement system (240 Hz). Increasing distance resulted in substantially more support-leg knee extension (> 3.8°, large effect) during the stance phase, with moderately higher foot speeds (1.9 m.s^-1), shank (93 deg/s) and knee (186 deg/s) angular …

Authorship Pattern And Collaborative Measures In The Field Of Crystallography, Neelamma G Dr, Gavisiddappa A Dr

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The study highlights the authorship pattern and research collaboration in the area of Crystallography based on 45320 scholarly communications appeared in the Crystallography during 1989-2013. Study illustrates various significant aspects like types and trends of authorship, author productivity, degree of collaboration, collaborative index, Collaboration coefficient, Moderate Collaboration. Multiple author papers are more popular among Crystallography literature. There is a significant correlation found between number of authors and number of papers, further, the given data set is verified through Kolmogorov Simonov test. Finally it can be concluded that Crystallography literature does follow the Lotka’s law of author productivity and found …

Effect Of Flipped Classroom On Learning Management Systems And Face-To-Face Learning Environments On Students' Gender, Interest And Achievement In Accounting, Ernest O. Ugwoke, Nathaniel Ifeanyi Edeh, Joseph C. Ezemma

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

There are several factors that influence students learning and academic achievement. Some of the factors include motivation, interest, learning environment, level of student-student, teacher-student interaction and collaboration nature of assessment processes and feedback etc. However, literature has revealed that students’ interest and academic achievement can be improved if modern technology is integrated into teaching and learning process. The major purpose of this study is to determine the effects of flipped classroom model on learning management systems (LMS) and f2f learning environments on students' achievement and interest in accounting. The design of the study is quasi-experimental. The study used intact classes …

Using Electromyography Of Five Muscles And Joint Angle To Predict Knee Joint Moment, Mohamadreza Karimi Bokti, Alireza Hashemi Oskouei

ISBS Proceedings Archive

Forces and moments acting on joints is of great importance in different fields of biomechanics such as ergonomics, sports biomechanics, and rehabilitation. EMG driven models can be used to estimate forces and moments acting on joints. The current study aimed to propose a model for prediction of knee joint moment using EMG signals detected from muscles and knee joint angle. Electromyography of knee muscles, knee joint angle and moment were recorded simultaneously during the extension-flexion movement in three young men using an isokinetic system. The model for estimating knee joint moment was developed using multiple linear regression. In order to …

Optimal Regression Model For Predicting The Winning Game And Contributing Factors In Ice Hockey World Championship, Eun-Jeong Lee, Hye-Young Kim

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study was to present the statistical model to predict the winning of ice hockey game and determine the contributing factors for win in the world ice hockey championship. In order to find the optimal regression model for ice hockey, we compared two regression model (logistic and linear model) with the database of all games and the separate databases of top/bottom teams. The logistic regression model using the separate database was most accurately predicted the actual outcome of games. This model and database further revealed that goalkeeping and scoring efficiencies and the number of shots on goal …

Adjustment In The Takeoff Phase Of 1-M Springboard Forward Dives, Mohsen Sayyah, Dr Mark A. King, Dr Michael J. Hiley, Prof. M. R. (Fred) Yeadon

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The aim of this study was to investigate whether any adjustment is made during the board contact phase of 1-m springboard forward dives. Variability of body orientation angle at landing from hurdle (touchdown) and at takeoff together with joint angle time histories of 15 forward pike dive takeoffs, performed by an international diver, were determined using video analysis. A computer simulation model of a diver and springboard was used to determine the effects of perturbations of initial conditions on takeoff variability. The variation at takeoff obtained in the simulation outcome was much greater than in the actual performance, indicating that …

Use Of Nonlinear Measures To Compare Athlete Postural Sway Dynamics, Eric W. Slattery, Mark Walsh

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study was to examine the use of nonlinear analysis as a tool to evaluate postural sway patterns in athletes and physically active non-athletes. Balance is an integral part of many sports but seems to be task specific. Data collection occurred for 30 seconds during eyes open condition on Double Leg and Single Left and Right Leg trials. Analysis of the data using Transfer Entropy (TE) and Fractal Dimension (FD) yielded Ice Hockey and Football players having distinctly different postural dynamic control from each other and physically active non-players in only a couple conditions for TE and …

Collaborative Product–Service Approach To Aviation Maintenance, Repair, And Overhaul. Part I: Quantitative Model, Cassio Dias Goncalves, Michael Kokkolaras

Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering

This two-part paper proposes a new collaborative approach to airframe maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO). A quantitative model is introduced in Part I to represent the business relationships between original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and MRO enterprises. In Part II, the presented model is used to assess potential financial benefits obtained by each of these stakeholders as a result of the collaboration.

The quantitative model is built to capture the main dependencies between an independent MRO enterprise operating in South America and its interactions with three major airframe OEMs. Interviews were conducted with MRO and OEM professionals to identify the most …

An Lnvestigation Of Princapals' Use Of Data In Data-Driven Decision-Making And The Impact On Student Achievement, Jimmy K. Byrd, Colleen Eddy

School Leadership Review

The passage and implementation of the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB, 2001) ushered in a new era of educational accountability and school improvement. Schools are held accountable to meet adequate yearly progress that requires educators to closely monitor student performance on high-stake assessments. Further, NCLB significantly increases the pressure on states, districts and schools to collect, analyze and report data. Accountability demands are increasingly forcing school leaders to explore student-level data and to complete more sophisticated analyses. Data-driven decision-making (DDDM) has become an emerging field of practice for school leadership (Streifer, 2002) and a central focus of education policy …

Implementing Ngss Engineering Disciplinary Core Ideas In Middle School Science Classrooms: Results From The Field, Jessica Gale, Jayma Koval, Mike Ryan, Marion Usselman, Stefanie Wind

Journal of Pre-College Engineering Education Research (J-PEER)

With the inclusion of engineering disciplinary core ideas (DCIs), the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) position engineering as a new priority in K–12 science classrooms. This paper reports findings from the implementation of SLIDER, a problem-based learning 8th grade physical science curriculum that integrates engineering and physical science core ideas. As a culminating engineering design challenge, the SLIDER curriculum asks students to apply their understanding of energy, motion, and forces to design an automatic braking system for a robotic truck. The paper describes the curriculum and synthesizes findings from an array of data sources including student design interviews, written design …